The word apanage or appanage stems from the Late Latin apanare meaning "to give bread" (panem, compare the French court title Grand panetier), a pars pro toto for food and other necessities, hence for a "subsistence" income, notably in kind, as from assigned land. Vulgar Latin (in Latin sermo vulgaris, "folk speech" is a Blanket term covering the popular Dialects and Sociolects of the Latin The Grand Panetier (roughly "Great Breadmaster" sometimes rendered as Panter) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, a member of the

The system of appanage was frequently used to bestow an estate and titles on the non-heirs of a sovereign prince throughout most of Europe, such as Charles IX of Sweden being made duke of Södermanland by his royal father. Charles IX (Karl IX ( 4 October 1550 – 30 October 1611) was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death sometimes referred to under its Latin form Sudermannia, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden.

The system of appanage has greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and The Germanies in particular and explains the flag of many provinces of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The Kingdom of France was organised into Provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département

Appanage is also the word used to describe the funds given by the state to certain royal families, for instance the annual income given the Danish Royal Family. The Danish Royal Family includes The Queen of Denmark and her family

The original appanage: in France

History of the French appanage

An appanage was a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons, while the eldest son became king on the death of his father. Appanages were considered as part of the inheritance transmitted to the puisne (french puisné, 'later born') sons; the word Juveigneur (from the Latin comparartive Iuvenior, 'younger [brother]'; in Brittany's customary law only the youngest brother) was specifically used for the royal princes holding an appanage. These lands could not be sold, neither hypothetically nor as a dowry, and returned to the royal domain on the extinction of the princely line. Daughters were excluded from the system: a now-archaic interpretation of salic law generally prohibited daughters from inheriting land and also from acceding to the throne. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages

The appanage system was used to gild the pill of the primogeniture to avoid civil war among throne contenders or the division of the kingdom among princes of royal blood. Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings It was used in this way in 843, by the Treaty of Verdun, when Louis the Pious divided his empire between his sons Lothair and Louis the German. Events By Place Europe The Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the 3 sons of Louis the In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne 's grandsons divided his territories the Carolingian Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Lothair I ( German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 &ndash 29 September 855) Louis (also Ludwig or Lewis) the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian) (806 &ndash August 28, 876 This division was a source of antagonism between France and Germany, less so in France, since the treaty was imposed on Lothair by Louis. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

Hugh Capet was elected King of France on the death of Louis V in 987. Hugh Capet (c 940 &ndash 24 October, 996) was the first King of France of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the Louis V (c 967 – 21 May 987) called the Indolent or the Sluggard (from French Louis le Fainéant, meaning "Louis Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. The royal line of France from 987 to 1328 broke entirely away from the Merovingian and Carolingian custom of dividing the kingdom among all the sons. Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the The eldest son alone became King and received the royal domain except for the appanages. Most of the Capetians endeavored to add to the royal domain by the incorporation of additional fiefs, large or small, and thus gradually obtained the direct lordship over almost all of France. For the Direct Capetians, who ruled France 987&ndash1328 see the House of Capet.

King Charles V tried to remove the appanage system, but in vain. Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Provinces conceded in appanage tended to become de facto independent and the authority of the king was recognized there reluctantly. Theoretically appanages could be reincorporated into the royal domain but only if the last lord had no male heirs. Kings tried as much as possible to rid themselves of the most powerful appanages: for example, Francis I confiscated the Bourbonnais, the last appanage of any importance then, after the treason in 1523 of his commander in chief, Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, the 'constable of Bourbon' (died 1527 in the service of Emperor Charles V). Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Duke of Bourbon (Duc de Bourbon is a title in the Peerage of France. Charles III of Bourbon-Montpensier Eighth Duke of Bourbon ( February 17 1490 &ndash May 6, 1527 in Rome) was Count of Montpensier Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was

The first article of the Edict of Moulins (1566) declared that the royal domain (defined in the second article as all the land controlled by the crown for more than ten years) could not be alienated, except in two cases: by interlocking, in the case of financial emergency, with a perpetual option to repurchase the land; and to form an appanage, which must return to the crown in its original state on the extinction of the male line. Moulins is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. The apanagist (incumbent) therefore could not separate himself from his appanage in any way.

• After Charles V of France, a clear distinction had to be made between titles given as names to children in France, and true appanages. Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member At their birth the French princes received a title independent of an appanage. Thus, the Duke of Anjou, son of Louis XIV, never possessed Anjou and never received any revenue from this province. List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The king waited until the prince had reached adulthood and was about to marry before endowing him with an appanage. The goal of the appanage was to provide him with a sufficient income to maintain his noble rank. The fief given in appanage could be the same as the title given to the prince, but this was not necessarily the case. Only seven appanages were given from 1515 to 1789. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

• Appanages were abolished in 1792 before the proclamation of the Republic. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The youngest princes from then on were to receive a grant of money but no territory.
• Appanages were reestablished under the first French empire by Napoleon Bonaparte and confirmed by the Bourbon restoration-king Louis XVIII. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. The last of the appanges, the Orléanais, was reincorporated to the French crown when the Duke of Orleans, Louis-Philippe, became king of the French in 1830. Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display

• The word apanage is still used in French figuratively, in a non-historic sense: “to have appanage over something” is used, often in an ironic and negative sense, to claim exclusive possession over something. For example, “cows have appanage over prions. A prion (ˈpriːɒn is thought to be an infectious agent that according to current scientific consensus is comprised entirely of a propagated, mis-folded ”

List of major French appanages

• Louis VI
  • The County of Dreux for the king's third son Robert. Louis VI ( 1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137) called the Fat (le Gros was King of France from 1108 until his death (1137 The Counts of Dreux in France took their title from the chief stronghold of their domain the château of Dreux, which lies near the boundary between Normandy Robert I of Dreux, (Robert I Capet nicknamed the Great (c 1123 &ndash October 11, 1188) was the fifth son of Louis VI of France and
• Philip II
  • The Counties of Domfront and Mortain for the king's younger son Philippe Hurupel. Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death The County of Mortain was a medieval county in France centered on the town of Mortain.
• Louis VIII, by his 1225 will, granted
  • The County of Artois to his second son Robert. Louis VIII the Lion ( 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226 The County of Artois (comté d'Artois graafschap Artesië was a Carolingian county (comitatus established in Western Francia. Robert I "the Good" (1216 &ndash February 8 1250) was Count of Artois. Artois was lost by Robert's male heirs, passing through a female line, and eventually was inherited by the Dukes of Burgundy. Louis XI seized it upon the death of Charles the Bold in 1477, but his son returned it to Charles's heirs in preparation for his invasion of Italy in 1493. Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Charles the Bold or Charles the Rash (Charles le Téméraire ( 21 November 1433 &ndash 5 January 1477) baptised Charles Martin
  • The Counties of Anjou and Maine to his third son John. List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans. This title returned to the crown when John died without heirs in 1232.
  • The Counties of Poitou and Auvergne to his fourth son Alphonse. Among the men who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne. History In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians Alfonso or Alphonse ( 11 November 1220 &ndash 21 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse This title returned to the crown when Alphonse died without heirs in 1271.
• Louis IX endowed
  • 1246 - The Counties of Anjou and Maine to his youngest brother, Charles. List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest These titles passed to Charles's granddaughter, who married Charles, Count of Valois, the younger son of Philip III, and thence to their son, Philip. Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the When Philip inherited the throne as Philip VI, the titles merged into the crown.
  • The County of Orleans to his eldest son, Philip. Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was This title returned to the crown when Philip succeeded his father in 1270.
  • ca. 1268 - The County of Valois to his second son, John Tristan. The Valois, originally Val d'Ois, was a region in the valley of the Oise river in modern Picardy. This title became extinct upon John Tristan's death in 1270.
  • 1268 - The Counties of Alençon and Perche to his third son, Pierre. Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history county of Perche was a medieval county lying between Normandy and Maine. This title became extinct on Pierre's death in 1284.
  • 1269 - The County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis to his fourth son, Robert. Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvasis first appear in the early 11th century Robert of France (1256 &ndash February 7 1317) was made Count of Clermont in 1268 Robert's son, Louis, was later given the Duchy of Bourbon, which was treated as an apanage, although it was not technically one. Louis I of Bourbon, le Boiteux, the Lame ( Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, 1279 &ndash January 29 1342) was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis Duke of Bourbon (Duc de Bourbon is a title in the Peerage of France. Louis later traded Clermont for La Marche with his cousin Charles, Count of Angoulême, younger brother of King Philip V. Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and These titles remained in the Bourbon family until they were confiscated due to the treason of Charles III, Duke of Bourbon in 1527. Charles III of Bourbon-Montpensier Eighth Duke of Bourbon ( February 17 1490 &ndash May 6, 1527 in Rome) was Count of Montpensier
• Philip III
  • The County of Valois to his second son Charles. Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was The Valois, originally Val d'Ois, was a region in the valley of the Oise river in modern Picardy. Charles of Valois ( March 12, 1270 &ndash December 16, 1325) was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon Charles was later given the Counties of Alençon, Perche, and Chartres by his brother, Philip IV of France. Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history county of Perche was a medieval county lying between Normandy and Maine. The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. Valois passed to Charles's eldest son, Philip upon his death in 1325, and returned to the crown when Philip became King Philip VI in 1328. Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the Alençon and Perche passed to Charles's younger son, Charles. A descendant was raised to the dignity of Duke of Alençon. These titles returned to the crown upon the extinction of the Alençon line in 1525.
  • The County of Beaumont-sur-Oise to his third son Louis. Louis of France Count d'Évreux (May 3 1276 &ndash May 19, 1319, Paris) was the third son of King Philip III the Bold with his second wife Louis was later given the County of Évreux by his brother Philip IV. Évreux is a commune in Haute-Normandie in northern France in the Eure department, of which it is the capital These titles returned to the throne upon the death of Queen Blanche of Navarre in 1441.
• Philip IV endowed
  • the County of Poitou for his second son, Philip. Among the men who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and This title returned to the throne when Philip became king in 1316.
  • the Counties of La Marche and Angoulême for his third son, Charles IV. The County of Marche (la Marcha was a Medieval French County, approximately corresponding to the modern département of Creuse Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and Charles later traded La Marche for the County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis with the Duke of Bourbon. Duke of Bourbon (Duc de Bourbon is a title in the Peerage of France. These titles returned to the throne when Charles became king in 1322.
• Philip VI endowed the
  • the Duchy of Normandy for his elder son John. Philip VI (1293 &ndash 22 August 1350) known as the Fortunate ( French: le Fortuné) and of Valois, was the Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy This title returned to the throne when John succeeded his father in 1350.
  • the Duchy of Orléans for his younger son Philip. Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Philip of Valois (born July 1, 1336 at Vincennes - died September 1, 1376 at Orléans) Duke of Orléans, of This title returned to the throne when Philip died without issue in 1375.
• John II the Good, on his departure to England in 1360, granted
  • the Duchies of Anjou and of Maine to his second son Louis. John II (16 April 1319 &ndash 8 April 1364 called John the Good (Jean le Bon was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans. Louis I of Anjou ( July 23, 1339 &ndash September 20, 1384) was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg This title returned to the throne upon the death of duke Charles IV, Louis I's great-grandson, in 1481. Charles IV Duke of Anjou, also Charles of Maine Count of Le Maine and Guise (1436&ndash1481 was the son of the Angevin prince Charles of Le Maine,
  • the Duchies of Berry and of Auvergne to his third son John. The title of Duke of Berry ( duc de Berry) in the French Nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne. History In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians John of Valois, the Magnificent, ( November 30 1340 &ndash March 15 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne These titles returned to the throne upon John's death without male issue in 1416.
  • In 1363, John II granted the Duchy of Burgundy to his fourth son Philip. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which Philip the Bold (Philippe le Hardi also Philip II Duke of Burgundy ( January 15, 1342, Pontoise &ndash April 27, 1404 Upon the death of Philip's great-grandson Charles the Bold in 1477, King Louis XI claimed the reversion of Burgundy and seized the territory. Charles the Bold or Charles the Rash (Charles le Téméraire ( 21 November 1433 &ndash 5 January 1477) baptised Charles Martin Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle It continued to be claimed, however, by Charles's daughter Marie and her heirs. Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash When Marie's grandson Emperor Charles V defeated and captured Francis I at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, he forced Francis to sign a treaty recognizing him as Duke of Burgundy, but Francis disavowed the treaty when he was released, and the cession was revoked by the Treaty of Cambrai four years later. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 The War of the League of Cognac (1526–30 was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V —primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire Charles and his heirs reserved their claims, however, and this reservation was repeated as late as the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, when Philip IV of Spain continued to reserve his rights to the Duchy. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War. Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and
• Charles VI granted
  • the Duchy of Orléans and the County of Angoulême to his brother Louis in 1392. Charles VI (3 December 1368 &ndash 21 October 1422 called the Well-loved (le Bien-Aimé and the Mad (French le Fol or le Fou) was the Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Louis of Valois ( March 13 1372 &ndash November 23 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death This title returned to the crown when Louis's grandson became Louis XII of France in 1498. Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king
• Louis XI granted
  • the Duchies of Normandy, Berry, and Guyenne to his younger brother Charles. Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the The title of Duke of Berry ( duc de Berry) in the French Nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the These titles returned to the crown when Charles died in 1472.
• Francis I granted
  • the Duchies of Orléans, Angoulême, and Châtellerault and the Counties of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche to his second surviving son, Charles in 1540. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. The French noble title of Duc de Châtellerault has been created several times Counts of Clermont-en-Beauvasis first appear in the early 11th century The County of Marche (la Marcha was a Medieval French County, approximately corresponding to the modern département of Creuse Charles of Valois Duke of Orléans ( November 24, 1394 &ndash January 5, 1465) became Duke of Orléans in 1407 following the murder To this was added the Duchy of Bourbon in 1544. Duke of Bourbon (Duc de Bourbon is a title in the Peerage of France. These titles returned to the crown when Charles died without issue in 1545.
• Charles IX granted
  • the Duchies of Anjou and Bourbonnais and the County of Forez to the older of his two brothers, Henry, in 1566. Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Henry III of France (Henri III Henryk ( September 19 1551 – August 2, 1589) He added the Duchy of Auvergne to these holdings in 1569. This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne. History In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians The titles returned to the crown when Henry succeeded his brother in 1574.
  • the Duchies of Alençon and Château-Thierry and the Counties of Perche, Mantes, and Meulan to his youngest brother, Francis in 1566. Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history county of Perche was a medieval county lying between Normandy and Maine. The county of Meulan, in Normandy, France appeared as an entity within the region of the Vexin when the otherwise unknown Count Waleran established an independent Hercule François Duke of Anjou and Alençon, often simply referred to as "the Duke of Alençon" ( March 18, 1555 &ndash June 19 To this he later added the Duchy of Évreux and the County of Dreux in 1569. The Counts of Dreux in France took their title from the chief stronghold of their domain the château of Dreux, which lies near the boundary between Normandy Francis's other brother, Henry III, increased his holdings still further in 1576, granting him the Duchies of Anjou, Touraine, and Berry and the County of Maine. Henry III of France (Henri III Henryk ( September 19 1551 – August 2, 1589) List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Touraine may also refer to Alain Touraine, French sociologist The title of Duke of Berry ( duc de Berry) in the French Nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans. All these titles returned to the crown upon Francis's death without issue in 1584.
• Louis XIII granted
  • The Duchies of Orléans and Chartres and the County of Blois to his younger brother Gaston in 1626. For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Originally the Duchy of Chartres ( duché de Chartres) was the comté de Chartres, an Earldom. The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. Gaston Jean-Baptiste de France, duc d'Orléans, ( April 25, 1608 &ndash February 2, 1660, Blois) was the third son of To this was added the Duchy of Valois in 1630. The Valois, originally Val d'Ois, was a region in the valley of the Oise river in modern Picardy. These titles returned to the crown on Gaston's death without male issue in 1660.
• Louis XIV granted
  • The Duchies of Orléans, Chartres, and Valois to his brother, Philippe in 1661. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century Originally the Duchy of Chartres ( duché de Chartres) was the comté de Chartres, an Earldom. The Valois, originally Val d'Ois, was a region in the valley of the Oise river in modern Picardy. Philippe I Duke of Orléans ( September 21, 1640 &ndash June 9, 1701) was the second son of Louis XIII of France and Anne To this was added the Duchy of Nemours in 1672. In the 12th and 13th centuries the Lordship of Nemours, in the Gatinais, France, was in possession of the house of Villebeon, a member of which Gautier These titles passed to his descendants and were abolished during the Revolution in 1790. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year They were restored to the heir at the time of the Restoration in 1814. Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The heir, Louis Philippe III, duc d'Orléans, usurped the throne in 1830 following the July Revolution, and the titles may at this point be considered to have merged in the crown. Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the French
  • The Duchies of Alençon and Angoulême and the County of Ponthieu to his third grandson, Charles, duc de Berry in 1710. Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. The County of Ponthieu was a province of Normandy centered on the mouth of the Somme, and its counts played an important role in the early history of Normandy Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year These titles returned to the crown upon his death without surviving issue in 1714
• Louis XV granted
  • The Duchy of Anjou and the Counties of Maine, Perche, and Senonches to his second surviving grandson, Louis Stanislas, comte de Provence in 1771. Year 1714 ( MDCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans. county of Perche was a medieval county lying between Normandy and Maine. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Louis was further given the Duchy of Alençon by his brother Louis XVI in 1774. Several counts and then royal dukes of Alençon have figured in French history Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a These titles were abolished during the Revolution in 1790. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year When the monarchy and apanages were restored in 1814, Louis had inherited the throne as Louis XVIII, and his titles merged into the crown. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
  • The Duchies of Auvergne, Angoulême and Mercoeur and the Vicomté of Limoges to his youngest grandson Charles, comte d'Artois in 1773. This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne. History In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Mercoeur Seigneurs and Dukes of. The estate of Mercoeur in Auvergne, France gave its name to a line of powerful lords which became extinct in the 14th century, Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common To this was added in 1774 by his brother, Louis XVI the Marquisate of Pompadour and the Vicomté of Turenne. Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne Vicomte de Turenne, often called simply Turenne ( September 11 1611 &ndash July 27 1675) was In 1776, Louis XVI deprived Charles of Limoges, Pompadour, and Turenne, and gave him in exchange the Duchies of Berry and Châteauroux, the Counties of Argenton and Ponthieu, and the Lordship of Henrichemont. Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The title of Duke of Berry ( duc de Berry) in the French Nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The County of Ponthieu was a province of Normandy centered on the mouth of the Somme, and its counts played an important role in the early history of Normandy In 1778, the apanage was further reshaped, with Auvergne and Mercoeur removed and replaced with the County of Poitou, leaving Charles with a final apanage consisting of the Duchies of Angoulême, Berry, and Châteauroux, the Counties of Argenton, Ponthieu, and Poitou, and the Lordship of Henrichemont. Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Among the men who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became These titles were during the Revolution in 1790, but were restored at the time of the Restoration in 1814. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common They merged into the crown when Charles became king in 1824. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Although Napoleon restored the idea of apanage in 1810 for his sons, none were ever granted, nor were any new apanages created by the restoration monarchs. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Western feudal Appanages outside France

• In Britain, the eldest son of the monarch receives the Duchy of Cornwall. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Duchy of Cornwall is with the Duchy of Lancaster, one of the two Royal duchies in England.

• In the only crusader state of equal rank in protocol, the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Jaffa and Ascalon was often granted as an appanage. The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal states created by Western European Crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian The double County of Jaffa and Ascalon was one of the four major seigneuries comprising the major Crusader state, the Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century

Equivalents outside Western Europe

The practice is certainly not unique to western feudalism

• The principalities of European Russia had a similar practice; an apanage given to a younger male of the royal family was called an udel. European Russia refers to the western areas of Russia that lie within Europe, comprising roughly 3960000 km² and spanning across 40% of Europe The frequency and importance of the custom was particularly important between the mid 13th and the mid 15th centuries; some historians refer to this era as "the appanage period. "
• In the Indian subcontinent, the jagir (a type of fief) was often thus assigned to individual junior relatives of the ruling house of a princely state, but not as a customary right of birth, though in practice usually hereditarily held, and not only to them but also to commoners, normally as an essentially meritocratic grant of land and taxation rights (guaranteeing a 'fitting' income, in itself bringing social sway, in the primary way in a mainly agricultural society), or even as part of a deal. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. In Pakistan and India, a Jagir was a small territory granted by the ruler to an army chieftain in fairly short terms usually of three years but not extending beyond For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a
• Most unusual, the mother of the Maharaja of Travancore (a matrilinear Hindu dynasty) and her sister received the principality of Attingal in joint appanage, being styled the Senior and Junior Rani (the female form of Raja or Rana) of Attingal, respectively; their husbands, known as Koil Tampurans, came from one of four or five princely houses who were closely related to the Royal House of Travancore

Sources and references

• "Apanages in the French monarchy", on François Velde's Heraldica site. Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor ( Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര്‍ "Thiru" (respectful prefix which suggests either royal or WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Attingal is a town and a Municipality in the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala
• Nouveau Larousse illustré, undated (early XXth century; in French)
• RoyalArk- here Travancore

See also

• cadet branch

The descendants in the male-line of a younger son of a Monarch or Patriarch collectively constitute a cadet branch of that ancestor's lineage

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