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This article is about the genus. For the model organism, see Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis thaliana ( A-ra-bi-dóp-sis tha-li-á-na; thale cress, mouse-ear cress or Arabidopsis) is a small
Arabidopsis
Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Arabidopsis
Heynh. Arabidopsis thaliana ( A-ra-bi-dóp-sis tha-li-á-na; thale cress, mouse-ear cress or Arabidopsis) is a small Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The Brassicales are an order of Flowering plants belonging to the Eurosids II group of Dicotyledons under the APG II system Brassicaceae or Cruciferae, also known as the crucifers, the mustard family or cabbage family is a family (the third lowest primary in Holl & Heynh.
Species

See text.

Arabidopsis (A-ra-bi-dóp-sis, rockcress) is a genus in the family Brassicaceae. Syllable stress of botanical names varies with the language spoken Brassicaceae or Cruciferae, also known as the crucifers, the mustard family or cabbage family is a family (the third lowest primary They are small flowering plants related to cabbage and mustard. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group The cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var capitata) is a leafy garden plant of the Family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae used as a For the prepared condiment see Mustard (condiment. For other uses of the term "mustard" see Mustard. This genus is of great interest since it contains thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced. Arabidopsis thaliana ( A-ra-bi-dóp-sis tha-li-á-na; thale cress, mouse-ear cress or Arabidopsis) is a small A model organism is a Species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological Phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made Changes in thale cress are easily observed, making it a very useful model.

Contents

Status

Currently the genus Arabidopsis has nine species and a further eight subspecies recognised. This delimitation is quite recent, and is based on morphological and molecular phylogenies by O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (1997, 2003) and others.

Their findings confirm that the species formerly included in Arabidopsis made it polyphyletic. In Phylogenetics, a Taxon is polyphyletic ( Greek for "of many races" if the trait its members have in common evolved separately in different The most recent reclassification moves two species previously placed in Cardaminopsis and Hylandra and three species of Arabis into Arabidopsis, but excludes 50 species that have been moved into the new genera Beringia, Crucihimalaya, Ianhedgea, Olimarabidopsis, and Pseudoarabidopsis. A Cruciferous plant a brassica related to oil seeds Its origin is Sweedish to Linnaeus "Hylandra Á Arabis ( rockcress) is a Genus of Flowering plants within the family Brassicaceae, subfamily Brassicoideae.

All of the species in Arabidopsis are indigenous to Europe, while two of the species have broad ranges also extending into North America and Asia.

In the last two decades, A. thaliana has gained much interest from the scientific community as a model organism for research in plant systematics. A model organism is a Species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological Phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made In Europe, the model organism resource centre for Arabidopsis germplasm, bioinformatics and molecular biology resources (including GeneChips) is the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre – NASC. A germplasm is a collection of genetic resources for an organism Bioinformatics is the application of information technology to the field of molecular biology Molecular biology is the study of Biology at a molecular level The Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC provides seed and information resources to the International Arabidopsis Genome Project and the wider research community

List of species and subspecies

A. arenosa subsp. arenosa
Distribution: Europe: native in Austria, Belarus, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, NE France, Germany, Hungary, N Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia; naturalized in Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Russia and W Siberia, and Sweden; absent in Albania, Greece, C and S Italy, and Turkey.
A. arenosa subsp. borbasii
Distribution: E Belgium, Czech Republic, NE France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine. Doubtfully occurring in Denmark.
Distribution: SE France.
Distribution: Bosnia, Croatia.
A. halleri subsp. halleri
Distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, N and C Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, and S Ukraine. Probably introduced in N France and extinct in Belgium.
A. halleri subsp. ovirensis (Wulfen)
Distribution: Albania, Austria, NE Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, SW Ukraine, Yugoslavia.
A. halleri subsp. gemmifera (Matsumura)
Distribution: Russian Far East, northeastern China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.
A. lyrata subsp. lyrata
Distribution: NE European Russia, Alaska, Canada (Ontario west into British Columbia), and southeastern and central United States (Vermont south into northern Georgia and Mississippi northward into Missouri and Minnesota).
A. lyrata subsp. petraea (Linnaeus) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz
Distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, England, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, N. Italy, Norway, Russia (NW Russia, Siberia and Far East), Scotland, Sweden, Ukraine, boreal North America (Alaska and Yukon). Apparently extinct in Poland.
A. lyrata subsp. kamchatica (Fischer ex D. C. ) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz
Distribution: boreal Alaska, Canada (Yukon, Mackenzie District, British Columbia, northern Saskatchewan), Aleutian Islands, eastern Siberia, the Russian Far East, Korea, northern China, Japan, and Taiwan.
Distribution: Carpathian Mountains (Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and adjacent Ukraine).
Distribution: northwestern Italy and, presumably extinct, in adjacent SW Switzerland.
Distribution: Fennoscandinavia and the Baltic region.
Distribution: native range almost all Europe to central Asia, now naturalized worldwide.

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetic analysis has shown that the haploid chromosome number is variable and can be n = 5, 8, 13, and 16. Cytogenetics is a branch of Genetics that is concerned with the study of chromosomes and cell division "Haplo" redirects here For the fictional character see The Death Gate Cycle. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and Protein that is found in cells.

A. thaliana is n=5 and the DNA sequencing of this species was completed in 2001.

A. suecica is n=13 and is an amphidiploid species originated through hybridization between A. Polyploidy occurs in cells and Organisms when there are more than two homologous sets of Chromosomes. thaliana and diploid A. arenosa.

A. neglecta is n=8 as are the various subspecies of A. halleri.

Various subspecies of A. lyrata and A. arenosa can be either n=8 (diploid) or n=16 (tetraploid).

As of 2005, A. cebennensis, A. croatica and A. pedemontana have not been investigated cytologically.

Reclassified species

The following species previously placed in Arabidopsis are not currently considered part of the genus.

Sources

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