| Aramaeans | |
| Ancient Aramaeans | |
| Modern Aramaeans | |
| Aramaic alphabet | |
| Aramaic language | |
| Aramaean kingdoms | |
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• Aram-Naharaim • Aram Maacha |
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| Aramaean kings | |
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• Abgar • Reson |
Aram-Naharaim or "Aram of Two Rivers," is a region that is mentioned five times in the Hebrew Bible. The Aramaeans (also Arameans) ( Aramaic / Syriac: ܐܪܡܝܐ, Ārāmāye' were a Semitic (West Semitic language group The Aramean-Syriac people ( Syriac: arc [[arcܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ]]) are an Ethnic group who are widely The Aramaic alphabet is an Abjad, a Consonantal Alphabet, used for writing Aramaic. Aramaic is a Semitic language with The Aramaean kingdoms were many The following were Aram-Naharaim Aram Maacha Aram Geschur Aram maacha was an Aramaean kingdom Referenced Aram Ceschur was an Aramaean kingdom located in houran Referenced Aram Damascus was an Aramaean state centered around Damascus in Syria, from the late 12th century BCE to 734 BCE Paddan Aram was an early Aramean kingdom in Mesopotamia. Paddan Aram in Aramaic mean the field of Aram Aram Rehob was an early Aramaean kingdom of which the chief city was Rehob or Beth-Rehob associated with Aram- Zobah as hostile to King David. Zobah or Aram-Zobah (Hebrew ארם צובא or ארם צובה was the capital of an early Aramean state in southern Syria, at one time of considerable Osroene (also spelled Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac:ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܣܪܐ ܥܝܢܐ Malkuṯā d-Bēt ʿŌsrā ʿĪnē The Aramaean kings were many and many of them are mentioned in the Bible. For the other historical kings Abgar of Osroene see Osroene. Abgar V or Abgarus V of Edessa (4 BC - AD 7 and AD 13 - 50 Reson was an Aramaean king Hezjon was an Aramaean king Tabrimmon, also as Tabrimon, was an Aramaean king, but there is little we know about him Ben Hadad means Son of Hadad in Hebrew, and may refer to Any king of Aram Damascus. Hadadezer (" Hadad is my help" also known as Adad-Idri ( Assyr Bar-Hadad III ( Aram) or Ben-Hadad III ( Heb) was the son of Hazael, and succeeded him after his death as king of Aram Damascus. Hazael ( Hebrew Hazael meaning " God has seen" was a court official and later an Aramean king who appeared in the Bible Hadadezer (" Hadad is my help" also known as Adad-Idri ( Assyr See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is It is commonly identified with Nahrima mentioned in three tablets of the Amarna correspondence as a geographical description of the kingdom of Mitanni. The site of Amarna (commonly known as el-Amarna or incorrectly as Tel el-Amarna; see below ( Arabic: العمارنة al-‘amārnah) is located Mitanni ( Hittite cuneiform, also Mittani) or Hanigalbat ( Assyrian Hanigalbat Khanigalbat cuneiform) It was the land in which the city of Haran lay. For the village in Azerbaijan see Haran Azerbaijan. In the Bible, Haran is the name of a man and of a place According to one rabbinical Jewish tradition, Ur Kasdim, said to be the birthplace of Abraham, was also situated in Aram-Naharaim. Ur Kaśdim or Ur of the Chaldees (אור כשדים is the town in the Hebrew Bible and related literature where Abraham ( origin Abraham ( Ashkenazi Avrohom or Avruhom; ابراهيم, {{Unicode|Ibrāhīm}}; Ge'ez: [1]
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Identification of the two rivers
The actual rivers referred to are not explicitly named in the Bible, although it is generally agreed that the first was the Upper Euphrates (called N-h-r-n by the Egyptians). The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Naharin, MdC transliteration nhrn, was the Ancient Egyptian term for the kingdom of Mitanni during the New Kingdom period of the 18th Dynasty The name Nahrima in the Amarna letters denoted the region of the Upper Euphrates and its tributaries - the Balikh and Khabur. The site of Amarna (commonly known as el-Amarna or incorrectly as Tel el-Amarna; see below ( Arabic: العمارنة al-‘amārnah) is located The Balikh River (kurd Belih originates in Turkey between the Euphrates and Karaca dağ (mountain flows almost due south and empties in Syria into The Khabur River (also Habur Habor Kebar Chebar Chaboras; Aramaic: ܚܒܘܪ, Kurdish: Çemê Xabûr, Turkish: Habur
Both Josephus and the Septuagint translate the name as Mesopotamia. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the Ancient writers elsewhere used the name "Mesopotamia" for the land between the Tigris and Euphrates. The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern According to the Book of Jubilees, when the entire Earth was divided among the sixteen grandsons of Noah, Aram, the son of Shem received as an inheritance for his offspring, lands bordered by the Euphrates and the Tigris (Jubilees 9:5); it also associates the city of Ur Kesed not with the descendants of Aram, but rather with those of Arphaxad, his brother, who was Abram's ancestor. Jubilee The Book of Jubilees (ספר היובלים sometimes called the Lesser Genesis ( Leptogenesis) is an ancient Jewish religious work considered Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of Aram (אֲרָם or ʾĂrām was a son of Shem, according to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10 of the Hebrew Bible, as well as the father of Shem (; Greek: Σημ, Sēm; Arabic: ar سام; Ge'ez: ሴም Sēm; "renown prosperity name" Arpachshad or Arphaxad or Arphacsad (; Arabic: أرفخشذ, Ārfakhshad; "healer" "releaser" was one of the
However the usage of the Hebrew name "Aram-Naharaim" does not match the general usage of "Mesopotamia", the former being used exclusively for a northern region. Moreover the translation of the name as "Mesopotamia" was not consistent - the Septuagint also uses a more precise translation "Mesopotamia of Syria" as well as "Rivers of Syria". Josephus refers to the subjects of Chushan, king of Aram Naharaim,[2] as "Assyrians". Chushan-Rishathaim (כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַיִם was king of Aram Naharaim or Northwest Mesopotamia. [3]
Hebrew has a distinct name Ashur for the region of Assyria containing the Tigris. Aram Naharaim lay west of Ashur as it contained Haran. Haran itself lies on the west bank of the Balikh, east of the Upper Euphrates. The traditional Jewish location of Ur Kasdim (at Edessa) and the Balikh itself lie west of the Khabur implying that the second river was understood to be the latter by those maintaining this tradition. Edessa ( Greek:) is the historical name of a Syriac town in northern Mesopotamia, refounded on an ancient site by Seleucus I Nicator
See also
- Beth Nahrain
- Assyria
- Aram (Biblical region)
- Aram Damascus
- Aram Rehob
- Aramaeanism
- Aramaeans
- Aramean-Syriac people
External links
References
- ^ Ramban on Lech Lecha [1]
- ^ Judges 3:8
- ^ Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book 5, Chapter 3:2. Beth Nahrain ( Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ "the house/land of the two rivers" is the Syriac name for Mesopotamia Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Aram is the name of a region mentioned in the Bible located in central Syria, including where the city of Aleppo (aka Halab now stands Aram Damascus was an Aramaean state centered around Damascus in Syria, from the late 12th century BCE to 734 BCE Aram Rehob was an early Aramaean kingdom of which the chief city was Rehob or Beth-Rehob associated with Aram- Zobah as hostile to King David. The various communities of adherents of Syriac Christianity and speakers of Neo-Syriac advocate different terms for ethnic self-designation "Assyrians" The Aramaeans (also Arameans) ( Aramaic / Syriac: ܐܪܡܝܐ, Ārāmāye' were a Semitic (West Semitic language group The Aramean-Syriac people ( Syriac: arc [[arcܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ]]) are an Ethnic group who are widely [2]
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