| Aramaeans | |
| Ancient Aramaeans | |
| Modern Aramaeans | |
| Aramaic alphabet | |
| Aramaic language | |
| Aramaean kingdoms | |
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• Aram-Naharaim • Aram Maacha |
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| Aramaean kings | |
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• Abgar • Reson |
Aram Damascus was an Aramaean state centered around Damascus in Syria, from the late 12th century BCE to 734 BCE. The Aramaeans (also Arameans) ( Aramaic / Syriac: ܐܪܡܝܐ, Ārāmāye' were a Semitic (West Semitic language group The Aramean-Syriac people ( Syriac: arc [[arcܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ]]) are an Ethnic group who are widely The Aramaic alphabet is an Abjad, a Consonantal Alphabet, used for writing Aramaic. Aramaic is a Semitic language with The Aramaean kingdoms were many The following were Aram-Naharaim Aram Maacha Aram Geschur Aram-Naharaim or "Aram of Two Rivers" is a region that is mentioned five times in the Hebrew Bible. Aram maacha was an Aramaean kingdom Referenced Aram Ceschur was an Aramaean kingdom located in houran Referenced Paddan Aram was an early Aramean kingdom in Mesopotamia. Paddan Aram in Aramaic mean the field of Aram Aram Rehob was an early Aramaean kingdom of which the chief city was Rehob or Beth-Rehob associated with Aram- Zobah as hostile to King David. Zobah or Aram-Zobah (Hebrew ארם צובא or ארם צובה was the capital of an early Aramean state in southern Syria, at one time of considerable Osroene (also spelled Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac:ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܣܪܐ ܥܝܢܐ Malkuṯā d-Bēt ʿŌsrā ʿĪnē The Aramaean kings were many and many of them are mentioned in the Bible. For the other historical kings Abgar of Osroene see Osroene. Abgar V or Abgarus V of Edessa (4 BC - AD 7 and AD 13 - 50 Reson was an Aramaean king Hezjon was an Aramaean king Tabrimmon, also as Tabrimon, was an Aramaean king, but there is little we know about him Ben Hadad means Son of Hadad in Hebrew, and may refer to Any king of Aram Damascus. Hadadezer (" Hadad is my help" also known as Adad-Idri ( Assyr Bar-Hadad III ( Aram) or Ben-Hadad III ( Heb) was the son of Hazael, and succeeded him after his death as king of Aram Damascus. Hazael ( Hebrew Hazael meaning " God has seen" was a court official and later an Aramean king who appeared in the Bible Hadadezer (" Hadad is my help" also known as Adad-Idri ( Assyr The Aramaeans (also Arameans) ( Aramaic / Syriac: ܐܪܡܝܐ, Ārāmāye' were a Semitic (West Semitic language group Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية
Sources for this state come from texts that can be divided into three categories: Assyrian annals, Aramaean texts, and the Hebrew Bible. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written in Biblical Hebrew (and the related Biblical Aramaic
The largest portion of the textual sources come from Assyria. There are, however, often several copies of the same texts. Most of the texts are annals from the Assyrian kings Shalmaneser III, Adad-Nirari III, and Tiglath-Pileser III. Annals ( Latin Annales, from annus, a year are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically year by year Shalmaneser III ( Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god Shulmanu is pre-eminent" was king of Assyria (859 BC-824 BC and son of the previous ruler Adad-nirari III (also Adad-narari) was King of Assyria from 811 to 783 BC Tiglath-Pileser III (from the Hebraic form of Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my trust is in the son of Esharra" was a prominent king The texts mention Aram-Damascus from an Assyrian perspective, but are in many ways informative of the strength of the state, and give us several names of its rulers.
Aramaean royal inscriptions are rare, and only one royal stele from Aram-Damascus proper has been identified — the Tel Dan Stele. A stele (from Greek:, stēlē, ˈstiːli plural stelae,, stēlai, ˈstiːlaɪ also found Latinised singular stela The Tel Dan Stele is a black Basalt Stele erected by an Aramaean king in northernmost Israel, containing an Aramaic inscription to Other sources in Aramaic that shed light on the history of Aram-Damascus include two "booty inscriptions" from Eritrea and Samos, and the Zakkur stele. Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in Samos (Σάμος is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off The Stele of Zakkur (or Zakir) is a royal Stele discovered in 1903 at Tell Afis, 45km southeast of Aleppo, in the territory of the ancient kingdom
The Hebrew Bible gives more detailed accounts of Aram-Damascus' history, mainly in its interaction with Israel, however, these accounts have been dated much later. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
The sources for the early history of Aram-Damascus are almost nonexistent. In an annal dating to Tiglath-Pileser I (1114-1076 BCE), we learn that Aramaean people have begun settling in the southern half of Syria. Tiglath-Pileser I (from the Hebraic form of Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my trust is in the son of Esharra " was a king There are also texts of the Bible mentioning David's battles against Aramaeans in southern Syria in the 10th century BCE. David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible
The first reliable data can be found in the 9th century BCE when Aramaean, Assyrian, and Hebrew texts all mention a state with its capital in Damascus. The state seems to have reached its peak in the late 9th century BCE under Hazael, who, according to Assyrian texts, fought against the Assyrians, and according to Aramaean texts, had some influence over the north Syrian state Unqi, and according to Hebrew texts, conquered all of Israel. Hazael ( Hebrew Hazael meaning " God has seen" was a court official and later an Aramean king who appeared in the Bible For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
Archaeological evidence of Aram-Damascus is close to nothing. Excavations in Damascus are hard to perform, owing to the continuous settlement of the city. Other cities of Aram-Damascus have not been positively identified from textual sources, and excavations of Iron Age sites around Damascus are almost nonexistent. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. The material culture at sites farther south (e. g. Tell-Ashtara, Tell er-Rumeith, et-Tell, Tel-Dan, Tell el-Oreme, to name but a few) do not show many features distinguishing from the material culture of northern Israel. Tell-Ashtara, or Tell-'Ashtara, also Aštartu, was a site south of Damascus mentioned in the Amarna letters correspondence of 1350 BC Et-Tell is an archaeological site in Palestine that is popularly thought to be the Biblical city of Ai. Tel Dan ("Mound of Dan" תל דן in Hebrew) also known as Tel el-Qadi ( Mound of the Judge in Arabic, literal translation of the Hebrew
Kings of Aram Damascus
- Hadadezer 880-842 BCE
- Hazael 842-805 or 796 BCE
- Ben-Hadad III 796 to 792 BCE
See also
References
Hadadezer (" Hadad is my help" also known as Adad-Idri ( Assyr Hazael ( Hebrew Hazael meaning " God has seen" was a court official and later an Aramean king who appeared in the Bible Bar-Hadad III ( Aram) or Ben-Hadad III ( Heb) was the son of Hazael, and succeeded him after his death as king of Aram Damascus. Aram is the name of a region mentioned in the Bible located in central Syria, including where the city of Aleppo (aka Halab now stands Aram-Naharaim or "Aram of Two Rivers" is a region that is mentioned five times in the Hebrew Bible. Aram Rehob was an early Aramaean kingdom of which the chief city was Rehob or Beth-Rehob associated with Aram- Zobah as hostile to King David.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic