Antonio Salieri (August 18, 1750 – May 7, 1825), was an Italian composer and conductor. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1750 ( MDCCL) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures As the Austrian imperial Kapellmeister from 1788 to 1824, he was one of the most important and famous musicians of his time. Kapellmeister (kəˈpɛlˌmaɪstər is a German word designating a person in charge of music-making
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Biography
Raised in a prosperous family of merchants in Legnago, Salieri studied violin and harpsichord with his brother Francesco, who was a student of Giuseppe Tartini. Legnago is a town in the Province of Verona, Veneto, northern Italy. The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member A harpsichord is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. Giuseppe Tartini (April 8 1692 &ndash February 26 1770 was an Italian Composer and Violinist. After the early death of his parents, he moved to Padua, then to Venice, where he studied thoroughbass with Giovanni Battista Pescetti. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer Musical notation used to indicate intervals, chords and Nonchord tones in relation Giovanni Battista Pescetti (ca 1704 - 1766 was an organist and composer There, he met Florian Leopold Gassmann in 1766, who invited him to attend the court of Vienna, and there trained him in composition based on Johann Joseph Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum. Florian Leopold Gassmann (born in Most, 3 May 1729 &ndash died in Vienna, 21 January 1774) was a German-speaking Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Johann Joseph Fux ( pronounced) (1660 &ndash 13 February 1741 was an Austrian composer music theorist and pedagogue of the late Baroque era Salieri remained in Vienna for the rest of his life. In 1774, after Gassmann's death, Salieri was appointed court composer by Emperor Joseph II. Heir and co-regent Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. He met Therese von Helferstorfer in 1774, and in the same year the two were married. The couple went on to have eight children. Salieri became Royal and Imperial Kapellmeister in 1788, a post which he held till 1824. Kapellmeister (kəˈpɛlˌmaɪstər is a German word designating a person in charge of music-making He was president of the "Tonkünstler-Societät" (society of musical artists) from 1788 to 1795, vice-president after 1795, and in charge of its concerts until 1818.
Salieri attained an elevated social standing, and was frequently associated with other celebrated composers, such as Joseph Haydn and Louis Spohr. Louis Spohr ( April 5, 1784 &ndash October 22, 1859) was a German Composer, Violinist and conductor. He played an important role in late 18th and early 19th century classical music. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music He was a teacher to many famous composers, including Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Czerny, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Franz Liszt, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Ignaz Moscheles, Franz Schubert, and Franz Xaver Süssmayr. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Carl Czerny (sometimes Karl; February 21 1791 &ndash July 15 1857 was an Austrian Pianist, Composer and teacher Johann Nepomuk Hummel or Jan Nepomuk Hummel (14 November 1778 &ndash 17 October 1837 was a Composer and virtuoso Pianist of Austrian Giacomo Meyerbeer ( September 5, 1791 &ndash May 2, 1864) was a noted German -born Opera Composer, and (Isaac Ignaz Moscheles ( May 23, 1794 &ndash March 10, 1870) was a Bohemian Composer and Piano Virtuoso Franz Xaver Süßmayr (Franz Xaver Suessmayr 1766 in Schwanenstadt – September 17 1803 in Vienna) was an Austrian Composer. He also taught Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's younger son, Franz Xaver, some years after the death of Franz's illustrious father. Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart ( July 26[[ 791]] &ndash July 29[[ 844]] also known as F
Salieri was buried in the Matzleinsdorfer Friedhof (his remains were later transferred to the Zentralfriedhof) in Vienna, Austria. The Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery is situated in the district of Simmering, Simmeringer Hauptstraße 230–244 Vienna 1110 Austria, and is the Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. At his funeral service his own Requiem in C minor - composed in 1804 - was performed for the first time. His monument is adorned by a poem written by Joseph Weigl, one of his pupils:
Rest in peace! Uncovered by dust
Eternity shall bloom for you. Joseph Weigl ( March 28, 1766 - February 3, 1846) was an Austrian Composer and conductor.
Rest in peace! In eternal harmonies
Your spirit now is dissolved.
He expressed himself in enchanting notes,
Now he is floating to everlasting beauty.
Original German poem:
Ruh sanft! Vom Staub entblößt,
Wird Dir die Ewigkeit erblühen.
Ruh sanft! In ew’gen Harmonien
Ist nun Dein Geist gelöst.
Er sprach sich aus in zaubervollen Tönen,
Jetzt schwebt er hin zum unvergänglich Schönen.
Works
During his time in Vienna, Salieri acquired great prestige as a composer and conductor, particularly of opera, but also of chamber and sacred music. This list of compositions by Antonio Salieri is a list of the musical compositions of Antonio Salieri ( August 18, 1750 &ndash May 7, 1825 Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Chamber music is a form of Classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber Religious music (also sacred music) is Music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence The most successful of his more than 40 operas included Europa riconosciuta (1778), Armida (1771), La scuola de' gelosi (1778), Der Rauchfangkehrer (1781), Les Danaïdes (1784), which was first presented as a work of Gluck's, Tarare (1787), Axur, Re d'Ormus (1788), Palmira, regina di Persia (1795), and Falstaff (1799). Europa riconosciuta is an Opera in two acts by Antonio Salieri, designated as a dramma per musica, set to an Italian Libretto Armida is an Opera by Antonio Salieri in three acts set to a Libretto by Marco Coltellini. La scuola de' gelosi ( The School of Jealousy) is a Dramma giocoso in two acts by Antonio Salieri, set to a Libretto by Der Rauchfangkehrer oder Die Unentbehrlichen Verräther ihrer Herrschaften aus Eigennutz ( The Chimney Sweep, or The Indispensable Betrayers of Their Lordships Les Danaïdes is an Opera by Antonio Salieri, in 5 acts more specifically it is a Tragédie lyrique. Axur re d'Ormus ("Axur king of Ormus" is an Operatic dramma tragicomico in five acts by Antonio Salieri. Palmira regina di Persia is an Opera by Antonio Salieri: more specifically it is a dramma eroicomico. Falstaff ossia Le tre burle ( Falstaff or The Three Jokes) is a Dramma giocoso in two acts by Antonio Salieri, set to a Libretto He wrote comparatively little instrumental music, however his limited output includes two piano concertos and a concerto for organ written in 1773, a concerto for flute, oboe and orchestra (1774), and a set of 26 variations on La folia di Spagna (1815). A piano concerto is a work written for Piano and Orchestra.See also Harpsichord concerto; some of these works are occasionally played on piano The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its "Hautbois" redirects here for the strawberry variety see Hautbois strawberry.
Salieri and Mozart
In Vienna in the late 1780s, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart mentioned several "cabals" of Salieri concerning his new opera Così fan tutte. Così fan tutte ossia La scuola degli amanti ( Thus Do They All or The School For Lovers) K As Mozart's music became more popular over the decades, Salieri's music was largely forgotten. At the beginning of the 19th century, increasing nationalism led to a tendency to transfigure the Austrian Mozart's character, while the Italian Salieri was given the role of his evil antagonist. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest An antagonist (from Greek ανταγωνιστής - antagonistes, "opponent competitor rival" is a character or [1] Albert Lortzing's Singspiel Szenen aus Mozarts Leben LoWV28 (1832) uses the cliché of the jealous Salieri trying to hinder Mozart's career. Gustav Albert Lortzing ( October 23, 1801 - January 21, 1851) was a German Composer, Actor and Singer In 1772, Empress Maria Theresa commented on her preference of Italian composers over Germans like Gassmann, Salieri or Gluck. Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as While Italian by birth, Salieri had lived in imperial Vienna since he was 16 years old and was regarded as a German composer.
The biographer Alexander Wheelock Thayer believes that Mozart's suspicions of Salieri could have originated with an incident in 1781 when Mozart applied to be the music teacher of the Princess of Württemberg, and Salieri was selected instead because of his reputation as a singing teacher. Alexander Wheelock Thayer (b South Natick Massachusetts, US, 22 October 1817, d In the following year Mozart once again failed to be selected as the Princess's piano teacher.
"Salieri and his tribe will move heaven and earth to put it down", Leopold Mozart wrote to his daughter Nannerl. Johann Georg Leopold Mozart ( November 14, 1719 &ndash May 28, 1787) was a composer conductor teacher and violinist But at the time of the premiere of Figaro, Salieri was busy with his new French opera Les Horaces. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Les Horaces ( The Horatii) is an Operatic Tragédie lyrique by Antonio Salieri.
In addition, when da Ponte was in Prague preparing the production of Mozart's setting of his Don Giovanni, the poet was ordered back to Vienna for a royal wedding for which Salieri's Axur, re d'Ormus would be performed. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Don Giovanni ( K527; complete title Il dissoluto punito ossia il Don Giovanni, literally "The Rake Punish'd or Don Giovanni Obviously, Mozart was not pleased by this.
There is, however, far more evidence of a cooperative relationship between the two composers than one of real enmity. For example, when Salieri was appointed Kapellmeister in 1788, he revived Figaro instead of bringing out a new opera of his own, and when he went to the coronation festivities for Leopold II in 1790 he had no fewer than three Mozart masses in his luggage. Salieri and Mozart even composed a cantata for voice and piano together, called Per la ricuperata salute di Ophelia, which was celebrating the return to stage of the singer Nancy Storace. Nancy Storace (born October 27, 1766 in London died August 24, 1817 in London (born Anna Selina Storace) (surname pronounced Sto-rá-chay This work has been lost, although it had been printed by Artaria in 1785. A lost work is a document or literary work produced some time in the past of which no surviving copies are known to exist Artaria and company was one of the most important music publishing firms of the late eighteenth and nineteenth century Mozart's Davide penitente K. 469 (1785), his piano concerto in E flat major K. 482 (1785), the clarinet quintet K. 581 (1789) and the great Symphony in G minor K. 550 had been premiered on the suggestion of Salieri, who supposedly conducted a performance of it in 1791. In his last surviving letter from October 14 1791, Mozart tells his wife that he collected Salieri and Catharina Cavalieri in his carriage and drove them both to the opera, and about Salieri's attendance at his opera Die Zauberflöte K 620, speaking enthusiastically: "He heard and saw with all his attention, and from the overture to the last choir there was no piece that didn't elicit a bravo or bello out of him [. The Magic Flute (German Die Zauberflöte, K 620 is an Opera in two acts composed in 1791 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . . ]. "
Salieri's health declined in his later years, and he was hospitalized shortly before his death. It was shortly after he died that gossip first spread that he had confessed to Mozart's murder on his deathbed. Salieri's two nurses, Gottlieb Parsko and Georg Rosenberg, as well as his family doctor Joseph Röhrig, attested that he never said any such thing. At least one of these three people was with him throughout his hospitalization.
Within a few months of Salieri's death in 1825, Aleksandr Pushkin wrote his "little tragedy" Mozart and Salieri (1831) as a dramatic study of the sin of envy. Envy (also called invidiousness) may be defined as an Emotion that "occurs when a person lacks another’s superior quality achievement or possession and Russian composer Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov adapted Pushkin's play as an opera of the same name in 1898. Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay Mozart and Salieri ( Моцарт и Сальери, Motsart i Sal’yeri) is a one-act Opera in two scenes by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov A popular perpetuation of the story was in Peter Shaffer's play Amadeus (1979) and the Oscar-winning 1984 film directed by Miloš Forman based upon it. Sir Peter Levin Shaffer (born May 15, 1926) is an English Dramatist, author of numerous award-winning plays several of which have been filmed Amadeus is a Stage play written in 1979 by Peter Shaffer, loosely based on the lives of the Composers Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Amadeus is a 1984 drama directed by Miloš Forman. Based on Peter Shaffer 's stage play Amadeus, the film Jan Tomáš Forman (ˈjan ˈtomaːʃ ˈforman born February 18, 1932) better known as Miloš Forman (ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman is a Czech-American
Salieri was portrayed in the film by F. Murray Abraham, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Fahrid Murray Al-Ahmad Abraham ( Arabic: ﻱﻴﺵ ﺞﺜﺙ ﻙﻘﭪ ﭐﭖﺏ (born October 24 1939) is an Academy Award -winning American Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to recognize Salieri is characterized as both in awe of and insanely resentful towards Mozart, going so far as to renounce God for blessing his adversary. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Salieri's later hospitalization is portrayed as a stay in a mental hospital, where he announces himself as "the Patron Saint of mediocrity". A psychiatric hospital (previously called insane asylum, mental hospital; or derogatorily looney bin, nut house or Funny Farm) is
These rumors are also alluded to in a spoof opera entitled A Little Nightmare Music: an opera in one irrevocable act, by P.D.Q. Bach. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto A Little Nightmare Music is recording of the music of P D Q Bach, featuring Professor Peter Schickele and is described as "P P D Q Bach is a fictional composer invented by musical satirist "Professor" Peter Schickele. In the opera, Salieri attempts to poison an anachronistic Shaffer but is bumped by a "clumsy oaf", which causes him to inadvertently poison Mozart instead and spill wine on his favorite coat. In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by An anachronism (from the Greek "ana" " ανά " "against anti-" and "chronos" " χρόνος "
Recent popularity
More and more of Salieri's music is being recorded. Many of his overtures and most of his limited symphonic music have now been released on CD. But Salieri wrote primarily for the voice and so it is not surprising that much of his operatic music is now being recorded. In 2003, mezzo-soprano Cecilia Bartoli released The Salieri Album, a CD with 13 arias from Salieri's operas, most of which had never been recorded before. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. Cecilia Bartoli (born 4 June 1966, Rome) is an Italian Mezzo-soprano Opera singer and recitalist Patrice Michaels sang a number of his arias on the CD Divas of Mozart's Day. In 2008, another female opera star, Diana Damrau, released a CD with seven Salieri coloratura arias. Ks Diana Damrau (born May 31, 1971 in Günzburg an der Donau Germany) is a Coloratura Soprano of the Since 2000, there have also been complete recordings issued or re-issued of the operas Axur Re d'Ormus, Falstaff, Les Danaïdes, La Locandiera and La grotta di Trofonio. Falstaff ossia Le tre burle ( Falstaff or The Three Jokes) is a Dramma giocoso in two acts by Antonio Salieri, set to a Libretto Les Danaïdes is an Opera by Antonio Salieri, in 5 acts more specifically it is a Tragédie lyrique. La grotta di Trofonio ( Trofonio's Cave) is an Opera, described as an opera comica, in two acts composed by Antonio Salieri to an Salieri has yet to fully re-enter the general repertory, but performances of his works are progressively becoming more regular.
His operas Falstaff (1995 production) and Tarare (1987 production) have been released on DVD. In 2004, the opera "Europa Riconosciuta" was staged in Milan for the reopening of La Scala in Milan, with soprano Diana Damrau in the title role. Europa riconosciuta is an Opera in two acts by Antonio Salieri, designated as a dramma per musica, set to an Italian Libretto The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Ks Diana Damrau (born May 31, 1971 in Günzburg an der Donau Germany) is a Coloratura Soprano of the This production was also broadcast on television, with a future DVD release possible.
Salieri has even begun to attract some positive attention from Hollywood. In 2001, his triple concerto was used in the soundtrack of a Hollywood film, The Last Castle, featuring Robert Redford and James Gandolfino. Then in 2006 the movie Copying Beethoven referred to Salieri in a positive light. In the movie a young female music student hired by Beethoven to copy out his Ninth Symphony is staying at a monastery. The head sister tries to discourage her from working with the irreverent Beethoven. She notes that she too once had dreams, having come to Vienna to study opera singing with the great Salieri.
The Finnish progressive metal outfit Warmen, led by the classically trained pianist and keyboardist Janne Wirman of Children Of Bodom fame, have been tributing Salieri in all of their albums. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Progressive metal (often referred to simply as prog metal) is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music which blends the powerful guitar-driven sound of metal with the complex Warmen is a Finnish metal band assembled by keyboard player Janne Viljami Wirman - also known as Warman. Janne Viljami "Warman" Wirman (born April 26 1979) is a Finnish Musician; he is the Keyboardist for the bands Children of Bodom is a Finnish Melodic death metal band from Espoo, Finland formed in 1993 Warmen's first album Unknown Soldier (2000) included the song Warcry of Salieri, the second long-player Beyond Abilites (2002) had a song titled as Salieri Strikes Back and the latest work, Accept The Fact (2005) tributed Salieri with the composition titled as Return of Salieri, all of which paying tribute to Salieri's works. Accept the Fact is the third studio album from Power metal band Warmen.
Scores
- Antonio Salieri free scores in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Salieri was listed in the International Music Score Library Project
Notes
- ^ Jason Horowitz. The Choral Public Domain Library (CPDL is a Sheet music archive which focuses on choral and vocal Music in the Public domain. The International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP) is a project for the creation of a virtual library of Public domain music scores, based on the "For Mozart's Archrival, an Italian Renaissance", The New York Times, December 28, 2004. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
References
- Rudolph Angermüller, Antonio Salieri 3 Vol. (München 1971-74)
- Rudolph Angermüller, Antonio Salieri. Fatti e Documenti (Legnago 1985)
- Volkmar Braunbehrens, Maligned Master - the Real Story of Antonio Salieri, transl. Eveline L. Kanes (New York 1992)
- A. Della Corte, Un italiano all'estero: Antonio Salieri (Torino 1936)
- V. Della Croce/F. Blanchetti, Il caso Salieri (Torino 1994)
- I. F. Edler v. Mosel, Über das Leben und die Werke des Anton Salieri (Vienna 1827)
- John A. Rice, Antonio Salieri and Viennese Opera (Chicago 1998), ISBN 0226711250 - ISBN 978-0-226-71125-6 (preview at Google Book Search)
- Alexander Wheelock Thayer, Salieri: Rival of Mozart (Kansas City 1989)
External links
- Salieri: Truth or Fiction
- Works by Salieri in the University of North Texas Music Library's Virtual Rare Book Room
- Quiz: Mozart or Salieri?
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Salieri, Antonio |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Composer, conductor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 18, 1750 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Legnago, Italy |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 7, 1825 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Vienna, Austria |
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