| Antoine Chanzy | |
|---|---|
| 18 March 1823–4 January 1883 | |
 Antoine Alfred Eugène Chanzy |
|
| Place of birth | Nouart, France |
| Place of death | Châlons-en-Champagne, France |
| Allegiance |  France |
| Service/branch | French Army |
| Years of service | 1843-1883 |
| Rank | General de division |
| Battles/wars | Franco-Austrian War Franco-Prussian War |
| Awards | Grand cross of the Légion d'honneur Médaille militaire |
Antoine Eugène Alfred Chanzy (18 March 1823 - 4 January 1883) was a French general notable for his successes in the Franco-Prussian War, and as a governor of Algeria. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nouart is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Châlons-en-Champagne is a city and commune in France. It is the administrative centre ( Préfecture) of both the département This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 The Médaille militaire (Military Medal is a decoration of the French Republic which was first instituted in 1852. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's
Biography
Born in Nouart in the department of (Ardennes), France, the son of a cavalry officer, Chanzy was educated at the naval school at Brest, but enlisted in the artillery, and, subsequently passing through Saint Cyr, was commissioned in the Zouaves in 1843. Nouart is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. Ardennes is a department in the northeast part of France named after the Ardennes area Brest (bʁɛst in French, in Breton) is a city in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr ( ESM, literally the "Special Military School of St Cyr" is the foremost French Military academy. Zouave was the title given to certain Infantry regiments in the French Army, normally serving in French North Africa between 1831 and 1962 He saw a good deal of fighting in Algeria, and was promoted lieutenant in 1848, and to captain in 1851. He became chef de bataillon in 1856, and served in the Second Italian War of Independence, being present at Magenta and Solferino. The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia The Battle of Magenta was fought on June 4, 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in a French-Sardinian victory under The Battle of Solferino was fought on June 24, 1859 and resulted in the victory of the allied French Army under Napoleon III and Sardinian He took part in the Syrian campaign of 1860-61 as a lieutenant-colonel; and as colonel commanded the 45th Regiment at Rome in 1864. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية He returned to Algeria as general of brigade, assisted to quell the Arab insurrection, and commanded the subdivisions of Bel Abbes and Tlemçen in 1868. Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the the province of the same name.
Although Chanzy had acquired a good professional reputation, he was in bad odour at the war office because of suspected contributions to the press, and at the outbreak of the war with Prussia, he was curtly refused a brigade command. After the revolution, however, the government of national defence called him from Algeria, made him a general of division, and gave him command of the XVI Corps of the Army of the Loire.
The Loire army won the greatest success of the French during the whole war at Coulmiers, and followed this up with another victorious action at Patay; in both engagements General Chanzy's corps took the most brilliant part. Coulmiers is a Village and commune in the Loiret département of northern-central France. Patay is a village and a commune of the Loiret département, in north central France, northwest of Orléans. After the Second Battle of Orléans (1870) and the separation of the two wings of the French army, Chanzy was appointed to command that in the west, designated the second army of the Loire. The Second Battle of Orléans was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. His enemies, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia, and General von der Tann, all regarded Chanzy as their most formidable opponent. Friedrich Franz II ( 28 February 1823 - 15 April 1883) was a German soldier and the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg[ Schwerin] regining from Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a Duchy (from 1815 a Grand duchy) in northern Germany, formed by a partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Ludwig Samson Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen ( June 18, 1815 - April 26, 1881) was a Bavarian General.
As Gambetta was the soul, Chanzy was the strong right arm of French resistance to the invader. Léon Gambetta (2 April 1838 Cahors, Lot - 31 December 1882 Paris) was a French statesman prominent after the Franco-Prussian War Chanzy displayed conspicuous moral courage and constancy, not less than technical skill, in the fighting from Beaugency to the Loire. Neverthless his army of badly armed conscripts suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Le Mans in January 1871. The Battle of Le Mans was a German victory during the Franco-Prussian War which ended French resistance in western France Chanzy successfully retired to Laval behind the Mayenne but his forces had been severely depleted. Laval is a commune in the Mayenne département of France. It lies on the threshold of Brittany and on the border between Mayenne (majɛn is a department in northwest France named after the Mayenne River.
He was made a grand officer of the Legion of Honour, and was elected to the National Assembly. The National Assembly is either a Legislature, or the Lower house of a Bicameral legislature in some countries At the outbreak of the Commune, Chanzy, then in Paris, fell into the hands of the insurgents, by whom he was forced to give his parole not to serve against them. It was said that he would otherwise have been appointed instead of MacMahon to command the army of Versailles. Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon, 1st Duc de Magenta, Marshal of France (13 June 1808 - 17 October 1893 was a French A ransom of £40,000 was also paid by the government for him.
In 1872, Chanzy became a member of the committee of defence and commander of the VII Corps, and in 1873 was appointed governor of Algeria, where he remained for six years. List of colonial heads of Algeria Beylerbey: Bey of beys Kalifah: Governor acting in the absence of the Beylerbey Aga ( Agha In 1875, he was elected a life senator, in 1878 received the grand cross of the Legion of Honour, and in 1879, without his consent, was nominated for the presidency of the republic, receiving a third of the total votes. A senator for life is a member of the Senate elected or appointed for lifetime
For two years Chanzy was ambassador at Saint Petersburg, during which time he received many tokens of respect, not only from the Russians, but also from the German emperor, William I, and Prince Bismarck. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898) He died suddenly, while commanding the VI Corps (stationed nearest to the German frontier), at Châlons-sur-Marne, only a few days after Gambetta, and his remains received a state funeral. Châlons-en-Champagne is a city and commune in France. It is the administrative centre ( Préfecture) of both the département
Chanzy was the author of La Deuxième Armée de la Loire (1872). Statues of General Chanzy have been erected at Nouart and Le Mans.
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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