Baron Antoine-Jean Gros (March 16, 1771 - June 25, 1835), was a French painter, born in Paris. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city
Contents |
Early life and training
His father, who was a miniature painter, began to teach him to draw at the age of six, and showed himself from the first an exacting master. Towards the close of 1785 Gros, by his own choice, entered the studio of Jacques-Louis David, which he frequented assiduously, continuing at the same time to follow the classes of the Collège Mazarin. Jacques-Louis David (August 30 1748 &ndash December 29 1825 was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style considered to be The Collège des Quatre-Nations ("College of the Four Nations" also known as the Collège Mazarin after its founder was one of the Colleges of the historic
The death of his father, whose circumstances had been embarrassed by the French Revolution, threw Gros, in 1791, upon his own resources. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an He now devoted himself wholly to his profession, and competed (unsuccessfully) in 1792 for the grand prix. About this time, however, on the recommendation of the École des Beaux Arts, he was employed on the execution of portraits of the members of the National Convention, and disturbed by the development of the Revolution, Gros left France in 1793 for Italy. École des Beaux-Arts ("School of Fine Arts" refers to a number of influential Art schools in France. During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the Constitutional and legislative assembly
Genoa and Bonaparte
He supported himself at Genoa by the same means, producing a great quantity of miniatures and fixes. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English He visited Florence, but returning to Genoa where he made the acquaintance of Joséphine de Beauharnais. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Joséphine de Beauharnais (born Marie Josèphe Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie June 23 1763 &ndash May 29 1814) was the first He followed her to Milan, where he was well received by her husband, Napoleon Bonaparte. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.
On November 15, 1796, Gros was present with the army near Arcola when Bonaparte planted the French tricolor on the bridge. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Battle of Arcole ( November 15 - 17, 1796) (spelled Arcola in some English language texts was the result of a bold attempt by Napoleon The National flag of France (known in French as drapeau tricolore, drapeau français,and in military parlance les couleurs Gros seized on this incident, and showed by his treatment of it that he had found his vocation. Bonaparte at once gave him the post of inspecteur aux revues, which enabled him to follow the army, and in 1797 nominated him on the commission charged to select the spoils which should enrich the Louvre. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France
Paris
In 1799, having escaped from the besieged city of Genoa, Gros made his way to Paris, and in the beginning of 1801 took up his quarters in the Capucins. His esquisse of the Battle of Nazareth (now in the Musée de Nantes) gained the prize offered in 1802 by the consuls, but was not carried out, owing it is said to the jealousy of Jean-Andoche Junot felt by Napoleon; but he indemnified Gros by commissioning him to paint his own visit to the pest-house of Jaffa. The Consulate was the government of France between the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799 until the start of the Jean-Andoche Junot, 1st Duc d' Abrantès ( October 23, 1771 &ndash July 29, 1813) was a French General Jaffa يَافَا;(יָפוֹ Yafo; also Japho, Joppa) is an ancient Port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world "Les Pestiférés de Jaffa" (Louvre) was followed by the "Battle of Aboukir 1806" (Versailles), and the "Battle of Eylau, 1808" (Louvre). The Battle of Eylau or Battle of Preussisch-Eylau (February 7–8 1807 was a bloody and inconclusive battle between Napoléon's Grande Armée and [1] According to the article about Gros in the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, 1911, these three subjects – the popular leader facing the pestilence unmoved, challenging the splendid instant of victory, heart-sick with the bitter cost of a hard-won field – gave Gros his chief title to fame.
Britannica further remarks that as long as the military element remained bound up with French national life, Gros received from it a fresh and energetic inspiration which carried him to the very heart of the events which he depicted; but as the army, and its general separated from the people, Gros, called on to illustrate episodes representative only of the fulfilment of personal ambition, ceased to find the nourishment necessary to his genius, and the defect of his artistic position became evident. Trained in the sect of the Classicists, he was shackled by their rules, even when by his naturalistic treatment of types, and appeal to picturesque effect in color and tone he seemed to run counter to them.
Salon
At the Salon of 1804, Gros debuted his painting Bonaparte Visiting the Plague House at Jaffa. Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Victims of Jaffa ( Bonaparte visitant les pestiférés de Jaffa) is an 1804 painting commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Victims of Jaffa ( Bonaparte visitant les pestiférés de Jaffa) is an 1804 painting commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte Tha painting launched his career as a successful painter. It depicts Napoleon as he visits his own men in Jaffa (part of present-day Israel and Syria). Jaffa يَافَا;(יָפוֹ Yafo; also Japho, Joppa) is an ancient Port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية He had just massacred the countries after losing an attempt to conquer Egypt and his men caught the plague. Opinions differ as to why he visited: whether it was to determine if he should leave his troops to die in Jaffa, or to boost morale. The painting is important for Gros because he shows Napoleon in a mostly positive light. He also showed an exotic setting and a recent event, which set him apart from his contemporaries. (Chu 2006)
In 1810 his "Madrid" and "Napoleon at the Pyramids" (Versailles) show that his star had deserted him. His Francis I and Charles V, 1812 (Louvre), had considerable success; but the decoration of the dome of St. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Genevieve (begun in 1811 and completed in 1824) is the only work of Gros's later years which shows his early force and vigour, as well as his skill. The "Departure of Louis XVIII. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. " (Versailles), the "Embarkation of Madame d'Angoulême" (Bordeaux), the plafond of the Egyptian room in the Louvre, and finally his "Hercules and Diomedes", exhibited in 1835, testify only that Gros's efforts—in accordance with the frequent counsels of his old master David – to stem the rising tide of Romanticism only damaged his once brilliant reputation. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the
Death
Again citing Britannica, "Exasperated by criticism and the consciousness of failure, Gros sought refuge in the grosser pleasures of life. " On 25 June 1835 he was found drowned on the shores of the Seine near Sèvres. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie Sèvres is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. From a paper which he had placed in his hat it became known that "las de la vie, et trahi par les dernières facultés qui la lui rendaient supportable, il avait résolu de s’en défaire. " ("Tired of life, and betrayed by last faculties which rendered it bearable, he had resolved to end it. ")
Renown
The number of Gros's pupils was very great, and was considerably augmented when, in 1815, David quit Paris and gave over his own classes to him. Gros was decorated and named baron of the empire by Napoleon, after the Salon of 1808, at which he had exhibited the Battle of Eylau. [1] Under the Restoration he became a member of the Institute, professor at the École des Beaux Arts, and was named chevalier of the Order of Saint Michael. Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne École des Beaux-Arts ("School of Fine Arts" refers to a number of influential Art schools in France. The Order of Saint Michael (Ordre de Saint-Michel was the first French chivalric order, founded by Louis XI of France in 1469 in competitive response
M. Delcluze gives a brief notice of his life in Louis David et son temps ("Louis David and his Times"), and Julius Meyer's Geschichte der modernen französischen Malerei ("History of Modern French Painting") contains what Britannica cites as an excellent criticism on his works.
Notes
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate. (2006). Nineteenth-Century European Art. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall is a leading educational publisher It is an Imprint of Pearson Education Inc pp. 126-127. ISBN 0131886436
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic