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OSI Model
7 Application layer
6 Presentation layer
5 Session layer
4 Transport layer
3 Network layer
2 Data link layer
1 Physical layer

The application layer is the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model, and the fifth layer of the five-layer TCP/IP model. The Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer Network protocol The Presentation Layer is the sixth level of the seven layer OSI model. In Computer networking, the Transport Layer is a group of methods and protocols within a layered architecture of network components within which it is responsible for encapsulating The Network Layer is Layer 3 (of seven in the OSI model of networking The Data Link Layer is Layer 2 of the seven-layer OSI model. It responds to service requests from the Network Layer and issues service requests to the According to the IEEE 802 family of standards Logical Link Control ( LLC) is the upper sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer. The Media Access Control (MAC Data communication protocol sub-layer also known as the Medium Access Control is a sublayer of the Data Link Layer specified in the The Physical Layer is the first level in the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. The Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer Network protocol It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the presentation layer. The Presentation Layer is the sixth level of the seven layer OSI model.

The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols. In open systems, a virtual terminal ( VT) is an Application service that Allows host terminals on a multi- user Batch processing is execution of a series of programs (" jobs quot on a Computer without human interaction

The application layer of the four-layer and five-layer TCP/IP models corresponds to the application layer, the presentation layer and session layer in the seven layer OSI model. The TCP/IP model is a specification for computer network protocols created in the 1970s by DARPA, an agency of the United States Department of Defense. The Presentation Layer is the sixth level of the seven layer OSI model.

Examples

External links

9P (or the Plan 9 Filesystem Protocol or Styx) is a Network protocol developed for the Plan 9 from Bell Labs Distributed operating system Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a Distributed operating system, primarily used for research The Apple Filing Protocol ( AFP) is a layer 6 ( Presentation layer) network protocol that offers file services for Mac OS X and original Mac In Computing, Advanced Program to Program Communication or APPC is a protocol which Computer programs can use to communicate over a network The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol ( AMQP) is an Open standard Application layer protocol for Message Oriented Middleware. BitTorrent is a Peer-to-peer File sharing protocol used to distribute large amounts of Data. The name Atom applies to a pair of related standards The Atom Syndication Format is an XML language used for Web feeds while the Atom Publishing In Computing, Bootstrap Protocol, or BOOTP, is a UDP network protocol used by a network client to obtain its IP address automatically For other protocols of the same name see CFDP. Coherent File Distribution Protocol (CFDP is an IETF -documented experimental protocol intended for Data Distribution Service for Real-time Systems ( DDS) is a specification of a Publish/subscribe Middleware for Distributed systems created in DeviceNet is a communication protocol used in the automation industry to interconnect control devices for data exchange The Domain Name System (DNS is a hierarchical naming system for computers services or any resource participating in the Internet. The Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol is used by the Reliable server pooling (RSerPool framework for the communication between Pool Registrars to maintain and FastTrack is a Peer-to-peer (P2P protocol, used by the Kazaa (and variants Grokster and IMesh) File sharing programs In Computer networking, the Name/Finger protocol and the Finger user information protocol are simple Network protocols for the exchange of human-oriented Freenet is a decentralized Censorship -resistant Distributed data store originally designed by Ian Clarke. FTAM, ISO standard 8571 is an OSI Application layer protocol for File Transfer Access and Management. For other uses see Gopher. Gopher is a distributed Document search and retrieval Network protocol designed Health Level Seven ( HL7) is an all-volunteer Not-for-profit organization involved in development of international Healthcare standards Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP) is a Communications protocol for the transfer of information on the Internet. H323 is an umbrella Recommendation from the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T that defines the protocols to provide Audio-visual communication The Internet Message Access Protocol or IMAP is one of the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for E-mail retrieval the other being POP3 Kademlia is a Distributed hash table for decentralized Peer to peer Computer networks designed by Petar Maymounkov and David Mazières The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, or LDAP (ˈɛl dæp is an Application protocol for querying and modifying Directory services running over The Line Printer Daemon protocol/Line Printer Remote protocol (or LPD, LPR) also known as the Berkeley printing system, is a set of programs that provide Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions ( MIME) is an Internet standard that extends the format of e-mail to support text in Character Modbus is a serial Communications protocol published by Modicon in 1979 for use with its Programmable logic controllers (PLCs NETCONF is a Network management protocol developed in the IETF by the Netconf working group Network File System (NFS is a Network file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1983 allowing a user on a client Computer to access The Network Information Service or NIS (originally called Yellow Pages or YP) consists of a Client-server Directory service protocol The Network News Transfer Protocol or NNTP is an Internet application protocol used primarily for reading The National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol (NTCIP is a family of standards designed to achieve Interoperability and Interchangeability The Network Time Protocol ( NTP) is a protocol for distributing the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC by means of synchronizing the clocks of computer systems OSCAR is AOL 's flagship Instant messaging and Presence information protocol standing for O pen S ystem for C ommunic' This article needs more context around or a better explanation of technical details to make it more accessible to general readers In Computing, local E-mail clients use the Post Office Protocol version 3 ( POP3) an application-layer Internet standard protocol In Computing, rlogin is a Unix software utility that allows users to log in on another host via a network, communicating via The Real Time Streaming Protocol ( RTSP) developed by the IETF and created in 1998 as RFC 2326 is a protocol for use in Streaming media Session Announcement Protocol ( SAP) is a protocol for broadcasting Multicast session information Session Description Protocol ( SDP) is a format for describing Streaming media initialization parameters in an The Session Initiation Protocol ( SIP) is a signalling protocol widely used for setting up and tearing down Multimedia Communication sessions The Service Location Protocol (SLP srvloc is a Service discovery protocol that allows computers and other devices to find services in a Local area network In Computer networking, Server Message Block ( SMB) operates as an application-level network protocol mainly used to provide Shared access Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ( SMTP) is a De facto standard for electronic mail (e-mail transmissions across the Internet. Simple Network Management Protocol ( SNMP) forms part of the Internet protocol suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF The Network Time Protocol ( NTP) is a protocol for distributing the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC by means of synchronizing the clocks of computer systems Remote Desktop Protocol ( RDP) is a multi-channel protocol that allows a user to connect to a computer running Microsoft Terminal Services. Transaction Capabilities Application Part from ITU-T recommendations Q Tabular Data Stream ( TDS) is an Application layer protocol, used to transfer data between a Database server and a client Telnet ( Tel ecommunication net work is a Network protocol used on the Internet or local area network (LAN connections Trivial File Transport Protocol ( TFTP) is a very simple file transfer protocol, with the functionality of a very basic form of FTP; it was The Time-Stamp Protocol, or TSP is a Cryptographic protocol for certifying timestamps using X Waka is a new Application protocol intended as "a binary token-based replacement for HTTP WHOIS (pronounced " who is " not an acronym is a query/response protocol which is widely used for querying an official Database in order to determine Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning, or WebDAV, is a set of extensions to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP that allows users to collaboratively edit X400 is a suite of ITU-T Recommendations that define standards for Data Communication Networks for Message Handling Systems (MHS — more commonly known as " E-mail X500 is a series of computer networking standards covering electronic Directory services The X Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol ( XMPP) is an open XML -inspired protocol originally aimed at near-real-time extensible Instant messaging
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