An arboretum is a collection of trees. Related collections include a fruticetum (from the Latin frutex, meaning shrub), and a viticetum, a collection of vines. More commonly today, an arboretum is a botanical garden containing living collections of primarily woody plants intended at least partly for scientific study. Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes An arboretum specialising in growing conifers is known as a pinetum.
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Invention
The term 'arboretum' was first used in an English publication by John Claudius Loudon in 1833 in The Gardener's Magazine but the concept was already long-established by then. Westonbirt Arboretum is an Arboretum near Tetbury in Gloucestershire, England, perhaps the most important and widely known arboretum in the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States John Claudius Loudon ( April 8, 1783 – December 14, 1843) was a Scottish botanist, garden and cemetery designer and garden
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The first arboretum was the Arboretum Trsteno, near Dubrovnik in Croatia. Gardening is the practice of growing Plants for their attractive flowers or foliage and Vegetables or Fruits for consumption A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Horticulture is the art and science of plant cultivation Horticulturists (or horticuluralists) work and conduct research in the fields of Plant propagation Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Urban Agriculture and Peri-Urban Agriculture is the practice of cultivating processing and distributing food in or around (peri-urban a village town or city City farms are community-run projects in Urban areas which involve people working with animals and plants Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on Crop rotation, Green manure, Compost, Biological pest control, and mechanical Cultivation A herb farm is usually a Farm where Herbs are grown for market sale A hobby farm is a Smallholding or small farm that is maintained without expectation of being a primary source of income Intercropping is the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time (Andrews & Kassam 1976 A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock A harvest festival is an annual celebration which occurs around the time of the main harvest of a given region Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. Agriculture was developed at least 10000 years ago and it has undergone significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. Weed control is the botanical component of Pest control, stopping weeds from reaching a mature stage of growth when they could be harmful to Domesticated Plants Trsteno ( Cannosa in Italian, Canait in Dalmatic) is a village northwest of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia, population 237 ||-||-||-||-||-||-||} Dubrovnik (ˈdǔbro̞ːʋniːk Dalmatian: Ragusa; Latin: Ragusium, also Rhausium, Rhaugia; Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The date of its founding is unknown, but it was already in existence by 1492, when a 15 m (50 ft) span aqueduct to irrigate the arboretum was constructed; this aqueduct is still in use. An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another It was created by the prominent local Gučetić/Gozze family. It suffered two major disasters in the 1990s but its two unique and ancient Oriental Planes remained standing. Platanus orientalis, also known commonly as the Oriental plane, is a very large widespreading and long-lived deciduous Tree in the Platanaceae
Commenting on Loddiges' famous Hackney Botanic Garden arboretum, begun in 1816, and opened free to the public for educational benefit every Sunday, Loudon wrote: "The arboretum looks better this season than it has ever done since it was planted. The Loddiges family (not uncommonly mis-spelt Loddige) managed one of the most notable of the eighteenth and nineteenth century plant nurseries that traded in . . The more lofty trees suffered from the late high winds, but not materially. We walked round the two outer spirals of this coil of trees and shrubs; viz. from Acer to Quercus. There is no garden scene about London so interesting". A plan of Loddiges' arboretum was included in The Encyclopaedia of Gardening, 1834 edition. Leaves from Loddiges' arboretum and in some instances entire trees, were studiously drawn to illustrate Loudon's encyclopaedic book Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum published in 1838, which also incorporated drawings from other early botanic gardens and parklands throughout the United Kingdom.
The Westonbirt Arboretum, near Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England, was founded around 1828 as the private tree collection of Captain Robert Holford at the Holford estate. Westonbirt Arboretum is an Arboretum near Tetbury in Gloucestershire, England, perhaps the most important and widely known arboretum in the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Holford planted in open fields and laid out rides before he rebuilt the house. Planting at Westonbirt was continued by his son, George Holford. Eventually the estate passed to the government in lieu of death duties and was opened to the public. Also the word "arbortorium" was changed to arboretum back in the early 50's.
Later examples
- Abney Park Arboretum
Shortly before the Derby Arboretum opened, a more complete arboretum was opened for free public access at Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington near London, modelled partly on Mount Auburn Cemetery near Boston and designed by Loddiges nursery. Derby Arboretum is a public Arboretum and Park in the city of Derby in England. Abney Park in Stoke Newington, north-east London UK is a historic parkland originally laid out in the early 18th century by Lady Mary Abney and Note For an area with a similar name see Newington, in the London Borough of Southwark. Founded in 1831 as "America's first garden cemetery" or the first " Rural cemetery " Mount Auburn Cemetery is an Elysium where traditionally The Loddiges family (not uncommonly mis-spelt Loddige) managed one of the most notable of the eighteenth and nineteenth century plant nurseries that traded in It was laid out with 2,500 trees and shrubs, all labelled and arranged in an unusual alphabetical format from A for Acer (maple trees) to Z for Zanthoxylum (American toothache trees). Until Kew was enlarged and opened to the public, this remained the largest arboretum in Europe. Kew is a place in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in South West London. It never achieved the recognition of the better financed early nineteenth century botanical gardens and arboreta that could afford members' events, indoor facilities and curatoral staff for those who paid accordingly. However unlike these, and even unlike the 'public' arboretum at Derby, the Abney Park arboretum always offered public access free of charge, though sometimes, by pre-arrangement; a Viewing Order was needed so as not to interefere with funeral events.
- Arnold Arboretum
Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts is one of the oldest, largest, and most famous arboreta in the United States. The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University is an Arboretum located in the Jamaica Plain and Roslindale sections of Boston Massachusetts Jamaica Plain, commonly known as JP, is a historic neighborhood of 4 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It was established in 1872 on 107 ha (264 acres) of land in the Jamaica Plain section of Boston and was guided for many years by Charles Sprague Sargent who was appointed the Arboretum's first director in 1873 and spent the following 54 years shaping the policies. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U Charles Sprague Sargent (April 21 1841-March 22 1927 was an American Botanist. By an arrangement with the city of Boston, the Arnold Arboretum became part of the famous "Emerald Necklace", the 10 km (7 mile) long network of parks and parkways that Frederick Law Olmsted laid out for the Boston Parks Department between 1878 and 1892.
- Arborétum Mlyňany
Arborétum Mlyňany is located in the area of two neighboring villages Vieska nad Žitavou and Tesárske Mlyňany near Zlaté Moravce, Slovakia. Zlaté Moravce (Goldmorawitz Aranyosmarót is a town in south-western Slovakia. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million It was established in 1892 by Hungarian Count István Ambrózy-Migazzi. Today, it is governed by the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The Slovak Academy of Sciences SAV (in Slovak Slovenská akadémia vied) is the main scientific and research institution in Slovakia fostering basic and strategic Within its 67 ha (165 acre) area, the arboretum features more than 2300 woody plant species, being one of the largest collections in Central Europe. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and
- Bedgebury Pinetum
Bedgebury Pinetum near Goudhurst, Kent is one of the world's most complete collections of conifers. Bedgebury Pinetum (the National Pinetum is a 13 km² (321 Acre) Park near Goudhurst in Kent, England, and conjoined with Bedgebury Goudhurst is a village in Kent on the Weald, about south of Maidstone. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format
- Derby Arboretum
The first public arboretum in England was Derby Arboretum, laid out by J. Derby Arboretum is a public Arboretum and Park in the city of Derby in England. C. Loudon, and donated to the citizens of Derby by Joseph Strutt, on Wednesday 16 September 1840. Derby (pronounced "dar-bee" /dˈɑːbɪ/ is a city in the East Midlands of England. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In 1859 it was visited by Frederick Law Olmsted on his European tour of parks, and it had an influence on the planting in Central Park, New York. Frederick Law Olmsted ( April 25, 1822 &ndash August 28, 1903) was an American landscape designer and father of American Central Park is a large public Urban park in New York City, with about twenty-five million visitors annually Loudon wrote a catalogue of the trees in Derby Arboretum in 1840; unfortunately, industrial pollution killed most of the original plantings by the 1880s, but it is being renovated and replanted closer to Loudon's original layout.
- Holden Arboretum
The Holden Arboretum, in Kirtland, Ohio, USA, is one of the largest arboretums and botanical gardens in the United States, with over 3,400 acres (1,376 ha), 600 acres (243 ha) of which are devoted to collections and gardens. The Holden Arboretum, in Kirtland Ohio, USA, is one of the largest Arboretums and Botanical gardens in the United States with over 3500 acres For other places with the same name see Kirtland Kirtland is a city in Lake County, Ohio, USA. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes The Arboretum is named for Albert Fairchild Holden, a mining engineer and executive, who had considered making Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum his beneficiary. However, his sister, Roberta Holden Bole, convinced him that Cleveland deserved its own arboretum. Thus Mr. Holden established an arboretum in memory of his deceased daughter, Elizabeth Davis.
- Hoyt Arboretum
Located in Portland, Oregon, United States, the Hoyt Arboretum has over 75 ha (185 acres) and close to 8,300 different species of plants. Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Hoyt Arboretum is located atop a ridge in the west hills of Portland Oregon, USA at.
- Lincoln Arboretum, England
Affectionately referred to as "The Arb", Lincoln Arboretum is to the east of the City and retains it line of sight up the hill to the nearby Lincoln Cathedral. The Lincoln Arboretum is an park in Lincoln, UK. The park has two ponds and varied tree cover and was designed and laid out between 1870 and 1872 by the celebrated Lincoln Cathedral (in full The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln, or sometimes St This was one of the original design features. It was laid out between 1870 and 1872 by Edward Milner and has been renovated since 2002.
- Morton Arboretum
Located in Lisle, Illinois the Morton Arboretum was founded in 1922 by Joy Morton, founder of the Morton Salt Company and son of Arbor Day originator Julius Sterling Morton. Lisle is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, covers 1700 Acres (6 Julius Sterling Morton ( April 22, 1832 &ndash April 27, 1902) was President Grover Cleveland 's Secretary of Agriculture At 687 ha (1,700 acres) the Arboretum is one of the largest in the world, and features several mature deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as collections of plant life from around the globe, in addition to ten lakes, several wetlands, and a 40 ha (100 acre) restored prairie.
- Nottingham Arboretum
Affectionately referred to as "The Arb", the Nottingham Arboretum is a large park that also gives its name to the residential area - in which it lies - of the City of Nottingham, England. Arboretum is a residential area of the City of Nottingham in the County of Nottinghamshire, England. Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England.
- Peru State College Arboretum
Peru State College’s “Campus of a Thousand Oaks,” an arboretum campus, is nestled in historic southeast Nebraska. Peru State College is a public four-year institution located in the rural city of Peru Nebraska, in the Midwest region of the United States. Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and The state’s first and fastest-growing college, Peru State was established by the Nebraska legislature in 1867 and now offers a unique mix of innovative online and traditional classroom undergraduate and graduate programs.
- The Arboretum at Flagstaff
The Arboretum at Flagstaff, at 7,150 feet (2180 m) above sea level, focuses on the native plants that thrive in the high, arid environment of the Colorado Plateau. The Arboretum at Flagstaff is a 200 acre (80 hectare Arboretum that is home to 2500 species of drought-tolerant native plants representative of the high-desert Colorado The 200-acre (0. 81 km²) facility also is unique in that it offers daily raptor programs during its April - October visitor season.
- The Tasmanian Arboretum
The Tasmanian Arboretum was established in 1984 on the Don River in Devonport, Tasmania, Australia. The Tasmanian Arboretum is a botanical tree park (an Arboretum) in Devonport Tasmania, Australia. The Don (Дон is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 Kilometres southeast from Tula, southeast Devonport is a city in the north-west of Tasmania, Australia, at the mouth of the Mersey River. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The main site is 58ha. There are over 2500 plants in the geographic and thematic collections along with riparian revegetation. Maintenance of the collections is done by volunteers.
- United States National Arboretum
In 1927 the United States National Arboretum was established in Washington D. The United States National Arboretum is an Arboretum in Washington D C. on 180 ha (444 acres) of land; currently it receives over half a million annual visitors. Single-genus groupings include apples, azaleas, boxwoods, dogwoods, hollies, magnolias and maples. Malus, the apples, is a genus of about 30–35 species of small Deciduous Trees or Shrubs in the family Rosaceae. Azaleas are flowering Shrubs making up part of the genus Rhododendron. The Dogwoods comprise a group of 30-50 species of mostly Deciduous Woody plants growing as Shrubs and Trees some species are herbaceous perennial Holly ( Ilex) is a Genus of about 600 Species of Flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only Magnolia is a large Genus of about 210 Flowering plant Species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the family Acer ( maple) is a Genus of Trees or Shrubs They are variously classified in a family of their own the Aceraceae, or Other major garden features include collections of herbaceous and aquatic plants, the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, the Asian Collections, the Conifer Collections, native plant collections, the National Herb Garden and the 'National Grove' of all the designated State Trees. Bonsai (盆栽 literally "potted plant" is the art of Aesthetic miniaturization of Trees by growing them in containers Penjing ( also known as penzai ( tray landscape, potted scenery, potted landscape, and miniature trees and rockery is the This List of US state trees includes official trees of the following states and U
- University of Wisconsin Arboretum
The University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum in Madison, Wisconsin is a study collection devoted to ecology rather than systematics. The University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum,, is an Arboretum operated by the University of Wisconsin-Madison and located at 1207 Seminole Highway Madison Madison is the capital of the US state of Wisconsin and the County seat of Dane County. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Founded in the 1930s, it was a Civilian Conservation Corps project which restored a body of land to its presettlement state. Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC) was a Work relief program for young men from unemployed families established on March 21, 1933, by U Portions of the Walt Disney nature documentary, "The Vanishing Prairie", were filmed there, notably the prairie fire, filmed during a controlled burn at the Arboretum. Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality
- Washington Park Arboretum
The Washington Park Arboretum at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington was established in 1934 as a public space that would agreed upon by the University of Washington and the City of Seattle. An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another Washington Park is a Public park in Seattle Washington, USA, most of which is taken up by the Washington Park Arboretum, a joint project Washington Park is a Public park in Seattle Washington, USA, most of which is taken up by the Washington Park Arboretum, a joint project See Washington (disambiguation for other uses The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research University Seattle at the time had in its possession a 500+ ha (1200+ acre) park known as Washington park located in the central portion of the city, and the University was given authority to design, construct, plant, and manage an Arboretum and Botanical Garden in this park. Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes It has been a popular destination of Seattlites ever since. In 2005, the Washington Park Arboretum, as well as the University of Washington's Center for Urban Horticulture, Elisabeth C. Miller Library, Otis Hyde Herbarium and Union Bay Natural Area, began operating under the umbrella of the University of Washington Botanic Gardens.
See also
- List of botanical gardens and arboretums in the United States
- Landscape architecture
- Landscaping
- Tree
- Wood
- Xylotheque
External links
- Arboretum of Los Angeles County, Arcadia,CA
- National Swiss Arboretum, Aubonne
- Arboretum Mustila, Finland
- The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Bailey Arboretum ("The Teaching Arboretum"), Lattingtown, NY
- The Batsford Arboretum, Gloucestershire
- Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest
- Boyce Thompson Arboretum, Superior, AZ
- Carleton College's Cowling Arboretum, Northfield, MN
- Currency Creek Arboretum - Eucalypt Research
- Dawes Arboretum, Newark, OH
- Derby Arboretum website, with full history
- Dominium Arboretum, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Eastwoodhill arboretum, Gisborne, New Zealand
- The Arboretum at Flagstaff
- Universidad Francisco Marroquin Arboretum, Guatemala, Guatemala
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States
- Hoyt Arboretum, Portland, Oregon, United States
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, United States
- Raulston Arboretum, Raleigh, NC
- Arborétum Mlyňany, Slovakia
- Nichols Arboretum, Ann Arbor, MI
- The North Carolina Arboretum, Asheville, NC
- Shaw Nature Reserve
- UIUC Arboretum, Urbana, IL
- U.S. National Arboretum, Washington D.C.
- Westonbirt Arboretum Forestry Commission
- Friends of Westonbirt Arboretum
- Morgan Arboretum, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec
- The Great Lakes Forestry Centre Arboretum, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
- Xiloteca Manuel Soler
- The University of Guelph Arboretum, Guelph, Ontario
- The National Memorial Arboretum, Stafforshire, UK
- The National Memorial Arboretum
- The Wofford Arboretum, Spartanburg, SC
Dictionary
arboretum
-noun
- A place where many varieties of trees are grown for research, educational, and ornamental purposes.
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