| Apple Inc. | |
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| Type | Public (NASDAQ: AAPL, LSE: 0HDZ, FWB: APC) |
| Founded | California, USA (April 1, 1976, as Apple Computer, Inc. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American Stock exchange. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ) |
| Headquarters |  1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California |
| Key people | Steve Jobs, CEO & Co-founder Steve Wozniak, Co-founder Timothy D. Cook, COO Peter Oppenheimer, CFO Philip W. Schiller, SVP Marketing Jonathan Ive, SVP Industrial Design Tony Fadell, SVP iPod Division Ron Johnson, SVP Retail Sina Tamaddon, SVP Applications Bertrand Serlet, SVP Software Engineering Scott Forstall, VP Platform Experience |
| Industry | Computer hardware Computer software Consumer electronics |
| Products | Mac (personal computer series), Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, iPod, QuickTime, iTunes, iLife, iWork, Safari, Apple Remote Desktop, Xsan, Final Cut Studio, Aperture, Logic Studio, Cinema Display, AirPort, Apple Mighty Mouse, Xserve, iPhone, Apple TV |
| Revenue | US$24. An infinite loop is a sequence of instructions in a computer program which loops endlessly either due to the loop having no terminating condition or having one that can Cupertino (ˌkuːpɚˈtiːnoʊ is a Suburban city in Santa Clara County, California, U Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Timothy D Cook is the Chief Operating Officer of Apple Inc and he reports to the CEO, Steve Jobs. A chief operating officer or chief operations officer ( COO) is a Corporate officer responsible for managing the day-to-day activities of the Corporation Peter Oppenheimer is Apple Inc's senior vice president and Chief Financial Officer. Philip W Schiller (born 1960 is the senior vice president of worldwide Product marketing at Apple Inc __FORCETOC__ For the Vice President of the United States, their roles and other information see Vice President of the United States. In popular usage "marketing" is the promotion of products especially Advertising and Branding However in professional usage the term has a wider meaning of Jonathan Paul Ive CBE (born February 1967 is a British designer and the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc Industrial design is an Applied art whereby the Aesthetics and Usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and Anthony M Fadell (born 1969 is the Senior Vice President of the iPod Division at Apple Inc iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc Ron Johnson is the Senior Vice President of Retail Operations at Apple Computer. Sina Tamaddon is the Senior Vice President of Applications for Apple Computer. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform Bertrand Serlet is Senior Vice President of Software Engineering at Apple Inc. Software engineering is the application of a systematic disciplined quantifiable approach to the development operation and maintenance of Software. Scott Forstall is senior vice president of IPhone software at Apple Inc. In Computing, a platform describes some sort of Hardware architecture or Software framework (including Application frameworks, that allows For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Typical PC hardware A typical Personal computer consists of a case or chassis in a tower shape (desktop and the following parts Motherboard Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Mac OS X Server is the server-oriented version of Apple 's Operating system, Mac OS X. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc QuickTime is a Multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc, capable of handling various formats of Digital video, Media clips sound text iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc iLife is a suite of Multimedia Software applications created by Apple Inc iWork is a suite of applications created by Apple Inc, containing Pages, a Word processing and Desktop publishing application Keynote Safari is a Web browser developed by Apple Inc and included in Mac OS X. Apple Remote Desktop ( ARD) is a Macintosh application produced by Apple Inc Xsan is Apple Inc 's high-performance Clustered file system for Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server. Final Cut Studio is a professional video and audio production suite for Mac OS X from Apple Inc Logic Studio is a Music production suite by Apple Inc The first version of Logic Studio was unveiled on September 12, 2007. The Apple Cinema Display is a Product line of widescreen flat panel monitors made by Apple Inc An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land The Apple Mighty Mouse is a multi-button USB or Bluetooth mouse manufactured and sold by Apple Inc Xserve is the name of Apple Inc 's 1U rackmount line of server computers The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 01 billion ▲ (TTM FY 2007)[1] |
| Operating income | US$4. In Finance, the trailing twelve months ( TTM) is a moving measurement calculated using a company's interim or quarterly reports together with its annual report A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a period used for calculating annual ("yearly" Financial statements in Businesses In financial and business Accounting, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT is a measure of a firm's profitability that excludes interest and income tax expenses 41 billion ▲ (TTM FY 2007) (18. 37% operating margin)[1] |
| Net income | US$3. In Business, operating margin, Operating Income Margin, Operating profit margin or Return on sales (ROS is the ratio of Operating income Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. 50 billion ▲ (TTM FY 2007) (14. 56% profit margin)[1] |
| Employees | 17,787 full-time; 2,399 temporary (September 30, 2006)[2] |
| Website | Apple.com |
Apple Inc. Profit margin, Net Margin, Net profit margin or Net Profit Ratio all refer to a measure of Profitability. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages (NASDAQ: AAPL, LSE: 0HDZ, FWB: APC), formerly Apple Computer, Inc. The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American Stock exchange. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. , is an American multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing consumer electronics and closely related software products. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use The company's best-known hardware products include the Macintosh line of personal computers, the iPod line of portable media players, and the iPhone. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc Apple's software products include the Mac OS X operating system, iTunes media browser, the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software, and Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio- and film-industry software products. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc iLife is a suite of Multimedia Software applications created by Apple Inc Final Cut Studio is a professional video and audio production suite for Mac OS X from Apple Inc
As of September 2007, the company operates about 200 retail stores in five countries[3] and an online store where hardware and software products are sold. The Apple Store is a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc Additionally, the iTunes Store provides music, music videos, television programs, movies, podcasts, iPod games, and audiobooks, which can be downloaded using iTunes on Mac OS X or Windows, and also on the iPod touch and the iPhone. The iTunes Store is a software-based online Digital media store operated by Apple Inc A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U A podcast is a series of audio or Video digital-media files which is distributed over the Internet by syndicated Download iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc
The company was established in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976, and incorporated January 3, 1977,[4] was known as "Apple Computer, Inc. Cupertino (ˌkuːpɚˈtiːnoʊ is a Suburban city in Santa Clara County, California, U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays " for its first 30 years. On January 9, 2007, the company dropped "Computer" from its corporate name,[5] reflecting the company's ongoing expansion into the consumer electronics market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use [6] Apple employs over 20,000 permanent and temporary workers worldwide[2] and had worldwide annual sales in its fiscal year 2007 (ending September 29, 2007) of US$24. A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a period used for calculating annual ("yearly" Financial statements in Businesses Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 01 billion. [1] For a variety of reasons, ranging from its philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design to its distinctive advertising campaigns, Apple has engendered a unique reputation in the consumer electronics industry. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Industrial design is an Applied art whereby the Aesthetics and Usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and In the past two decades Apple Inc has become appreciated for the "artistic" and free-thinking messages of its advertisements, which reflect a business Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use This includes a customer base, particularly in the United States, that is unusually devoted to the company and its brand. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [7]
Contents |
History
The company introduced the Apple II microcomputer in March 1977. 1975-1984 Jobs and Woz Pre-foundation Before Steve Wozniak co-founded Apple he was an electronics hacker microcomputer is a Computer with a Microprocessor as its Central processing unit. A few years later, in 1983, it introduced the Lisa, the first commercial personal computer to employ a graphical user interface (GUI), which was influenced in part by the Xerox Alto. For the MOS 6502 assembler for Apple II computers see Lisa assembler. The Xerox Alto was an early Personal computer developed at Xerox PARC in 1973. Lisa was also the first personal computer to have the mouse. In Computing, a mouse (plural mice, mouse devices, or mouses) In 1984, the Macintosh was introduced, which arguably advanced the concept of a new user-friendly graphical user interface. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc Apple's success with the Macintosh became a major influence in the development of graphical interfaces elsewhere, with major computer operating systems, such as the Commodore Amiga, and Atari ST, appearing on the market within two years of the introduction of the Macintosh. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Commodore, the commonly used name for Commodore International, was a US-American Electronics company based in West Chester Pennsylvania The Amiga is a family of Personal computers originally developed by Amiga Corporation. The Atari ST is a home / Personal computer that was commercially available from 1985 to the early 1990s
In 1991, Apple introduced the PowerBook line of portable computers. The PowerBook is a line of Macintosh Laptop Computers that was designed manufactured and sold by Apple Computer Inc A portable computer is a Computer that is designed to be moved from one place to another The 1990s also saw Apple's market share fall as competition from Microsoft Windows and the comparatively inexpensive IBM PC compatible computers that would eventually dominate the market. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. In the 2000s, Apple expanded its focus on software to include professional and prosumer video, music, and photo production solutions, with a view to promoting their products as a "digital hub". Prosumer is a Portmanteau formed by contracting either the word pro fessional or pro ducer with the word con' sumer'. It also introduced the iPod, the most popular digital music player in the world. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc [8]
1976 to 1980: The early years
Apple was founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne[9] to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation Ronald Gerald Wayne (born 1934 is often referred to as the "third founder" of Apple Computer (in addition to The Apple I, also known as the Apple-1, was an early Personal computer. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated They were hand-built by Steve Wozniak[10][11] in the living room of Jobs' parents' home, and the Apple I was first shown to the public at the Homebrew Computer Club. The Homebrew Computer Club was an early Computer Hobbyist club in Silicon Valley, which met (under that name from March 1975 to roughly 1977 [12] Eventually 200 computers were built. The Apple I was sold as a motherboard (with CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips)—not what is today considered a complete personal computer. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated [13] The user was required to provide two different AC input voltages (the manual recommended specific transformers), wire an ASCII keyboard (not provided with the computer) to a DIP connector (providing logic inverter and alpha lock chips in some cases), and to wire the video output pins to a monitor or to an RF modulator if a TV set was used. The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666. 66. [14][15][16][17] Wozniak says he came up with the $666. 66 price because he liked repeating digits. [18]
Jobs approached a local computer store, The Byte Shop, which ordered fifty units and paid US$500 for each unit after much persuasion. He then ordered components from Cramer Electronics, a national electronic parts distributor. Using a variety of methods, including borrowing space from friends and family and selling various items including a Volkswagen Type 2 bus, Jobs managed to secure the parts needed while Wozniak and Ronald Wayne assembled the Apple I. The Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. [19]
Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977[4] without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak, and with Mike Markkula, who provided essential business expertise and funding of US $250,000 during the formation of Apple. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Armas Clifford "Mike" Markkula Jr (born 1942 is the co-founder of Apple Computer [20]
The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast Computer Faire. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The West Coast Computer Faire was an annual computer industry conference and exposition most often associated with San Francisco, its first and most frequent venue It differed from its major rivals, the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, because it came with color graphics and an open architecture. TRS-80 was Tandy Corporation 's desktop Microcomputer model line sold through Tandy's Radio Shack stores in the late 1970s and early The PET ( P ersonal E lectronic T ransactor) was a home -/ Personal computer produced by Commodore starting in 1977 In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system While early models used ordinary cassette tapes as storage devices, this was quickly superseded by the introduction of a 5 1/4 inch floppy disk drive and interface, the Disk II. A floppy disk is an increasingly Obsolete data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin flexible ("floppy" Magnetic storage medium encased The Disk II was a 5¼-inch floppy disk drive designed by Steve Wozniak and manufactured by Apple Computer.
Another key to business for Apple was software. The Apple II was chosen by programmers Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston to be the desktop platform for the first "killer app" of the business world—the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. Daniel S Bricklin (born 16 July 1951) is the co-creator with Bob Frankston, of the VisiCalc Spreadsheet program Robert (Bob M Frankston (born June 14, 1949 in Brooklyn New York is the co-creator with Dan Bricklin of the VisiCalc spreadsheet A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app) in the jargon of computer programmers and video gamers has been used to refer to any Computer program VisiCalc was the first Spreadsheet program available for personal computers A spreadsheet is a Computer application that simulates a paper worksheet [21] VisiCalc created a business market for the Apple II, and the corporate market attracted many more software and hardware developers to the machine, as well as giving home users an additional reason to buy one—compatibility with the office. [21] (See the timeline for dates of Apple II family model releases—the 1977 Apple II and its younger siblings the II+, IIe, IIc, and IIGS. )
According to Brian Bagnall's book, "On the Edge" (pp. 109-112), Apple exaggerated its sales figures, and Apple was a distant third place until VisiCalc came along. VisiCalc was first released on Apple II because Commodore and Tandy computers were tied up in VisiCalc's software development office due to their popularity. VisiCalc's association with Apple was thus pure happenstance, not a technical decision. Even after VisiCalc, Apple II did not surpass the Tandy TRS-80, whose sales were helped by the large number of Radio Shack stores. TRS-80 was Tandy Corporation 's desktop Microcomputer model line sold through Tandy's Radio Shack stores in the late 1970s and early RadioShack Corporation (formerly Tandy Corporation) ( is a chain of electronics retail stores in the United States, as well as parts of North America However, VisiCalc did put Apple ahead of Commodore's PET, at least in the US. (Commodore later regained the lead for a while with the Commodore 64 in the mid 80s, the best selling specific model of computer to date. )[22]
By the end of the 1970s, Jobs and his partners had a staff of computer designers and a production line. For the Detroit Red Wings scoring line see Production line (hockey A production line is a set of sequential operations established The Apple II was succeeded by the Apple III in May 1980 as the company struggled to compete against IBM and Microsoft in the lucrative business and corporate computing market. The Apple III (often rendered as Apple ///) was a Personal computer aimed at business users manufactured and sold by Apple from May 1980 until its discontinuation International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer The designers of the Apple III were forced to comply with Jobs' request to omit the cooling fan, and this ultimately resulted in thousands of recalled units due to overheating. [23] An updated version, the Apple III+, was introduced in 1983, but it was also a failure due to bad press and wary buyers.
Apple's sustained growth during the early 1980s was partly due to its leadership in the education sector, attributed to their adaptation of the programming language LOGO, used in many schools with the Apple II. Logo is a Computer programming language used for Functional programming. The drive into education was accentuated in California with the donation of one Apple II and one Apple LOGO software package to each public school in the state. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The deal concluded between Steve Jobs and Jim Baroux of LCSI, and having required the support of Sacramento, established a strong and pervasive presence for Apple in all schools throughout California. The initial conquest of education environments was critical to Apple's acceptance in the home where the earliest purchases of computers by parents was in support of children's continued learning experience.
1981 to 1989: Lisa and Macintosh
Jobs and several other Apple employees including Jef Raskin visited Xerox PARC in December 1979 to see the Alto computer. 1984 is the American Television commercial which introduced the Macintosh Personal computer for the first time A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος alternatively cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer Nineteen Eighty-Four (also titled 1984) by George Orwell (the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair) is a 1949 English Novel Jef Raskin ( March 9, 1943 &ndash February 26, 2005) was an American Human-computer interface expert best-known for starting PARC (Palo Alto Research Center Inc formerly Xerox PARC, is a Research and development company in Palo Alto California that began as a division of The Xerox Alto was an early Personal computer developed at Xerox PARC in 1973. Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for selling them US$1 million in pre-IPO Apple stock (approximately US$18 million net). Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first
It is said that Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a GUI, and decided to turn over design of Apple's next project, the Apple Lisa, to produce such a device. For the MOS 6502 assembler for Apple II computers see Lisa assembler. The Lisa was named after Jobs' daughter (however, a bacronym,[24] Local Integrated Software Architecture, was coined). A backronym (or bacronym) is a Phrase that is constructed "after the fact" from a previously existing word or Abbreviation, the abbreviation He was eventually pushed from the group due to infighting, and instead took over Jef Raskin's low-cost computer project, the Macintosh. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc Branding the new effort as the product that would "save Apple", an intense turf war broke out between the Lisa's "corporate shirts" and Jobs' Macintosh "pirates", both teams claiming they would ship first and be more successful. Turf war is a term that describes a common problem in larger bureaucracies when two divisions fight for access to resources or capital In 1983 the Lisa team won the race and Apple introduced the first personal computer to be sold to the public with a GUI. However, the Lisa was a commercial failure as a result of its high price tag (US$9,995) and limited software titles. [24]
In 1984, drawing upon its experience with the Lisa, Apple next launched the Macintosh. The Macintosh is the original Apple Macintosh Personal computer. Its debut was announced by a single national broadcast of the now famous US$1. 5 million television commercial, "1984. 1984 is the American Television commercial which introduced the Macintosh Personal computer for the first time " It was directed by Ridley Scott, aired during the third quarter of Super Bowl XVIII on 22 January 1984,[25] and is now considered a "watershed event"[26] and a "masterpiece. Sir Ridley Scott (born November 30 1937 in South Shields, Tyne and Wear) is a British Academy Award Nominated and Golden Globe Emmy Award and BAFTA Award winning Super Bowl XVIII was an American football game that was played on January 22, 1984 at Tampa Stadium in Tampa Florida to decide Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) "[27] 1984 used an unnamed heroine to represent the coming of the Macintosh (indicated by her white tank top with a Picasso-style picture of Apple’s Macintosh computer on it) as a means of saving humanity from "conformity" (Big Brother). Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc Big Brother is a Fictional character in George Orwell 's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the [28] These images were an allusion to George Orwell's noted novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which described a dystopian future ruled by a televised "Big Brother. An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference or representation of or to a well-known person place event literary work myth, or work of art Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer Nineteen Eighty-Four (also titled 1984) by George Orwell (the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair) is a 1949 English Novel A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος alternatively cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society Big Brother is a Fictional character in George Orwell 's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the "
While the Macintosh initially sold well, follow-up sales were not particularly strong. [29] The machine's fortunes changed with the introduction of the LaserWriter, the first laser printer to be offered at a reasonable price point, and PageMaker, an early desktop publishing (DTP) package. The Apple LaserWriter was one of the first Laser printers available to the mass market A laser printer is a common type of Computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper PageMaker was the first Desktop publishing program introduced in 1985 by Aldus Corporation, initially for the Apple Macintosh but soon after also Desktop publishing (also known as DTP) combines a Personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout Software to create Publication Documents The Mac was particularly powerful in this market due to its advanced graphics capabilities, which were already necessarily built-in to create the intuitive Macintosh GUI. Intuition is apparent ability to acquire knowledge without a clear inference or the use of reason It has been suggested that the combination of these three products was responsible for the creation of the DTP market. [30] As DTP became widespread, Apple's sales reached a series of new highs, and the company had its initial public offering on September 7, 1984. Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar)
An internal power struggle developed between Jobs and new CEO John Sculley in 1985. John Sculley (born April 6 1939) is an American businessman Sculley was vice-president (1970-1977 and president of PepsiCo (1977-1983 until [31] Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and Jobs was removed from his managerial duties. [29] Jobs later resigned from Apple and founded NeXT Inc., a computer company that built machines with futuristic designs and ran the UNIX-derived NeXTStep operating system. NeXT Computer Inc (later NeXT Software Inc) was an American Computer company headquartered in Redwood City, California that Nextstep was the original object-oriented, multitasking Operating system that NeXT Computer developed to run on its range of proprietary computers Although powerful, NeXT computers never caught on with buyers, due in part to their high purchase price.
1989 to 1991: The "golden age"
Having learned several painful lessons after introducing the bulky Macintosh Portable in 1989, Apple introduced the PowerBook in 1991, which established the modern form and ergonomic layout of the laptop computer. The Macintosh Portable was Apple Computer 's first attempt at making a battery -powered portable Macintosh Personal computer that held The PowerBook is a line of Macintosh Laptop Computers that was designed manufactured and sold by Apple Computer Inc Ergonomics is the Scientific discipline concerned with Designing according to the human needs and the profession that applies theory principles data and methods A laptop computer, also known as a notebook computer, is a small Personal computer designed for mobile use. [32] The same year, Apple introduced System 7, a major upgrade to the operating system which added color to the interface, and introduced a number of new networking capabilities. System 7 (codenamed "Big Bang" and sometimes called Mac OS 7) is a single-user Graphical user interface -based Operating system for Macintosh It would remain the architectural basis for Mac OS until 2001.
The success of the PowerBook and several other Apple products during this period led to increasing revenue. [31] For some time, it appeared that Apple could do no wrong, introducing fresh new products and generating increasing profits in the process. The magazine MacAddict named the period between 1989 to 1991 the "first golden age" of the Macintosh. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Mac|Life is a US magazine focusing on the Apple Macintosh personal computer and related products including the IPod. The term Golden age is best known from Greek mythology and legend but can also be found in other ancient cultures (see below However, the continuing development of Microsoft Windows had given birth to an interface that was competitive with Apple's. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Combined with a huge base of low-cost computers and peripherals and an improving software suite, an increasing number of potential customers turned to the "Wintel" standard. Wintel (Now often referred to as "PC" is a term used to describe desktop Computers and servers of the type commonly used in homes and businesses since
Apple, relying on high profit margins to maintain their massive R&D budget, never developed a clear response. Instead they sued Microsoft for theft of intellectual property, in Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given Intellectual property ( IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical literary and artistic works inventions and symbols names [33] The lawsuit dragged on for years before finally being thrown out of court. A series of major product flops and missed deadlines destroyed Apple's reputation of invincibility, and consequently their market share dropped, particularly after the release of Windows 95. Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented Graphical user interface -based Operating system.
During this time, Apple branched out into consumer electronics. One example of this product diversification was the Apple QuickTake digital camera, one of the first digital cameras brought to the consumer market. A more famous example was the Newton, termed a "Personal digital assistant" or "PDA" by Sculley, that was introduced in 1993. The Apple Newton, or simply Newton, is the IPhone 's predecessor and was an early line of Personal digital assistants developed and marketed by A neologism (from Greek neo = "new" + logos = "word" is a word that although devised relatively recently in a specific time period has been Though it failed commercially, it defined and launched a new category of computing and was a forerunner of devices such as Palm Pilot, PocketPC, and eventually the iPhone. This is a new page about the Second Generation of Palm PDAs For the generic page see Palm (PDA The PalmPilot Personal and PalmPilot Professional A Pocket PC, abbreviated P/PC or PPC, is a hardware Specification for a Handheld -sized Computer ( Personal digital assistant The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc
1991 to 1994: Model Proliferation
- See also: Timeline of Apple II Family and Timeline of Macintosh models
As Macintosh market share began to dwindle, Apple sought to ebb the erosion from Macintosh profits and introduce new products that would build on the success of the PowerBook and incite new market growth, particularly in the entry-level market that the IBM PCs dominated, a market which Apple had priced itself out of being the only real choice for it's revolutionary operating system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This timeline of Apple II Family models lists all major types Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This timeline of Macintosh models lists all major types of The steady erosion of Window's and Apple's defeats against Microsoft were quickly changing the rules for Apple. Seeing the Apple II Family as too expensive to produce while potentially taking away sales from the low end Macs[34], Apple quickly moved to end the once profitable backbone of Apple for the first 15 years of the company's existence, a division for numerous reasons had been in decline for several years at this time. In their place, Apple introduced a new line of low-end educational and consumer targeted computers with limited processing power and bundled software suites, in some case utilizing technology which was already 5 years old. Notably among them was the Macintosh LC family of computers, which offered a single expansion slot specifically designed for use with the Apple IIe Card, an entire Apple IIe on a single circuit board, in an effort to migrate Apple II users to the Macintosh platform. The Macintosh LC (meaning low-cost color) was Apple Computer 's product family of low-end consumer Macintosh Personal computers in the early 1990s An expansion card (also expansion board, adapter card or accessory card) in Computing is a Printed circuit board that can be inserted The Apple IIe Card ( Apple Computer part #820-0444-A is in a sense the smallest Apple II " Computer " ever designed though as a hardware Following the successful reception of the LC, Apple introduced the Centris line, a low end Quadra offereing, and the ill-fated Performa line which was sold in a myriad of confusing configurations and software bundles to avoid competing with the various consumer outlets such as Sears, Price Club and Wal-Mart, the primary dealers for these models. Macintosh Centris was a set of three 1993 Macintosh models that were built around the Motorola 68LC040 and 68040 CPUs The Macintosh Quadra series was Apple Computer 's product family of professional high-end Apple Macintosh Personal computers built using the Motorola The Macintosh Performa series was Apple Computer 's Consumer product family of Apple Macintosh Personal computers from 1992 until 1997 when the Sears Roebuck and Company, commonly known as Sears, is an American mid-range chain of International Department stores founded by Richard Costco Wholesale Corporation ( is the largest membership Warehouse club chain in the world based on sales volume headquartered in Issaquah Washington, Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores The end result was disastrous for Apple as consumers not only did not understand the difference between features offered from model to model, but were often poorly maintained by consumer electronics retailers who were more familiar and knowledgable with the PC models often leading to non-functional demonstration Macs, which appeared to offer little over the working demos and often lower-priced Windows' PCs. During this time Apple experimented with a number of other failed consumer targeted products including video consoles and TV appliances. Enormous resources were also invested in the problem plagued Newton division based on John Sculley's unrealistic market forecasts. Ultimately, all of this proved be too-little-too-late for Apple as their market share and stock prices continued to slide.
1994 to 1997: Attempts at reinvention
By the mid-90s, Apple realized that it had to reinvent the Macintosh in order to stay competitive in the market. The needs of both computer users and computer programs were becoming, for a variety of technical reasons, harder for the existing hardware and operating system to address.
In 1994 Apple allied with long-time competitor IBM and CPU maker Motorola in the so-called AIM alliance. Motorola Inc ( is an American, multinational Fortune 100, Telecommunications company based in Schaumburg Illinois. The AIM alliance was an alliance formed in September 1991 between Apple Computer, IBM and Motorola to create a new computing standard based This was a bid to create a new computing platform (the PowerPC Reference Platform or PReP), which would use IBM and Motorola hardware coupled with Apple's software. PowerPC Reference Platform ( PReP) was a standard System architecture for PowerPC based computer systems (as well as a Reference implementation The AIM alliance hoped that PReP's performance and Apple's software would leave the PC far behind, thus countering Microsoft, which had become Apple's chief competitor. That year, Apple introduced the Power Macintosh using IBM's PowerPC processor. Power Macintosh, later Power Mac, is a line of Apple Macintosh Workstation -class Personal computers based on various models of PowerPC PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM This processor utilized a RISC architecture, which differed substantially from the Motorola 68k series that had been used by all previous Macs. The Motorola 680x0 / m68k / 68k / 68K is a family of 32-bit CISC Microprocessor CPU chips and was the primary
Throughout the mid to late 1990s, Apple tried to improve its operating system's multitasking and memory management. After multiple failed attempts to improve the existing Mac OS, first with the Taligent project, then later with Copland and Gershwin, the company chose to purchase NeXT and its NeXTSTEP operating system, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple in the process. Taligent ( Tal ent and Intell' igent') was the name of an object-oriented Operating system and the company dedicated to producing it Copland was a project at Apple Computer to create an updated version of the Macintosh operating system. Gershwin was the code name for Apple Computer 's next-generation operating system that was proposed to follow Apple's failed Copland project for the Apple Macintosh NeXT Computer Inc (later NeXT Software Inc) was an American Computer company headquartered in Redwood City, California that [35] On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was ousted as CEO of Apple by the board of directors after overseeing a 3-year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Gilbert F Amelio (born March 1, 1943 in New York City) is an American technology executive Jobs stepped in as the interim CEO and began a restructuring of the company's product line.
At the 1997 Macworld Expo, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would be entering into a partnership with Microsoft to release new versions of Microsoft Office for the Macintosh as well as a US$150 million investment in non-voting Apple stock. Produced by Boston -based IDG World Expo, Macworld Conference & Expo is a trade show dedicated to the Apple Macintosh platform with conference tracks held Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Microsoft Office is a set of interrelated desktop applications servers and services collectively referred to as an Office suite, for the Microsoft Windows and [36]
On November 10, 1997, Apple introduced the Apple Store, an online retail store based upon the WebObjects application server the company had acquired in its purchase of NeXT. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Apple Store is the online store of Apple Inc All of Apple's product lines are carried as well as select brands of accessories for its products WebObjects is a Java web Application server from Apple Inc, and a Web application framework that runs on this server NeXT Computer Inc (later NeXT Software Inc) was an American Computer company headquartered in Redwood City, California that The new direct sales outlet was also tied to a new build-to-order manufacturing strategy and announced at the same time as new machines using the PowerPC processor. PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM
1998 to 2005: New beginnings
On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one Mac computer reminiscent of the original Macintosh 128K: the iMac. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Macintosh is the original Apple Macintosh Personal computer. The iMac is a desktop Macintosh computer designed and built by Apple Inc The iMac design team was led by Jonathan Ive, who would later design the iPod and the iPhone. Jonathan Paul Ive CBE (born February 1967 is a British designer and the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc [37][38] While not groundbreaking from a technological standpoint, the iMac featured an innovative new translucent plastic exterior, originally in Bondi Blue, but later many other colors. Bondi blue is a Color. It belongs to the Cyan family of blues The iMac sold close to 800,000 units in its first five months and helped return the company to sustained profitability for the first time since 1993.
Through this time period, Apple purchased several companies in a move to create a portfolio of professional and consumer-oriented digital production software. In 1998, Apple announced the purchase of Macromedia's Final Cut software, signaling its expansion into the digital video editing market. Macromedia was a North American graphics and Web development Software house headquartered in San Francisco, California producing such products Digital video is a type of Video recording system that works by using a Digital rather than an analog video signal The following year, Apple released two video editing products: iMovie for consumers, and Final Cut Pro for professionals, the latter of which has gone on to be a significant video-editing program, with 800,000 registered users in early 2007. iMovie is a Video editing software application which allows Mac users to edit their own home movies Final Cut Pro is a professional Non-linear editing software application developed by Apple Inc [39] In 2002 Apple purchased Nothing Real for their advanced digital compositing application Shake, as well as Emagic for their music productivity application Logic, which led to the development of their consumer-level GarageBand application. Nothing Real LLC, founded in October 1996 by Allen Edwards and Arnaud Hervas, developed high-end digital effects software for the feature film broadcast and interactive Shake is an image Compositing package used in the post-production industry Emagic was a music software and hardware company based in Rellingen, Germany. Logic Pro is a Digital Audio Workstation and MIDI sequencer software application for the Mac OS X platform GarageBand is a Software application that allows users to create music or Podcasts It is developed by Apple Inc With iPhoto's release in 2002, this completed Apple's collection of consumer and professional level creativity software, with the consumer-level applications being collected together into the iLife suite. iPhoto is a software application made by Apple Inc exclusively for their Mac OS X operating system iLife is a suite of Multimedia Software applications created by Apple Inc
Mac OS X, the operating system based on NeXT's OPENSTEP and BSD Unix was released on March 24, 2001 after several years of development. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently OpenStep is an Object-oriented Application programming interface (API specification for an Object-oriented operating system that uses any modern Operating Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Aimed at consumers and professionals alike, Mac OS X aimed to marry the stability, reliability and security of the Unix operating system with the ease of use afforded by a completely overhauled user interface. Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer To aid users in moving their applications from Mac OS 9, the new operating system allowed the use of OS 9 applications through Mac OS X's Classic environment. Mac OS 9 is the final major release of Apple's "Classic" Mac OS.
On May 19, 2001, Apple opened its first official Apple Retail Stores in Virginia and California, and has since continued to open more stores in the United States and other countries. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Apple Store is a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Later the same year, Apple introduced its first iPod portable digital audio player. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc A digital audio player, more commonly referred to as an MP3 player, is a Consumer electronics device that stores organizes and plays audio files Some The product has proven phenomenally successful; over 100 million units have been sold in the six years since its introduction. [40] In 2003, Apple's iTunes Store was introduced, offering online music downloads for US 99¢ a song and integration with the iPod. The iTunes Store is a software-based online Digital media store operated by Apple Inc The service quickly became the market leader in online music services, with over 3 billion downloads by August 2007. [41] Steve Jobs announced that iTunes had reached 4 billion downloads during his keynote address at the 2008 Macworld Conference & Expo. Produced by Boston -based IDG World Expo, Macworld Conference & Expo is a trade show dedicated to the Apple Macintosh platform with conference tracks held
As for the Macintosh, Apple's design team progressively abandoned the flashy colors of the iMac G3 era in favor of white polycarbonate for consumer lines such as the iMac and iBook, as well as the educational eMac, and metal enclosures for the professional lines. The iMac G3 was the first model of the IMac line of personal computers made by Apple Inc The iMac is a desktop Macintosh computer designed and built by Apple Inc The iBook is a line of Laptop computer that was developed and sold by Apple Computer Inc The eMac, short for education Mac, was a Macintosh desktop computer made by Apple Inc This began with the 2001 release of the titanium PowerBook and was followed by the 2001 white iBook, the 2002 flat-panel iMac, the 2003 Power Mac G5, and the 2004 Apple Cinema Displays. Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 The Power Mac G5 is Apple 's marketing name for models of the Power Macintosh which contain the PowerPC G5 CPU.
2005 to present: The Intel partnership
In the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) keynote address on June 6, 2005, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would begin producing Intel-based Mac computers beginning in 2006. The Apple Intel transition was the process of changing the CPU of Macintosh Computers from PowerPC processors to Intel X86 Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [42]
On January 10, 2006, Apple released its first Intel chip computers, a new notebook computer known as the MacBook Pro (with a 15. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A laptop computer, also known as a notebook computer, is a small Personal computer designed for mobile use. The MacBook Pro is a line of Macintosh portable Computers by Apple Inc 4" screen) and a new (though cosmetically identical) iMac with purportedly two to three times faster performance compared with its predecessor. Both used Intel's Core Duo chip technology. The Core brand refers to Intel 's 32-bit mobile Dual-core X86 CPUs that derived from the Pentium M branded processors Through 2006, Apple transitioned the entire Mac product line to Intel chips, retaining the enclosure design while replacing its internal components. The Power Mac brand was retired, with Mac Pro being its successor. The Mac Pro is a Workstation computer manufactured by Apple Inc Apple also introduced a new piece of software called Boot Camp that helps users install Windows XP on their Intel Mac alongside Mac OS X. Boot Camp is a utility included with Apple Inc 's Mac OS X v10 Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and [43]
Apple's success during this period, beginning in 1997 (the first year the company turned a profit after losses through 1995 and 1996),[44] but accelerating between 2003 to 2005, was evident in its skyrocketing stock. Between early 2003 and January 2006, the price of a share of Apple's stock increased more than tenfold, from a little more than US$6 per share (split-adjusted) to more than US$80 per share. On January 13, 2006, Apple's market cap surpassed that of Dell. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Market capitalization/capitalisation (aka market cap, mkt cap or capitalized/capitalised value) is a measurement of Corporate or Economic The multinational technology company Dell Inc develops manufactures sells and supports Personal computers and other computer-related products [45] Nearly ten years prior, in 1997, Dell's CEO, Michael Dell, had asserted that if he ran Apple he would "shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders. Michael Saul Dell (born February 23, 1965, in Houston Texas) is an American businessman and the founder and CEO of Dell Inc "[46]
Delivering his keynote at Macworld 2007 (January 9, 2007), Steve Jobs announced a change of name: Apple Computer, Inc. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. would from that point on be known as Apple Inc. The event also saw the announcement of the iPhone, and the Apple TV. The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc The following day, Apple shares hit US$97. 80, then an all-time high. In May 2007, Apple's share price passed the US$100 mark. [47]
On February 7, 2007, Apple indicated that it would be willing to sell music on the iTunes Store without digital rights management protection (allowing tracks to be played on any compatible player) if major record labels would agree to drop that anti-piracy technology. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders [48] On April 2, 2007, Apple and record label EMI jointly announced the removal of anti-piracy technology from EMI's catalog in the iTunes Store, effective in May. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in [49]
Current products
Hardware
- See also: Timeline of Apple Macintosh models, List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU type, and List of Apple Macintosh models by case type
Apple introduced the Apple Macintosh family in 1984 and today makes consumer, professional, and educational computers. The Mac mini is the company's consumer sub-desktop computer, introduced in January 2005 and designed to motivate Windows users to switch to the Mac computer platform. The Mac Mini (officially capitalized Mac mini) is a desktop computer made by Apple Inc The iMac is a consumer desktop computer that was first introduced by Apple in 1998, and its popularity helped revive the company's fortunes. The iMac is a desktop Macintosh computer designed and built by Apple Inc The iMac is similar in concept to the original Macintosh in that the monitor and computer are housed in a single unit. It is now in its third major design iteration, and has been upgraded many times (including a switch to Intel processors) using the same design. Apple sells three lines of portable computers: the MacBook which includes a 13 inch widescreen, and is available in white and black variants, the MacBook Air, an ultra-thin, ultra-portable notebook with a 13. The MacBook is a Macintosh Notebook computer by Apple Inc that replaced the iBook G4 series The MacBook Air is a thin lightweight Macintosh Notebook computer designed by Apple. 3 inch LED backlit widescreen and the MacBook Pro, a professional portable computer alternative to the MacBook. The MacBook Pro is a line of Macintosh portable Computers by Apple Inc The MacBook Pro is marketed as being intended for professional and creative users, and offers configurations with 15-inch and 17-inch displays. The Mac Pro is Apple's workstation-class desktop computer offering, which is housed in an aluminum enclosure that matches the design aesthetic of the Apple Cinema Display. The Mac Pro is a Workstation computer manufactured by Apple Inc A workstation, such as a Unix workstation, RISC workstation or Engineering workstation, is a high-end Microcomputer WikipediaNaming The Apple Cinema Display is a Product line of widescreen flat panel monitors made by Apple Inc Apple also offers a rack mounted computer called the Xserve, a dual core, dual processor 1U server. Xserve is the name of Apple Inc 's 1U rackmount line of server computers A rack unit or U (less commonly RU) is a unit of measure used to describe the Height of equipment intended for mounting in a 19-inch rack
Apple sells a variety of computer accessories for Mac computers including the AirPort wireless networking products, Time Capsule, Apple Cinema Display, Mighty Mouse, the Apple Wireless Keyboard computer keyboard, and the Apple USB Modem. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Time Capsule is a wireless Network-attached storage device combined with a wireless residential gateway router made by Apple Inc The Apple Mighty Mouse is a multi-button USB or Bluetooth mouse manufactured and sold by Apple Inc The Apple Wireless Keyboard is a wireless keyboard built for Macintosh computers The Apple USB Modem is a combined 56 kbit/s data modem and 14
On October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the iPod digital music player. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc Initially equipped with a 5 GB hard drive and a monochrome screen, models today can store up to 160 GB and display video, play games, and support a wide range of third-party add-on devices. As of September 2007, Apple sells four variants of the iPod: the iPod shuffle, iPod nano, iPod classic and iPod touch. The iPod Shuffle is a Digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc (as iPod shuffle) The iPod Nano (marketed lowercase as iPod nano) is a Portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPod Classic is a Portable media player marketed by Apple Inc The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and The iPod is the market leader in portable music players by a significant margin, with more than 100 million units shipped as of April 9, 2007. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [50] Apple has partnered with Nike to introduce the Nike+iPod Sports Kit enabling runners to sync and monitor their runs with iTunes and the Nike+ website. Nike Inc ('naɪki ( is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The Nike+iPod Sports Kit is a device which measures and records the distance and pace of a walk or run iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc
At the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2007, Steve Jobs revealed the long anticipated iPhone, a convergence of an Internet-enabled smartphone and video iPod. Produced by Boston -based IDG World Expo, Macworld Conference & Expo is a trade show dedicated to the Apple Macintosh platform with conference tracks held The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc A smartphone is a Mobile phone offering advanced capabilities beyond a typical mobile phone often with PC -like functionality The iPhone combines a 2. 5G quad band GSM and EDGE cellular phone with features found in hand held devices, running a scaled-down versions of Apple's Mac OS X, with various applications such as Safari web browser, e-mail, and navigation. Quad band (also known as quad-band or quadband) literally means four bands GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) Safari is a Web browser developed by Apple Inc and included in Mac OS X. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services The iPhone features a 3. 5 inch touch screen display, 8 GB of memory, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (both "b" and "g"). Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices creating wireless Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used The iPhone first became available on June 29, 2007. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. On June 9, 2008, at WWDC 2008, Steve Jobs announced that the iPhone 3G would be available on July 11, 2008. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common This version added support for 3G networking and assisted-GPS navigation, among other things. [51]
Additionally at the 2007 Macworld conference, Jobs demonstrated the Apple TV, (previously known as the iTV), a set-top video device intended to bridge the sale of content from iTunes with high-definition televisions. The device links up to a user's TV and syncs, either via Wi-Fi or a wired network, with one computer's iTunes library and streams from an additional four. iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc The Apple TV incorporates a 40 GB hard drive for storage, includes outputs for HDMI and component video, and plays video at a maximum resolution of 720p. The High-Definition Multimedia Interface ( HDMI) is a compact audio/video connector interface for transmitting uncompressed digital streams This article is about analog component video for the processing of color components in digital video see Digital video, Chroma subsampling and YCbCr 720p is the shorthand name for a category of HDTV video modes It was later updated to include a 160 GB drive for even more space for media.
Software
- See also: List of Macintosh software
Apple develops its own operating system to run on Macs, Mac OS X, the latest version being Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard. This list of Macintosh software reveals Mac OS Computer programs Since the library of Mac OS programs is unmanageable this list is confined to those programs An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Mac OS X version 105 “Leopard” is the sixth major release of Mac OS X, Apple’s desktop and server Operating system for Macintosh Apple also independently develops computer software titles for its Mac OS X operating system. Much of the software Apple develops is bundled with its computers. An example of this is the consumer-oriented iLife software package which bundles iDVD, iMovie, iPhoto, iTunes, GarageBand, and iWeb. iDVD is a DVD creation Software application made by Apple Inc iMovie is a Video editing software application which allows Mac users to edit their own home movies iPhoto is a software application made by Apple Inc exclusively for their Mac OS X operating system iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc GarageBand is a Software application that allows users to create music or Podcasts It is developed by Apple Inc iWeb is a WYSIWYG template-based Website creation tool made by Apple Inc For presentation, page layout and word processing, iWork is available, which includes Keynote, Pages, and Numbers. iWork is a suite of applications created by Apple Inc, containing Pages, a Word processing and Desktop publishing application Keynote Keynote is a presentation software application developed as a part of the IWork productivity suite (which also includes Pages and Numbers Past Global Changes ( PAGES) founded in 1991 is a core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP and is funded by the U Numbers is a Spreadsheet application developed by Apple Inc as part of the IWork productivity suite alongside Keynote and Pages. iTunes, QuickTime media player, and Safari web browser are available as free downloads for both Mac OS X and Windows. QuickTime is a Multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc, capable of handling various formats of Digital video, Media clips sound text Safari is a Web browser developed by Apple Inc and included in Mac OS X. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a
Apple also offers a range of professional software titles. Their range of server software includes the operating system Mac OS X Server; Apple Remote Desktop, a remote systems management application; WebObjects, Java Web application server; and Xsan, a Storage Area Network file system. Mac OS X Server is the server-oriented version of Apple 's Operating system, Mac OS X. Apple Remote Desktop ( ARD) is a Macintosh application produced by Apple Inc WebObjects is a Java web Application server from Apple Inc, and a Web application framework that runs on this server Java Platform Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. In n-tier architecture an application server is a Server that hosts an API to expose Business Logic and Business Processes for use by other Xsan is Apple Inc 's high-performance Clustered file system for Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server. In Information technology, a storage area network ( SAN) is an architecture to attach remote computer storage devices (such as Disk arrays tape libraries For the professional creative market, there is Aperture for professional RAW-format photo processing; Final Cut Studio, a video production suite; Logic, a comprehensive music toolkit and Shake, an advanced effects composition program. A raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of a Digital camera or Image scanner. A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an Image created by Light falling on a light-sensitive surface usually Photographic film or an electronic Final Cut Studio is a professional video and audio production suite for Mac OS X from Apple Inc Logic Pro is a Digital Audio Workstation and MIDI sequencer software application for the Mac OS X platform Shake is an image Compositing package used in the post-production industry
Apple also offers online services with .Mac which bundles .Mac HomePage, .Mac Mail, .Mac Groups, .Mac iDisk, .Mac Backup, .Mac Sync, and Learning Center online tutorials. A web page or webpage is a resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a Web browser. Electronic mail, often abbreviated to e-mail, email, or originally eMail, is a Store-and-forward method of writing sending receiving iDisk is a service offered by Apple to all MobileMe members that enables them to store their digital photos movies and personal files online so they can be accessed Backup is a Backup utility made by Apple for Mac OS X. It is available through Apple's MobileMe (formerly. iSync is a Software application published by Apple Inc It runs only under Mac OS X and is used to synchronize data in ICal and the Address
Corporate affairs
Critics of Apple commonly point to their vertically integrated business model, where all the hardware and operating system software comes from one company. In Microeconomics and Management, the term vertical integration describes a style of Management control. Although the Apple II was very open, the Macintosh was originally closed and proprietary, and during the Mac's early history Apple generally refused to adopt prevailing industry standards for hardware, instead creating and implementing their own (for example, The Lisa's FileWare drive, and the ADB). FileWare floppy disk drives and diskettes were designed by Apple Computer as a higher performance alternative to the Disk II and Disk III floppy systems Apple Desktop Bus (or ADB) is an obsolete bit-serial Computer bus connecting low-speed devices to computers
This trend was largely reversed in the late 1990s beginning with Apple's adoption of the PCI bus in the 7500/8500/9500 Power Macs. The Peripheral Component Interconnect, or PCI Standard (commonly PCI) specifies a Computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a Computer The Power Macintosh 7500 was one of the first PCI capable Macs manufactured by Apple Computer. The Power Macintosh 8500 (the 120 MHz model is also known as Power Macintosh 8515 in Europe and Japan) was a High-end Macintosh The Power Macintosh 9500 (the 132 MHz model is also known as Power Macintosh 9515 in Europe and Japan) is a high-end Macintosh Personal Power Macintosh, later Power Mac, is a line of Apple Macintosh Workstation -class Personal computers based on various models of PowerPC Apple has since adopted USB, AGP, HyperTransport, Wi-Fi, and other industry standards in its computers and was in some cases a leader in the adoption of such standards. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used FireWire is an Apple-originated standard which has seen widespread industry adoption after it was standardized as IEEE 1394. The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus Interface standard for high-speed communications and Isochronous real-time data transfer frequently The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus Interface standard for high-speed communications and Isochronous real-time data transfer frequently [52]
However, the iPod remains a mostly closed and vertically integrated platform. Although Apple provides documented interfaces for hardware accessories, developers have no supported way to add features to the software (such as decoding of additional formats). Although the iPod supports the mainstream MP3 and AAC formats, there is not support for other proprietary formats, like Windows Media (this can be converted to AAC with iTunes on Windows), RealAudio and the open Ogg Vorbis format. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a Digital audio encoding format using a form of Lossy data compression Advanced Audio Coding ( AAC) is a standardized lossy compression and encoding scheme for Digital audio. Windows Media Audio ( WMA) is an Audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft. RealAudio is a proprietary Audio format developed by RealNetworks. Vorbis is a free and open source, lossy audio Codec project headed by the Xiph Apple has refused to license its FairPlay DRM system to other online music vendors. FairPlay is a Digital rights management (DRM technology created by Apple Inc Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders [48] The company added Windows PC support with their second generation iPod series. [53]
Ever since the first Apple store opened, Apple has wanted third parties to sell their products and software inside their stores. This allows, for instance, Nikon and Canon to sell their Mac-compatible digital cameras and camcorders inside the store. Adobe, the largest Apple software partner, also sells its Mac-compatible software, as does Microsoft, who sells Microsoft Office for the Mac. A notable exception are books published by John Wiley & Sons, who publishes the For Dummies series of instructional books. John Wiley & Sons Inc, also referred to as Wiley, is a global Publishing company that markets its products to professionals and consumers students and instructors For Dummies is a prolific series of instructional books which are intended to present non-intimidating guides for readers new to the various topics covered The publisher's line of books were banned from Apple Stores in 2005 because Steve Jobs disagreed with their editorial policy. The Apple Store is a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc [54]
Headquarters
Apple Inc. 's world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of Silicon Valley, at 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California. For the valley nicknamed "Silicone Valley" see San Fernando Valley. An infinite loop is a sequence of instructions in a computer program which loops endlessly either due to the loop having no terminating condition or having one that can Cupertino (ˌkuːpɚˈtiːnoʊ is a Suburban city in Santa Clara County, California, U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. This Apple campus has six buildings which total 850,000 sq ft (79,000 m²). and was built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos. [55]
In 2006, Apple announced its intention to build a second campus on 50 acres assembled from various contiguous plots. The new campus, also in Cupertino, will be about one mile east of the current campus. [56]
CEOs
- 1977–1981: Michael "Scotty" Scott
- 1981–1983: A. C. "Mike" Markkula
- 1983–1993: John Sculley
- 1993–1996: Michael Spindler
- 1996–1997: Gil Amelio
- 1997–Present: Steve Jobs (Interim CEO 1997-2000)
Current Board of Directors
- Bill Campbell, Chairman of Intuit Inc.
- Millard Drexler, Chairman and CEO of J.Crew
- Al Gore, Former Vice President of the United States
- Steve Jobs, CEO and Co-founder of Apple; also a director of The Walt Disney Company
- Andrea Jung, Chairman and CEO of Avon Products
- Arthur D. Levinson, Chairman and CEO of Genentech
- Eric E. Schmidt, Chairman and CEO of Google
- Jerry York, Chairman, President, and CEO of Harwinton Capital
Current executives
- Steve Jobs, Chief Executive Officer
- Timothy D. Cook, Chief Operating Officer
- Peter Oppenheimer, Chief Financial Officer
- Philip W. Schiller, Senior Vice President of Worldwide Product Marketing
- Tony Fadell, Senior Vice President of the iPod Division
- Jonathan Ive, Senior Vice President of Industrial Design
- Bertrand Serlet, Senior Vice President of Software Engineering
- Ron Johnson, Senior Vice President of Retail
- Sina Tamaddon, Senior Vice President of Applications
- Scott Forstall, Vice President of iPhone Software
- Daniel Cooperman, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Advertising
Since the introduction of the Macintosh in 1984 with the 1984 Super Bowl commercial to the more modern 'Get a Mac' adverts, Apple has been recognized in the past for its efforts towards effective advertising and marketing for its products, though it has been criticized for the claims of some more recent campaigns, particularly 2005 Power Mac ads. In the past two decades Apple Inc has become appreciated for the "artistic" and free-thinking messages of its advertisements, which reflect a business 1984 is the American Television commercial which introduced the Macintosh Personal computer for the first time professional American football, the Super Bowl is the Championship game of the National Football League (NFL Among other things the Super Bowl, the championship game of the National Football League (NFL in the United States, is known for the high-profile In the past two decades Apple Inc has become appreciated for the "artistic" and free-thinking messages of its advertisements, which reflect a business [57][58][59]
Logos
- See also: U+F8FF or , seen as the Apple logo in some fonts. Unicode code point U+F8FF is the last character in the Unicode private use area. Unicode code point U+F8FF is the last character in the Unicode private use area. Typography of Apple Inc refers to Apple Inc ’s use of Typefaces in Marketing, Operating systems and Industrial design.
Apple’s first logo, designed by Jobs and Wayne, depicts Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements Almost immediately, though, this was replaced by Rob Janoff’s “rainbow Apple,” the now-familiar rainbow-colored silhouette of an apple with a bite taken out of it, possibly as a tribute to Isaac Newton's discoveries of the gravity (the apple), and the separation of light by prisms (the colors). Rob Janoff is a Graphic designer of Corporate logos and identities printed advertisements and Television commercials. A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a spectrum of Light to appear in the Sky when the Sun Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements This was one of several designs Janoff presented to Jobs in 1976. [60]
While it is generally accepted to have been in reference to Isaac Newton, a curious urban legend exists that the bitten apple is a homage to the mathematician Alan Turing, who committed suicide by eating an apple he had laced with cyanide. An urban legend or urban myth is a form of modern Folklore consisting of stories thought to be factual by those circulating them For medieval usage see Homage (medieval and Commendation ceremony, or Homage (disambiguation Homage (from the French Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (ˈt(jʊ(ərɪŋ (23 June 1912 &ndash 7 June 1954 was an English Mathematician Turing is regarded as one of the fathers of the computer. [61]
In 1998, with the roll out of the new iMac, Apple began the use of a monochromatic logo—supposedly at the insistence of a newly re-inaugurated Jobs—nearly identical in shape to its previous rainbow incarnation. Monochrome comes from the Greek μονόχρωμος ( monochromos) meaning “of one color” which is a combination However, no specific color is prescribed throughout Apple's software and hardware line. The logo's shape is one of the most recognized brand symbols in the world, identifies all Apple products and retail stores (the name "Apple" is usually not even present) and has been included as stickers in nearly all Macintosh and iPod packages through the years. A label is a piece of Paper, Polymer, Cloth, Metal, or other material affixed to a container or article on which is Printed
Slogans
Apple's first slogan, "Byte into an Apple", was coined in the late 1970s. This is a list of slogans that have been used by Apple Inc in advertising and marketing material from the 70s to the present date A byte (pronounced "bite" baɪt is the basic unit of measurement of information storage in Computer science. [62] Once Apple started selling more than just computers, slogans were created for each individual product, rather than for the company itself. For example, the slogan "iThink, therefore iMac", was used in 1998 to promote the iMac. Several company-directed slogans are marketed today; however Apple tends to focus mainly on marketing its products individually.
Litigation
Apple's earliest court action dates to 1978 when Apple Records, The Beatles-founded record label, filed suit against Apple Computer for trademark infringement. From the 1980s to the present Apple Inc has been plaintiff or defendant in civil actions in the United States and other countries Apple Records is a record label founded by The Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Between 1978 and 2006 there was a number of legal disputes between Apple Corps (owned by The Beatles) and the computer manufacturer Apple Computer A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual The suit settled in 1981 with an amount of US$80,000 being paid to Apple Corps. Apple Corps Ltd is a multi-armed multimedia Corporation founded in January 1968 by British Rock band The Beatles to replace their As a condition of the settlement, Apple Computer agreed to stay out of the music business. The case arose in 1989 again when Apple Corps sued over the Apple IIGS, which included a professional synthesizer chip, claiming violation of the 1981 settlement agreement. In 1991 another settlement of around US$26. 5 million was reached. [63] In September 2003 Apple Computer was sued by Apple Corps again, this time for introducing the iTunes Music Store and the iPod, which Apple Corps believed was a violation of the previous agreement by Apple Computer not to distribute music. [64] The trial in the UK ended on May 8, 2006 with victory for Apple Computer. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The judge ruled the company's iTunes Music Store did not infringe on the trademark of Apple Corps and ordered Apple Corps to pay the legal costs. [65] A new settlement was announced on February 5, 2007 giving Apple, Inc. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. control over the Apple mark with Apple Corps licensed to use it. Portions of the settlement are confidential, but each side will pay its own legal costs. As the Beatles' songs are not available for download from any legal music download sites, including the iTunes Music Store, Jobs' highly public nod to the Beatles (playing "Lovely Rita" on the iPhone) during his January 9, 2007 Macworld keynote fueled widespread speculation about a deal to sell Beatles songs on iTunes. " Lovely Rita " is a song by The Beatles performed on the album Sgt Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A spokewoman for Apple Corps said the settlement had no bearing on any such matter. [66]
Of the matter, Steve Jobs said "We love the Beatles, and it has been painful being at odds with them over these trademarks. It feels great to resolve this in a positive manner, and in a way that should remove the potential of further disagreements in the future. "[67]
In July 1998, Abdul Traya registered the domain name appleimac. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Abdul Traya from Calgary, Alberta became famous after he registered the domain AppleiMac com, shortly after Apple announced the iMac, in an attempt to draw attention to the web-hosting business he was running out of his parents' basement. The iMac is a desktop Macintosh computer designed and built by Apple Inc [68] After a legal dispute that lasted until April 1999, Traya and Apple settled out of court with Apple paying legal fees and giving Traya a "token payment" in exchange for the domain name. April 1999 was a month with thirty days The following events also occurred during the month [69]
In a more recent previously unrelated lawsuit, Apple entered into a class action settlement,[70] upheld on December 20, 2005 following an appeal, regarding the battery life of iPod music players sold prior to May 2004. In Law, a class action or a representative action is a form of Lawsuit where a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc Eligible members of the class are entitled to extended warranties, store credit, cash compensation, or battery replacement.
Creative also recently filed a patent dispute alleging that Apple infringed on one of Creative's patents for their Zen player with the iPod and iPod nano. Creative Technology Limited ( is a listed manufacturer of computer Multimedia products based in Singapore, where the firm was founded and now under the executive The Creative ZEN (formerly known as Creative NOMAD Jukebox Zen) is a range of Digital audio players (DAPs and Portable media players (PMPs made by [71] On August 23, 2006, Apple and Creative settled their patent disputes by paying Creative US$100 million. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Creative Technology Limited ( is a listed manufacturer of computer Multimedia products based in Singapore, where the firm was founded and now under the executive
On January 10, 2007, Cisco sued Apple for the iPhone, since Cisco has held the trademark on the name "iPhone" since 2000. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Cisco had refused rights to use the name "iPhone" on multiple occasions. Apple and Cisco had been in talks for a while about use of the name, though Apple had been denied the use of the name on several occasions leading up through January 9. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Cisco alleged that Apple created a front company to attempt to acquire the name through other means, but failed also. During the 2007 Macworld Expo, Apple used Cisco's "iPhone" name anyway. [72] On February 22, 2007 Cisco and Apple announced an agreement under which both companies would be allowed to use the iPhone name worldwide. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [73]
In July 2007, Colorado-based photographer Louis Psihoyos filed suit against Apple for allegedly ripping his "wall of videos" imagery to advertise for Apple TV. According to Psihoyos, Apple had been negotiating with Psihoyos for rights to the imagery, but backed out and promptly used the imagery anyway. [74]
Stock option backdating investigation
On June 29, 2006, Apple announced that an internal investigation "discovered irregularities related to the issuance of certain stock option grants made between 1997 and 2001. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "[75] A Special Committee reported the findings of the stock backdating investigation three months later on October 4, 2006, stating "the investigation found no misconduct by any member of Apple's current management team", . Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. . . "the most recent evidence of irregularities relates to a January 2002 grant", and "stock option grants made on 15 dates between 1997 and 2002 appear to have grant dates that precede the approval of those grants". The Special Committee also reported that "in a few instances, Apple CEO Steve Jobs was aware that favorable grant dates had been selected, but he did not receive or otherwise benefit from these grants and was unaware of the accounting implications. "[76] Documents were subsequently faked to indicate a special board meeting had occurred and that the options had been granted on that day. [77] The backdating gave Jobs a potential net gain of more than US$20 million had he exercised his options. [78]
On April 24, 2007, the SEC announced it had filed charges against former Apple chief financial officer Fred D. Anderson and former Apple general counsel Nancy R. Heinen for their alleged roles in backdating Apple options. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. See Fred Anderson for others with similar names Fred D Anderson is an American business executive known for his time with Apple Computers and as a Nancy Regina Heinen of Portola Valley California was the General Counsel and Secretary for Apple Computer Inc [79] Anderson immediately settled the charges for a payment of a civil penalty of US$150,000 and disgorgement of "ill-gotten gains" of approximately US$3. 49 million. [79] Heinen was charged with, among other things, violating the anti-fraud provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, lying to Apple's auditors, and violating prohibitions on circumventing internal controls, based on the options awarded to Steve Jobs (dated October 19, 2001 but allegedly granted in December 2001) and also option grants awarded to top company executives, including Heinen (dated January 17, 2001, but allegedly granted in February 2001. Congress enacted the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act" the "Truth in Securities Act" or the "Federal Securities Act", enacted 1933-05-27 The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a law governing the secondary trading of securities ( Stocks bonds, and Debentures. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [79]) The SEC is seeking injunctive relief, disgorgement, and money penalties against Heinen, in addition to an order barring her from serving as an officer or director of a public company. [79] The charges against Heinen remain pending. [79]
In late April 2007, the SEC announced that it would not bring action against Apple due to its "swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission's investigation. " Most analysts took this statement to mean that Apple was in the clear, and Steve Jobs personally read the statement to concerned shareholders at a meeting.
Culture
Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of what a corporate culture should look like in terms of organizational hierarchy (flat versus tall, casual versus formal attire, etc). Other highly successful firms with similar cultural aspects from the same time period include Southwest Airlines and Microsoft. Southwest Airlines Co ( is an American low-cost Airline based in Dallas Texas, with its largest focus city at Las Vegas ' McCarran Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Originally, the company stood in opposition to staid competitors like IBM more or less by default, thanks to the influence of its founders; Steve Jobs often walked around the office barefoot even after Apple was a Fortune 500 company. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content By the time of the "1984" TV ad, this trait had become a key way the company attempts differentiated itself from its competitors. 1984 is the American Television commercial which introduced the Macintosh Personal computer for the first time [80]
Apple Fellows
As the company has grown and been led by a series of chief executives, each with his own idea of what Apple should be, some of its original character has arguably been lost, but Apple still has a reputation for fostering individuality and excellence that reliably draws talented people into its employ, especially after Jobs' return. To recognize the best of its employees, Apple created the Apple Fellows program. Apple Fellows are those who have made extraordinary technical or leadership contributions to personal computing while at the company. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated The Apple Fellowship has so far been awarded to a few individuals including Bill Atkinson,[81] Steve Capps,[82] Rod Holt,[81] Alan Kay,[83][84] Guy Kawasaki,[83][85] Don Norman,[83] Rich Page,[81] and Steve Wozniak. Bill Atkinson (born 1951 is an American Computer engineer and Photographer. Steve Capps is a Computer Programmer and Engineer who is best known for his work on the Apple Inc Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940) is an American Computer scientist, known for his early pioneering work on Object-oriented programming Guy Kawasaki (Born August 30, 1954) one of the original Apple employees responsible for marketing the Macintosh in 1984 is a Silicon Donald Arthur Norman (born December 25 1935 according to Time Almanac 2008 is a Professor emeritus of Cognitive science at University of California San Rich Page was the manager of the Lisa group at Apple Computer in the 1980s and he later joined Steve Jobs at NeXT. [81]
Environmental Record
Apple has a track record of being an environmentally conscious company. Four areas of particular attention are product and packaging design, responsible manufacturing, energy efficiency, and recycling. Design dictates the quantity of raw materials, type and recylability of materials, energy consumption required for manufacturing and use, and the ease of recycling. Like other flat panel displays, Apple's displays eliminate more than two pounds of lead, consume up to 80% less energy in sleep mode, and weigh half as much as their CRT counterparts. Apple plans to completely eliminate the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in its products, and arsenic in the glass of flat-panel displays by the end of 2008. [86]
The EPA rates Apple Computer highest amongst producers of notebook computers, and fairly well compared to producers of desktop computers and LCD displays. [87]
In 2007, Apple released its first MacBook Pro with mercury free LED backlit display and in 2008 released its first MacBook Pro with arsenic free LCD. [88]
Since 2004, Greenpeace has attacked Apple for not setting a timeline to remove PVC and BFRs, which still exist in recent products such as the iPod nano and MacBook; and for not promoting a global end-of-life take back plan for Apple hardware (although it does within Europe and Japan where this is required by law); as well as for not having reusable components. Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972 Brominated flame retardants are a group of Flame retardants that consist of organic compounds containing Bromine. The iPod Nano (marketed lowercase as iPod nano) is a Portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The MacBook is a Macintosh Notebook computer by Apple Inc that replaced the iBook G4 series For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. [89] As of December 2006, Greenpeace ranked Apple last out of ten electronics companies in dealing with toxic substances in their products, mostly due to a lack of relevant documentation and timelines. [90] On May 2, 2007, Steve Jobs released an open letter named A Greener Apple,[91] responding to some of the allegations. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In his letter, Jobs stated:
In one environmental group’s recent scorecard, Dell, HP and Lenovo all scored higher than Apple because of their plans (or “plans for releasing plans” in the case of HP). Apple claims to be ahead of all of these companies in eliminating toxic chemicals from its products. [91]
A study in January 2006 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency found that Apple's hardware compares favorably with that of its major competitors on environmental friendliness. [92]
On June 5, 2007, Apple updated their MacBook Pro product line. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This hardware update is environmentally notable because LEDs fully replaced cold cathode lamps in the 15 inch MacBook Pro's display backlighting,[93] a first for Apple laptops (the iPod has had LED backlighting since its creation in 2001). A cold cathode is an element used within some Nixie tubes Gas discharge lamps Gas filled tubes and Vacuum tubes Cold cathodes do not This ameliorates Apple's environmental stance, as cold cathode lamps contain mercury, whereas LEDs do not. Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum
At the 2007 Macworld Expo, environmentalists such as Greenpeace presented a critique of Apple. Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972 Rick Hind, the legislative director of Greenpeace's toxics campaign, said, "(The company) is getting greener, but not green enough. " Hind commented further, "The Macbook Air has less toxic PVC plastic and less toxic BFRs, but it could have zero and that would make Apple an eco-leader. "[94] Climate Counts, a nonprofit organization dedicated to directing consumers toward the greenest companies, gave Macintosh an 11 points out of a possible 100 which places the company last among electronic corporations. Climate counts also labelled Macintosh with a "stuck icon," and the environmental group added that Macintosh was, "a choice to avoid for the climate conscious consumer. "[95] On the other hand, Macintosh CEO Steve Jobs, stated to the environmentalists, "get out of the computer business (and) go save some whales. "[94]
Users
According to surveys by J. D. Power, Apple has the highest brand and repurchase loyalty of any computer manufacturer. JD Power III (born James David Power on May 30 1931 in Worcester, Massachusetts) is the founder of the marketing firm J While this brand loyalty is considered unusual for any product, Apple appears not to have gone out of its way to create it. At one time, Apple evangelists were actively engaged by the company, but this was after the phenomenon was already firmly established. An Apple evangelist, also known as Mac(intosh evangelist, and Mac advocate is a promoter of the Apple Macintosh platform Apple evangelist Guy Kawasaki has called the brand fanaticism "something that was stumbled upon". Guy Kawasaki (Born August 30, 1954) one of the original Apple employees responsible for marketing the Macintosh in 1984 is a Silicon [96] Apple has, however, supported the continuing existence of a network of Mac User Groups in most major and many minor centers of population where Mac computers are available. A users' group (also users group or user group) is a type of Club focused on the use of a particular Technology, usually (but not always
Mac users meet at the European Apple Expo and the San Francisco Macworld Conference & Expo trade shows where Apple introduces new products each year to the industry and public. The Apple Expo is a European annual Sales conference and Technology exposition held by Apple Inc Produced by Boston -based IDG World Expo, Macworld Conference & Expo is a trade show dedicated to the Apple Macintosh platform with conference tracks held Mac developers in turn gather at the annual Apple Worldwide Developers Conference.
Apple Store openings can draw crowds of thousands, with some waiting in line as much as a day before the opening or flying in from other countries for the event. The Apple Store is a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc [97] The New York City Fifth Avenue "Cube" store had a line as long as half a mile; a few Mac fans took the opportunity of the setting to propose marriage. The City of New York [98] The Ginza opening in Tokyo was estimated in the thousands with a line exceeding eight city blocks. [99]
John Sculley told The Guardian newspaper in 1997: "People talk about technology, but Apple was a marketing company. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. It was the marketing company of the decade. "[100]
Market research indicates that Apple draws its customer base from an unusually artistic, creative, and well-educated population, which may explain the platform’s visibility within certain youthful, avant-garde subcultures. [101]
Criticism
Apple has received criticism for not notifying users of system vulnerabilities until a fix is released,[102] meaning users are vulnerable to known security flaws until the fix is released. In Cryptography and Computer security, security through obscurity (sometimes security by obscurity) is a controversial principle in Security engineering
Longtime Apple consumers have claimed to observe a marked decline in the reliability and durability of the company's computing and iPod lines, particularly since Apple's migration to Intel processors in 2006. [103] The MacBook and MacBook Pro series of laptop computers in particular drew considerable criticism for problems associated with malfunctioning fans, surface discolouration, excessive heat production (up to 80 degrees celsius), and warping cases and batteries, particularly among "revision A" models. The Dublin office of the European Consumer Centre (ECC) consumer body has reported a rise in complaints about products made by Apple, many of which relate to an alleged design fault in some Apple laptops that causes the computer to break down after a year's usage, just outside the company's warranty period. ECC Dublin claims there is a problem with "built-in obsolescence" in some well-known Apple products such as laptops and iPods. [104] It is difficult to estimate the proportion of faults per unit shipped due to the naturally self-selecting tendency of the sample of a consumer base reporting faults. Self-selection is a term used to indicate any situation in which individuals select themselves into a group. However, the existence of a website, AppleDefects.com, dedicated solely to the discussion of faults with Apple's post-Intel transition product portfolio would appear to vindicate some of the claims being made. [105][106] In conjunction with the above, Apple has been criticised for treating early adopters of new hardware like "guinea pigs" - in effect using their experiences to iron out bugs in subsequent revisions. One website states that "The conventional wisdom is to not buy "Rev A" Apple hardware". [107] The iPhone was particularly subject to this accusation after the price of the phone was reduced by $200 just two months after its release, resulting in a flood of complaints to Apple. [108] Apple did however attempt to rectify complaints by offering $100 store credit to early iPhone customers.
Apple has been accused of pressuring journalists to release their sources, with regards to leaked information about new Apple products, going as far as filing lawsuits against "John Does". The Name " John Doe " is used as a Placeholder name for a male party in a legal action case or discussion whose true identity is either unknown or [109] In particular, Apple fought a protracted battle against the Think Secret web site, eventually ending in a settlement that closed the web site but maintained the anonymity of its sources. Think Secret, founded in 1998, was a web site which specialized in publishing reports and rumors about Apple Inc
Apple also has received criticism for its iPhone and iPod integration with iTunes for not facilitating creation of software to run and maintain those devices using different applications tools besides iTunes. [110]
Similarly, Apple has not licensed its Fairplay DRM system to any other company, preventing users to listening to DRM protected music bought from sources other than the iTunes Store. By not allowing other companies or individuals to interoperate with its DRM system, Apple prevents competition and divides the market. For that reason, most other online music stores which use DRM use the Windows Media format, which is incompatible with Apple products.
Apple has been criticized for possible sweatshop conditions in factories in China where contract manufacturers make its iPod. A sweatshop is a working environment with very difficult or dangerous conditions usually where the workers have few rights or ways to address their situation China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National A contract manufacturer ("CM" is a firm that manufactures components or products for another "hiring" firm [111] Immediately after the allegations, Apple launched an extensive investigation and worked with their manufacturers to remove all sweatshop conditions found. [112]
Apple also has received criticism and two class-action lawsuits at both state and federal level about its iPhone product only being allowed service through a single mobile service provider in each country it has been released in (AT&T in the US, O2 in the UK), citing monopolistic and antitrust allegations between the two companies. In Law, a class action or a representative action is a form of Lawsuit where a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient [113] Software updates (maliciously or not) initially made unlocked iPhones unusable ("bricked"), however the most recent update revives the phone. Currently there is no official way to unlock an iPhone, and it cannot be bought unlocked for use on any network.
Another common criticism of Apple is that its products are often not user serviceable, instead requiring they be returned to Apple for repairs and upgrades. Typical examples include the batteries in the iPod, iPhone and MacBook Air which are non-user replaceable, and the difficulty of installing simple upgrades (e. g. replacing the hard drive) in MacBook Pros. In the past it was possible for consumers to replace iPod batteries themselves following instructions on popular websites, but more recently Apple has opted to solder batteries to the casing, forcing owners to pay a premium to Apple for the service.
See also
References
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- ^ a b Apple Computer 10-K 2006 (December 29, 2006). Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull
- ^ Apple Store—Store List. Apple Inc. . Retrieved on 2007-12-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.
- ^ a b Apple Investor Relations FAQ, Apple. Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Form 8-K SEC Filing (pdf) (January 10, 2007). Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-12-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.
- ^ Markoff, John (January 9, 2007). Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Mobile Phone Signals Apple’s Ambition. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-01-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- ^ Apple, Google tops in loyalty survey. MacNN (July 11, 2006). The Macintosh News Network ( MacNN) is a source for Macintosh, Apple, ITunes and IPod related news Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
- ^ Cantrell, Amanda. Apple's remarkable comeback story, CNN, 2006-03-29. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Ehrenfried, Marcus. History of the Apple Mac, April 2004. Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ IOL Technology - Co-founder tells his side of Apple story
- ^ NPR : A Chat with Computing Pioneer Steve Wozniak
- ^ Wozniak, Stephen. Homebrew and How the Apple Came to Be, Digital Deli. Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Kahney, Leander. Rebuilding an Apple From the Past, Wired, 2002-11-19. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
- ^ BBC News: History of Technology. Accessed January 19, 2008.
- ^ Computer History Museum (ComputerHistory.org). Accessed January 19, 2008.
- ^ Game Makers (TV Show): Apple II]. Originally aired January 6, 2005.
- ^ Picture of original ad featuring $666.66 price
- ^ Wozniak, Steven: "iWoz", page 180. iWoz From Computer Geek to Cult Icon How I Invented the Personal Computer Co-Founded Apple and Had Fun Doing It (ISBN 0-393-06143-4 is a 2006 Autobiography of W. W. Norton, 2006. W W Norton & Company is an American book publishing company that has remained independent since its founding ISBN 13:978-0-393-06143-7
- ^ Linzmayer, Owen W. (1999), Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc. (1st ed. ), San Francisco: No Starch Press, pp. 37-38, ISBN 1-886411028-X, <http://www.appleconfidential.com/>
- ^ [1], MSN Encarta Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ a b Hormby, Thomas. VisiCalc and the rise of the Apple II, Low End Mac, 2006-09-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Personal Computer Market Share: 1975-2004 The figures show Mac higher, but that is not a single model.
- ^ Coventry, Joshua. Apple III Chaos: What Happened When Apple Tried to Enter the Business Market, Low End Mac, 2006-09-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ a b Hormby, Thomas. A history of Apple's Lisa, 1979-1986, Low End Mac, 2005-10-06. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus | Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Apple's 1984: The Introduction of the Macintosh in the Cultural History of Personal Computers
- ^ Apple's '1984' Super Bowl commercial still stands as watershed event
- ^ Leopold, Todd (3 February 2006). Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Why 2006 isn't like '1984'. CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2008-05-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
- ^ Cellini, Adelia (January, 2004). The Story Behind Apple's '1984' TV commercial: Big Brother at 20. MacWorld 21. Not to be confused with McWorld, a term for globalisation Macworld is a web site and monthly Computer magazine dedicated 1, page 18. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
- ^ a b Hormby, Thomas. Good-bye Woz and Jobs: How the first Apple era ended in 1985, Low End Mac, 2006-10-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ When was desktop publishing invented? Retrieved on 2007-04-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
- ^ a b Hormby, Thomas. Growing Apple with the Macintosh: The Sculley years, Low End Mac, 2006-02-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Hormby, Thomas. Birth of the PowerBook: How Apple took over the portable market in 1991, Low End Mac, 2005-11-23. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Hormby, Thomas. The Apple vs. Microsoft GUI lawsuit, Low End Mac, 2006-08-25. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ http://apple2history.org/history/ah11.html#11
- ^ Apple Computer, Inc. Finalizes Acquisition of NeXT Software Inc., Apple Inc. , 1997-02-07. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Retrieved on 2006-06-25. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians
- ^ Microsoft and Apple Affirm Commitment to Build Next Generation Software for Macintosh, Apple Inc. , 1997-08-06. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
- ^ Grossman, Lev. The Apple Of Your Ear, TIME, 2007-01-12. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Retrieved on 2007-02-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Wilson, Greg. Private iCreator is genius behind Apple's polish, New York Daily News, 2007-01-14. The Daily News of New York City is the fifth most-widely circulated daily Newspaper in the United States with a daily circulation of 703137 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Retrieved on 2007-02-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Sandoval, Greg (April 15, 2007). Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Apple exhibits Final Cut Studio 2. CNet. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.
- ^ Apple enjoys ongoing iPod demand, BBC News, 2006-01-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Retrieved on 2007-04-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ iTunes Store Tops Three Billion Songs, Apple Inc. ,2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
- ^ Apple to Use Intel Microprocessors Beginning in 2006, Apple Inc. , 2005-06-06. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Hesseldahl, Arik (April 5, 2006). Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. News Flash: Apple Introduces "Boot Camp" To Run Windows XP on Macs. BusinessWeek. BusinessWeek is a business Magazine published by McGraw-Hill. Retrieved on 2007-11-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull
- ^ Hormby, Thomas. NeXT, OpenStep, and the triumphant return of Steve Jobs, Low End Mac, 2005-11-15. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Gamet, Jeff. Apple Passes Dell's Market Cap, MacObserver, 2006-01-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Singh, Jal. Dell: Apple should close shop, CNET News, 1997-10-06. CNET Networks Inc is a media company based in San Francisco California, United States, and is part of CBS Interactive, owned Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ AAPL surges past $100, target at $140, MacNN, 2007-04-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
- ^ a b Jobs, Steve. Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation Thoughts on Music, Apple Inc. , 2007-02-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Retrieved on 2007-03-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Dalrymple, Jim. Apple, EMI offer higher-quality DRM free downloads, Playlist Magazine, 2007-02-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Retrieved on 2007-04-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Reardon, Marguerite (April 9, 2007). Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Apple ships 100 millionth iPod. CNet. CNET Networks Inc is a media company based in San Francisco California, United States, and is part of CBS Interactive, owned Retrieved on 2007-07-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians
- ^ 3G iPhone: What it means - a look at the hardware. TUAW (June 9, 2008). Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-06-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
- ^ 1394 Trade Association: What is 1394?
- ^ iPod with touch wheel Technical Specifications
- ^ Hafner, Katie: Steve Jobs's Review of His Biography: Ban It, The New York Times, 2005-04-30. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
- ^ Apple gobbles up Cupertino office space - Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal:
- ^ The Bay Area: Apple Inc. (HTML). traveldk. com. Dorling Kindersley Limited. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
- ^ BBB Tells Apple to Halt Misleading Ads
- ^ Apple Power Mac ads 'misleading'
- ^ UK watchdog clears Apple ads
- ^ Wired News: Apple Doin' the Logo-Motion
- ^ Understanding the Enigma of the Apple Computer Logo
- ^ Apple Company. Operating System Documentation Project. Operating System Documentation Project (2007-12-10). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Retrieved on 2007-12-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian
- ^ news.com: Apple vs. Apple: Perfect harmony?
- ^ legalzoom.com: Apple v Apple: What is at the core of The Beatles’ Apple Records vs. Apple Ipod...
- ^ Apple Corps Ltd. v. Apple Computer, Inc., Royal Courts of Justice
- ^ Pfanner, Eric. See also the Royal Courts of Justice Belfast. The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is the building in "2 Apples End a Long-Running Trademark Fight", The New York Times, 2007-02-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.
- ^ "Steve Jobs' Apple Inc. Wins Control of 'Apple' Brand From Beatles' Apple Corps", FoxNews, 2007-02-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
- ^ news.com
- ^ macobserver.com
- ^ Home-Apple iPod Settlement
- ^ AppleInsider | Creative seeks injunction against Apple
- ^ "Cisco sues Apple over use of iPhone trademark", CNET, 2007-01-10. CNET Networks Inc is a media company based in San Francisco California, United States, and is part of CBS Interactive, owned Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ "Cisco and Apple can both use iPhone name", Reuters, 2007-02-22. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
- ^ Apple Faces Two Lawsuits for Alleged Copyright Violations, Engadget. Engadget is a multilingual technology weblog and Podcast (with the latter on hold as of August 31 2007) about consumer electronics
- ^ Apple to Investigate Stock Option Grants, Apple Inc. , 2006-06-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
- ^ Apple’s Special Committee Reports Findings of Stock Option Investigation, Apple Inc. , 2006-10-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
- ^ Mintz, Howard; Wolverton, Troy. Apple's Steve Jobs likely to avoid criminal charges in options probe, San Jose Mercury News, 2007-04-21. The San Jose Mercury News is the major daily Newspaper in San Jose California and Silicon Valley. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
- ^ Gullo, Karen; Guglielmo, Connie. Apple's Jobs Questioned in Options Probe, Lawyers Say (Update3), Bloomberg L.P., 2007-01-23. Bloomberg LP is a financial software services news and data company Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
- ^ a b c d e SEC Charges Former Apple General Counsel for Illegal Stock Option Backdating, SEC, 2007-04-24. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (commonly known as the SEC) is an independent agency of the United States government which holds primary responsibility Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
- ^ Apple Corporate Culture
- ^ a b c d Hertzfeld, Andy. Andy Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953) was a key member of the original Apple Macintosh development team Credit Where Due,Folklore. org, January 1983. Retrieved on 2006-05-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
- ^ Newton Hall of Fame!
- ^ a b c Eisenhart, Mary. Fighting Back For Mac, MicroTimes, 1997. Retrieved on 2006-05-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
- ^ Hertzfeld, Andy. Andy Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953) was a key member of the original Apple Macintosh development team Leave of Absence,Folklore. org, March 1984. Retrieved on 2006-05-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
- ^ Kawakami, John. Apple Taps Guy Kawasaki For Apple Fellows Program, MacTech, September 1995. Retrieved on 2006-05-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
- ^ Apple - Environment
- ^ EPA Gives Apple Silver Rating on Environment || The Mac Observer
- ^ Apple - A Greener Apple
- ^ iTox + iWaste, A greener Apple. Retrieved on 2006-11-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ Greenpeace Press Release Greener electronics Apple ranking: Second Edition, 2006-12-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev
- ^ a b Jobs, Steve. Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation A Greener Apple, Apple Inc. , 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Retrieved on 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ name=redgreenpeace; EPA information should make GreenPeace red-faced over Apple targeting, Ars Technica. Ars Technica (ˌɑrz ˈtɛknɨkə Latin for "Art of Technology" is a Technology -related Website that caters to PC enthusiasts covering technology Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army
- ^ Apple: MacBook Pro Graphics. Retrieved on 2007-06-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ a b Apple's 'Green' Notebook Doesn't Impress Environmentalists 16 Jan 2008 retrieved 14 May 2008
- ^ Environmental Group Hits Apple May 9, 2008 retrieved 14 May 2008
- ^ Huba, Jackie; McConnell, Ben. The father of evangelism marketing.
- ^ Apple Store: Chain of Devotion
- ^ ifo Apple Store - Fifth Avenue Grand Opening
- ^ JapanConsuming.com: Apple in Osaka
- ^ Wired News: Apple: It's All About the Brand
- ^ Fried, Ian. Ina Fried (born Ian Fried) is a senior staff Are Mac users smarter?, news.com, 2002-07-12. CNET Networks Inc is a media company based in San Francisco California, United States, and is part of CBS Interactive, owned See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Retrieved on 2006-04-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
- ^ PC World - Apple Bug-Hunt Begins
- ^ Apple quality control broken? · Fingertips
- ^ ENN - In the papers 30 May
- ^ Quality control problems or growing pains at Apple?.
- ^ The Sydney Morning Herald Blogs: MashUp
- ^ How do I tell what revision Apple hardware is? | Ask Metafilter
- ^ The Business Ethics Blog: Were iPhone Early-Adopters "Abused?", by Chris MacDonald
- ^ Apple v. Does, EFF, 2006-05-26. The Electronic Frontier Foundation ( EFF) is an international non-profit advocacy and legal organization based in the United States with the stated purpose of being dedicated Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ BBC NEWS | Technology | Time for Apple to face the music?
- ^ Sweatshop Conditions at IPod Factory Reported
- ^ Apple, IT and the Specter of Sweatshop Labor
- ^ Apple, AT&T sued over iPhone restrictions - U.S. business - MSNBC.com
- History
- Rob Price (1987). "So Far: The First Ten Years of a Vision". Apple Computer. ISBN 1-55693-974-4.
- Ken Polsson. Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers. Retrieved on 2006-07-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England.
- Apple III history. Retrieved on 2006-08-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
- Apple II history. Retrieved on 2006-07-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England.
Further reading
- Gil Amelio, William L. Gilbert F Amelio (born March 1, 1943 in New York City) is an American technology executive Simon (1999), On the Firing Line: My 500 Days at Apple ISBN 0-88730-919-4
- Jim Carlton, Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania and Business Blunders ISBN 0-88730-965-8
- Alan Deutschman (2000), The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, Broadway, ISBN 0-76790-432-X
- Andy Hertzfeld (2004), Revolution in the Valley, O'Reilly Books ISBN 0-596-00719-1
- Paul Kunkel, AppleDesign: The Work of the Apple Industrial Design Group ISBN 1-888001-25-9
- Steven Levy (1994), Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything ISBN 0-14-029177-6
- Owen Linzmayer (2004), Apple Confidential 2.0, No Starch Press ISBN 1-59327-010-0
- Michael S. Malone (1999), Infinite Loop ISBN 0-385-48684-7
- Frank Rose (1990), West of Eden: The End of Innocence at Apple Computer, Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-009372-9
- John Sculley, John A. Andy Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953) was a key member of the original Apple Macintosh development team Steven Levy (born 1951 is an American Journalist who has written several books on computers technology Cryptography, the Internet cybersecurity Apple Confidential is a softback Book documenting the history of Apple Computer, written by Owen Linzmayer. Michael S Malone is an American author a former editor of Forbes and host of a talk show on PBS. Penguin Books is a British Publisher founded in 1935 by Allen Lane. John Sculley (born April 6 1939) is an American businessman Sculley was vice-president (1970-1977 and president of PepsiCo (1977-1983 until Byrne (1987) Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple, Harpercollins, ISBN 0-06-015780-1
- Steve Wozniak, Gina Smith (2006), iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-06143-4
- Jeffrey S. iWoz From Computer Geek to Cult Icon How I Invented the Personal Computer Co-Founded Apple and Had Fun Doing It (ISBN 0-393-06143-4 is a 2006 Autobiography of W W Norton & Company is an American book publishing company that has remained independent since its founding Young (1988). Steve Jobs, The Journey is the Reward, Lynx Books, ISBN 1-55802-378-X
- Jeffrey S. Young, William L. Simon (2005), iCon Steve Jobs: The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business, Wiley, ISBN 0-47172-083-6
External links
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