This article is about the musical term. See Antiphon (person) the orator of ancient Greece. Antiphon the Sophist lived in Athens probably in the last two decades of the 5th century BC

An antiphon is a response, usually sung in Gregorian chant, to a psalm or some other part of a religious service, such as at Vespers or at a Mass. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included Vespers is the evening Prayer service in the Roman Catholic, Eastern (Byzantine Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox, liturgies of the For other uses see Mass (disambiguation The Mass, a form of sacred musical composition, is a choral composition that This meaning gave rise to the antiphony style of singing, see call and response. In Music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different Musicians where the second phrase is heard as a direct

The word is of Greek origin, αντί (opposite) + φωνη (voice). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

A piece of music which is performed by two semi-independent choirs interacting with one another, often singing alternate musical phrases, is known as antiphonal. For the musical composition see Chorale. A choir, chorale, or chorus is a Musical ensemble of Singers In particular, antiphonal psalmody is the singing or musical playing of psalms by alternating groups of performers. Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, which is often contrasted with Speech. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included The peculiar mirror structure of the Hebrew psalms renders it probable that the antiphonal method originated in the services of the ancient Israelites. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included According to the historian Socrates, its introduction into Christian worship was due to Ignatius of Antioch (died 107), who in a vision had seen the angels singing in alternate choirs. Saint Ignatius of Antioch (also known as Theophorus) (ca 35-110 was the third Bishop and Patriarch of Antioch and possibly a student of the Apostle John In the Latin Church it was not practised until more than two centuries later, when it was introduced by Ambrose, bishop of Milan, who compiled an antiphonary, or collection of works suitable for antiphonal singing (also known as an antiphonal). Saint Ambrose (c 338 &ndash 4 April 397) was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century An Antiphonary, Antiphonal, or Antiphoner (Latin antiphonarium antiphonarius antiphonarius liber antiphonale; Greek ’antíphonon antiphon antiphone The antiphonary still in use in the Roman Roman Catholic Church was compiled by Gregory the Great (590). Events By Place Byzantine Empire Summer - Maurice agrees to Khosrau's entreaties and agrees to restart the war with Persia ^[1]

Antiphony is particularly common in the Anglican musical tradition, where the choir divides into two equal halves on opposite sides of the quire as Decani and Cantoris. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The side of a church choir occupied by the Dean In English churches this is typically the Choir stalls on the south side of the Chancel, although there are some notable exceptions Cantoris is the side of a church choir occupied by the Cantor.

Antiphons are an used as an integral part of the worship in the Greek Orthodox church^[2] and the Eastern Catholic churches. The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See ^[3]

The Indian concept sawal-jawab ("question" and "answer") can be considered antiphonal. The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. The alteration of individual notes or pitches is hocket. In Music, hocket is the Rhythmic Linear technique using the alternation of notes, pitches, or chords In medieval practice

Antiphon can also be used outside of a strict musical or liturgical context to mean a more general response. A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions When used in this way the word often maintains its religious connotation. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos This word has distinct meanings in other fields see Connotation (semiotics and Connotation and denotation.

Polychoral Antiphony

When two or more groups of singers sing in alternation the style of music can also be called polychoral. Specifically, this term is usually applied to music of the late Renaissance and early Baroque. Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 - 1600 Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750. Polychoral techniques are a definitive characteristic of the music of the Venetian school, exemplified by the works of Giovanni Gabrieli; this music is often known as the Venetian polychoral style. In music history the Venetian School is a term used to describe the Composers working in Venice from about 1550 to around 1610; it also describes Giovanni Gabrieli (c 1554/1557 &ndash August 12 1612 was an Italian Composer and organist. The Venetian polychoral style was a type of music of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras which involved spatially separate Choirs singing in alternation The Venetian polychoral style was an important innovation of the late Renaissance, and this style, with its variations as it spread across Europe after 1600, helps to define the beginning of the Baroque era. Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 - 1600 Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750. Polychoral music was not limited to Italy in the Renaissance; it was popular in Spain and Germany, and there are examples from the 19th and 20th centuries, from composers as diverse as Hector Berlioz, Igor Stravinsky and Karlheinz Stockhausen. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to

Greater Advent Antiphons

Main article: O Antiphons

• O sapientia

[1]

• O Adonai

[2]

References

• Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Oxford University Press

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