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 Snapdragon
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This list is currently incomplete
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Antirrhinum is a genus of plants more commonly known as snapdragons from the flowers' fancied resemblance to the face of a dragon that opens and closes its mouth when properly squeezed (thus the 'snap'). Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The order Lamiales is a Taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous Flowering plants. The Plantaginaceae Juss or plantain family, is a family of Flowering plants in the order Lamiales. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Antirrhinum majus ( Snapdragon) is a species of Antirrhinum native to the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Weasel's Snout ( Misopates orontium) is a Herbaceous Annual plant of the family Plantaginaceae. Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum is a species of New World snapdragon found only in California and occasionally Oregon A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. European dragons are Legendary creatures in Folklore and Mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe. The antirrhinums used to be treated as the family Scrophulariaceae, but studies of DNA sequences have led to the inclusion of Antirrhinum in a vastly enlarged family Plantaginaceae. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of Flowering plants The plants are annual or perennial herbs with Zygomorphic (rarely The Plantaginaceae Juss or plantain family, is a family of Flowering plants in the order Lamiales.
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Taxonomy
The taxonomy of this genus is disputed at present. At one extreme, ITIS recognises only the Old World species of sect. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ( ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the Taxonomy of biological Species The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans Asians and Africans in the 15th century In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Antirrhinum in the genus, listing only the Garden Snapdragon A. Antirrhinum majus ( Snapdragon) is a species of Antirrhinum native to the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and majus (the only species in the section naturalised in North America). At the other, Thompson (1988) places 36 species in the genus; many modern botanists accept this circumscription. New species also continue to be discovered (see e. g. Romo et al. , 1995).
Recent research in the molecular systematics of this group, and related species, by Oyama and Baum (2004), has confirmed that the genus as described by Thompson is monophyletic, provided that one species (A. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor cyathiferum) is removed to a separate genus, and two others (previously listed as Mohavea confertiflora and M. breviflora) are included. The species list at the right follows these conclusions. It is widely agreed that this broad group should be subdivided into three or four subgroups, but the level at which this should be done, and exactly which species should be grouped together, remain unclear. Some authors continue to follow Thompson in using a large genus Antirrhinum, which is then divided into several sections; others treat Thompson's genus as a tribe or subtribe, and divide it into several genera.
If the broad circumscription is accepted, its sections are as follows:
- Section Antirrhinum: about 20 Old World species of perennial plants, the type Antirrhinum majus, mostly native to the western Mediterranean region with a focus on the Iberian Peninsula. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra
- Section Orontium: two to six species, also Mediterranean. The species in this section, including the type Lesser Snapdragon A. Weasel's Snout ( Misopates orontium) is a Herbaceous Annual plant of the family Plantaginaceae. orontium, are often treated in the genus Misopates.
- Section Saerorhinum: about 16 New World species, mostly annual plants and mostly native to California, though species are found from Oregon to Baja California Sur and as far east as Utah. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. Botanically an annual plant is a Plant that usually germinates, Flowers and dies in one Year. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Baja California Sur (pron BAH-hah kahl'-ee-FORE-nyah SOOR is one of the 31 States of Mexico. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Like other authors, Thompson placed A. cyathiferum in this section, but Oyama and Baum, following earlier authors, suggest that it should be reclassified in genus Pseudorontium, while Mohavea confertiflora and M. breviflora should be included. Some authors classify the species in this section into the genera Sairocarpus, Howelliella and Neogaerrhinum.
The Garden Snapdragon is an important garden plant; cultivars of this species have showy white, crimson, or yellow bilabiate flowers. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar It is also important as a model organism in botanical research, and its genome has been studied in detail. A model organism is a Species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological Phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made In classical genetics the genome of a Diploid Organism including Eukarya refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in a Gamete, thereby
While Antirrhinum majus is the plant that is usually meant if the word "snapdragon" is used on its own, many other species in the genus, and in the family Scrophulariaceae more widely, have common names that include the word "snapdragon".
Growth
Snapdragons are perennial plants often sold as cold-season annual plants and do best in full or partial sun. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than Botanically an annual plant is a Plant that usually germinates, Flowers and dies in one Year. They are available in a range of heights: dwarf (6-8 inches), medium (15-30 inches) and tall (30-48 inches). Plant them in a soil that drains well to prevent the roots from rotting.
Genetic studies
Snapdragon is a typical example of incomplete dominance by the red allele with the anthocyanin pigment. An allele (ˈæliːl (UK /əˈliːl/ (US (from the Greek αλληλος allelos, meaning each other) is one member of a pair or series of different forms Not to be confused with Anthocyanidin, their sugar free counterparts Any cross between red-flowered and white-flowered snapdragons, give an intermediate and heterozygous phenotype with pink flowers, that carries both the dominant and recessive alleles. Zygosity refers to the genetic condition of a Zygote. In genetics zygosity describes the similarity or dissimilarity of DNA between Homologous A phenotype is any observable characteristic of an Organism, such as its morphology, Development, biochemical or physiological properties [1]
The Antirrhinum majus genetic and phenotypic database is located at: http://www.antirrhinum.net [1]
Notes
- ^ Hartl, Daniel L. ; Elizabeth W. Jones (2005). Genetics : analysis of genes and genomes (sixth edition). Jones & Bartlett publishers, 3. 6 Incomplete Dominance and Epistasis. ISBN 0763715115.
References
- Oyama, R. K. , & Baum, D. A. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships of North American Antirrhinum (Veronicaceae). American Journal of Botany 91: 918-925.
- Romo, A. , Stubing, G. , & Peris, J. B. (1995). A new species of Antirrhinum (Scrophulariaceae) from North Morocco. Annales Botanici Fennici 32: 165-168.
- Thompson, D. M. (1988). Systematics of Antirrhinum (Scrophulariaceae) in the New World. Systematic Botany Monographs 22.
- D. C. Albach, H. M. Meudt and B. Oxelman - Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae; American Journal of Botany. 2005;92:297-315.
External links
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