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Antioch College
Image:AntiochCollegeLogo.gif
Motto: Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group
Established: 1853
Type: Private undergraduate
Endowment: $36. The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested 2 million[1]
Location: Yellow Springs, Ohio, United States
Website: http://www.antioch-college.edu/
The distinctive towers of Antioch's Main Building
The distinctive towers of Antioch's Main Building

Antioch College is a private, independent liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio, United States, and is the founder and flagship institution of the six campus Antioch University system. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges with an emphasis upon Undergraduate study in the Liberal arts. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Antioch University is a six-campus American university with campuses in four states Founded in 1852 by the Christian Connection, the college began operating in 1853 with Horace Mann as its first president. The Christian Connection or Christian Connexion was a Christian movement which began in several places during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and were secessions This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School. Its educational approach blends practical work experience with classroom learning and participatory community governance, and students receive narrative evaluations instead of letter grades. In Education, narrative evaluation is a form of performance measurement and feedback which can be used as an alternative or supplement to grading. The following is a summary of the academic grading systems in North America. The 2007-08 enrollment is under 200 students. [2]

In June 2007, the University’s Board of Trustees announced that the college would be suspending operations as of July 2008, and would try to reopen in 2012. Trustee is a Legal term that refers to a holder of property on behalf of a beneficiary. [3] More than half of the Antioch College faculty filed a lawsuit in August of 2007 to bar Antioch University from firing the college's tenured faculty or liquidating the college's assets. [4] The announcement sparked an intensive fundraising drive by the college's alumni association. [5] On November 3, 2007, the University Board of Trustees agreed to lift the suspension, and explore alternatives for the college to remain open. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [6] Negotiations broke down in late March 2008, however, greatly increasing the likelihood that the college would close at the end of the 2007-2008 academic year. [7]

Antioch College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North American Alliance for Green Education. The Great Lakes Colleges Association, Inc (GLCA is a consortium of eleven Liberal arts colleges located in the U It was formerly also a member of the Eco League. The Eco League is a five-college consortium consisting of Alaska Pacific University, Green Mountain College, Northland College, Prescott College

Contents

History

On October 5, 1850, the General Convention of the Christian Church passed a resolution stating "that our responsibility to the community, and the advancement of our interests as a denomination, demand of us the establishing of a College. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link The Christian Connection or Christian Connexion was a Christian movement which began in several places during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and were secessions " The delegates further pledged "the sum of one hundred thousand dollars as the standard by which to measure our zeal and our effort in raising the means for establishing the contemplated College. " The Committee on the Plan for a College was formed to undertake the founding of a college, and make decisions regarding the name of the school, the endowment, fundraising, faculty, and administration. A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested [8] Most notably, the committee decided that the college "shall afford equal privileges to students of both sexes. "[9] The Christian Connection sect wanted the new college to be sectarian, but the planning committee decided otherwise.

Despite their enthusiasm, the Christian Connection's fundraising efforts proved insufficient. The money raised before the school opened failed to cover even the cost of the three original buildings, much less create an endowment. [10] The Unitarian Church contributed an equal amount of funds and nearly as many students to the new school, causing denominational strife early on. Unitarianism as a theology is the belief in the single personality of God in contrast to the doctrine of the Trinity (three persons in one God [10]

Early years

Horace Mann, Antioch's first president, ran the college from its founding in 1853 until his death in 1859. This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School. The young college had relatively high academic standards, and "good moral character" was a requirement for graduation. [11] The first curriculum focused on Latin, Greek, mathematics, history, philosophy and science, and offered electives in art, botany, pedagogy, and modern languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Pedagogy (ˈpɛdəgɒdʒi or paedagogy is the Art or Science of being a Teacher. A modern language is any Human Language that is currently in use [12] Tuition was $24 a year, and the first graduating class consisted of 28 students. Although the founders planned for approximately 1,000 students, enrollment only exceeded 500 once in the 19th century, in 1857. [13]

Horace Mann, Antioch's first president.
Horace Mann, Antioch's first president. This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School.

One notable character in Antioch's history is Rebecca Pennell, who was one of the college's ten original faculty members. Rebecca Mann Pennell, later Rebecca Mann Dean (1821-1890 was an American educator niece of prominent educator Horace Mann, and the first woman to be appointed She was the first female college professor in the United States to have the same rank and pay as her male colleagues. [14] Her home, now part of the Antioch campus and called Pennell House, currently serves as community space for several of Antioch's student led independent groups.

In 1859, Mann gave his final commencement speech, including what became the college's motto: "Be ashamed to die until you win some victory for humanity. "[15] Mann died in August and was initially interred on the Antioch College grounds. The next year, he was reinterred in Providence, Rhode Island, next to his first wife. Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States

The original founders gave no consideration to the question of whether Antioch should admit students of color, neither forbidding nor explicitly allowing it. [16] The associated preparatory school admitted two African American girls during the mid-1850s, an action one trustee responded to by resigning and removing his own children from the school. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa His opinion was apparently the minority one, though, as the African American students were not withdrawn. [17] In 1863, Antioch trustee John Phillips proposed a resolution stating "the Trustees of Antioch College cannot, according to the Charter, reject persons on account of color. " The resolution passed with nine trustees in favor and four opposed. However, the college remained nearly all white until after World War II, when the school undertook a minority recruitment program. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Antioch College faced financial difficulties in its first years, mostly due to the Panic of 1857. The Panic of 1857 was a sudden downturn in the economy of the United States that occurred in 1857 [18] From 1857 to 1859, Antioch ran an annual deficit of US$5,000, out of a total budget of US$13,000. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [19] In 1858, Antioch was bankrupt. Mann died in 1859 and the college was reorganized, but deficits continued. [19] Mann's successor, Thomas Hill, took Antioch's presidency on the condition that faculty salaries be paid despite deficits. For the actor see Thomas Hill. Thomas Hill (1818 - 1891 was an American Unitarian clergyman and educator Despite this stipulation, his salary was often not paid, and he supported his family with loans. Hill and a colleague attempted to raise an endowment, but potential donors were put off by the strong sectarian leanings of some of the college's trustees. [20] Hill resigned in 1862 due to increasing financial troubles, sectarian conflict between Christian Connection and Unitarian trustees, and his election as president of Harvard. In 1862, the college was closed until finances improved and remained closed until after the end of the Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South

In 1865, the college reopened, now administered by the Unitarian church. The financial health of the college seemed improved, as the Unitarians had raised a US$100,000 endowment in the space of two months. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [21] The endowment was originally invested in government bonds and later in real estate and timber. The investment income, while performing well, was still insufficient to maintain the college at the high level desired by the trustees. Some of the principal was lost to foreclosures during the Long Depression, which began in 1873. The Long Depression ( 1873 &ndash 1896) affected much of the world and was contemporary with the Second Industrial Revolution. [21]

1900-1945

The turn of the century saw little improvement in the colleges finances. In 1900 faculty made between US$500 and $700 a year, very low for the time, and the president was paid $1,500 a year. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been In contrast, Horace Mann's annual salary was $3,000 more than forty years prior. [22] Enrollment did increase significantly under the presidency of Simeon D. Fess, who served as president from 1906 to 1917. Simeon Davison Fess ( December 11, 1861 - December 23, 1936) was a Republican politician and educator from Ohio. In 1912 he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, and served three of his five total terms while also acting as president of Antioch. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate.

World War I had little effect, good or bad, on the college and though some people contracted influenza during the Spanish flu epidemic, there were no deaths. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The 1918 flu pandemic (commonly referred to as the Spanish flu) was an Influenza Pandemic that spread to nearly every part of the world [23] In February of 1919, the Young Men's Christian Association attempted a peaceful takeover of the college, offering to raise an endowment of US$500,000 if Antioch would serve as the official national college of the YMCA. The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The YMCA proposal was received positively by the college's trustees and enacted by a unanimous vote, and Grant Perkins, a YMCA executive, assumed the college's presidency. By May, Perkins had resigned, reporting that he was not prepared to raise the necessary funds. [23]

In June of 1919, several candidates were submitted to the trustees, including Arthur Morgan. Arthur Ernest Morgan (1878&ndash1975 was a civil engineer US administrator and educator Morgan was elected to the board without any prior notification of his candidacy. An engineer, he had been involved in planning a college in upstate New York that would have included work-study along with a more traditional curriculum. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Morgan presented his plan for "practical industrial education" to the trustees, which accepted the new plan. Antioch closed for a third time while the curriculum was reorganized and the co-op program developed. In 1920, Morgan was unanimously elected president and in 1921, the college reopened with the cooperative education program. Please note that Co-operative education can also refer to education about Co-operative societies. [24]

Arthur E. Morgan, circa 1921.
Arthur E. Morgan, circa 1921.

The early co-op program was not required; students could enter as traditional students or cooperative education students. Despite this, by the 1935 academic year, nearly 80% of the student body had chosen the cooperative program. Students initially studied for eight-week-long terms alternating with eight-week-long work experiences. Male students generally took apprenticeships with craftsmen or jobs in factories; female students often served as nursing or teaching assistants. In 1921, when the program was first inaugurated, less than 1% of available co-op jobs were located outside of Ohio, but this had grown to about 75% within 15 years. [25]

The college had no black students from 1899–1929 and only two from 1929–1936 (neither graduated), so it is unknown how racial discrimination among employers affected the co-op program. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that While Antioch itself had no religious quotas (elsewhere common until the 1940s), many employers discriminated against Jews, a fact that limited the number of Jewish students at Antioch. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The program suffered for available positions during the Great Depression, prompting the college employ many students at industrial jobs on campus. [25]

In 1926, the college's Administrative Council was formed as an advisory body to the president. It was chartered in 1930. The Administrative Council was originally a faculty-only body, though a student seat was added in 1941. Over time, the Administrative Council became the primary policy-making body of the College. The Community Council was established a short time later, to advise on and manage what at other college campuses would be considered "student concerns". At Antioch, these matters, such as campus artistic and cultural life, have been regarded as community-wide issues, affecting students, staff, faculty members and administrators.

1945-2000

Beginning in the 1940s, Antioch was considered an early bastion of student activism, anti-racism, and progressive thought. Student activism is work done by students to effect political environmental economic or social change During World War II, Antioch, among other eastern colleges, with the help of Victor Goertzel, participated in a program which arranged for students of Japanese origin interned in Relocation camps to enroll in college. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1943 the college Race Relations Committee began offering scholarships to non-white students to help diversify the campus, which had been mostly white since its founding. The first scholarship recipient was Edythe Scott, elder sister of Coretta Scott King. Coretta Scott King (April 27 1927 January 30 2006 was an American Author and Activist, perhaps most recognized as the wife of Martin Coretta Scott received the scholarship and attended Antioch two years after her sister. [26] Antioch was one of the first historically white colleges to actively recruit black students. Antioch was also the first historically white college to appoint a black person to be chair of an academic department, when Walter Anderson was appointed chair of the music department.

In the 1950s Antioch faced pressure from the powerful House Un-American Activities Committee and faced criticism from many area newspapers, because it did not expel students and faculty accused of having Communist leanings. The House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC or HCUA 1938–1975 was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based College officials stood firm, insisting that freedom begins not in suppressing unpopular ideas but in holding all ideas up to the light. The school, including professors and administration, was also involved in the early stages of the American Civil Rights Movement and remains a supporter of free speech. The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without Censorship or Limitation.

In 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave the commencement speech. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader

Antioch became increasingly progressive and financially healthy during the 1960s and early 1970s under the Presidency of Dr. James P. Dixon. The student body topped out around 2,400 students, the college owned property all over Yellow Springs and beyond, and the college grew throughout the decade. It began to appear in literary works and other media as an icon of youth culture, serving, for example, as the setting for a portion of Philip Roth's most popular novel, "Portnoy's Complaint". Philip Milton Roth (born March 19, 1933, Newark New Jersey) is an American novelist Portnoy's Complaint (1969 is American writer Philip Roth 's most popular novel with many of its characteristics (comedic prose themes of sexual desire and Sexual At this time, Antioch became one of the primary sources of student radicalism, the New Left, the anti-Vietnam War movement, and the Black Power movement in the region. The New Left were the Left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism instead adopted a The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Black Power is a racially based Political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies The town of Yellow Springs became an island of liberal and progressive activism in southern Ohio, an otherwise very politically conservative region.

In many instances, the environment of the school spurred its students to activism. Eleanor Holmes Norton, future congressional delegate for Washington, D.C., recalled her time at Antioch as one "when the first real action that could be called movement action was ignited", according to an interview now available in the National Security Archives. Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is a Delegate to Congress representing the District of Columbia Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D [27]

The 1970s saw the college continue to develop its reputation as a source of activism and progressive political thought. Several graduate satellite schools around the country, under the Antioch University name (with the college as a base), were established as well, including the McGregor School (now known as Antioch University McGregor located on a new campus in Yellow Springs that opened September 2007). Antioch University is a six-campus American university with campuses in four states Antioch University McGregor (AUM is a private institution of Higher education serving adult students in Yellow Springs Ohio. Antioch University New England was the first graduate school offshoot in 1964. Antioch University New England is a private graduate school located in Keene New Hampshire. The university campuses are located in Keene, New Hampshire; Seattle, Washington; Los Angeles, California; and Santa Barbara, California. Keene is a city in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Santa Barbara is a city in Santa Barbara County California, United States. The corporation of Antioch College legally changed its name to Antioch University in 1978. The name Antioch College continued to be used for the residential undergraduate program in Yellow Springs, OH.

Funding and enrollment at the college began to decline as the University system was created. In the late 1970s, the new Antioch University system partially collapsed, leaving Antioch College in dire financial straits by the beginning of the 1980s. Beginning in the mid 1980s and continuing through the 1990s, under the leadership of Antioch Presidents' Alan Guskin and Bob Devine, Antioch's enrollment figures and financial health improved, though college enrollment never surpassed 1,000 students. The campus underwent renovations and many buildings that had been boarded up were repaired and reopened, including South Hall, one of the college's three original buildings.

The Sexual Offense Prevention Policy

In 1993 Antioch became the focus of national attention with its "Sexual Offense Prevention Policy. " This policy was initiated after two date rapes reportedly occurred on the Antioch College campus during the 1990-91 academic year. See also Types of rape The term "date rape" refers to the non-consensual Sexual activity between people who are known to each other either platonically A group of students formed under the name "Womyn of Antioch" to address their concern that sexual offenses in general were not being taken seriously enough by the administration or some in the campus community. [28] Advocates of the policy explain that the original "Sexual Offense Policy," as it was then called, was created during a couple of late-night meetings in the campus Womyn's Center, and that "this original policy was quite questionable. It was not legally binding, no rights were given to the accused, and it called for immediate expulsion of the accused with no formal process. "[28] The policy, both as it then stood and as revised, uniquely viewed any sexual offense as not simply a violation of the victim's rights, but as an offense against the entire campus community. It was revised to focus more on education and less on punishment and clarified in a series of community meetings during the 1991-92 academic year. Once revised, it was endorsed by the entire campus and the Board of Trustees, and thus became the official policy of the college that year.

This revised policy attracted renewed national publicity two years later, during the fall semester of the 1993-94 academic year, allegedly when a student doing a co-op on the west coast mentioned the policy to a California campus newspaper reporter. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. An Associated Press reporter picked up the story in the early days of the term,[29] and a media frenzy ensued, one that arguably garnered more attention to Antioch than anything since the student strike of 1973. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio A student strike occurs when students enrolled at a teaching institution such as a School, College or University refuse to go to class The policy was often ridiculed by the mainstream American news media that fall, even becoming the butt of a Saturday Night Live sketch, entitled "Is It Date Rape?" Some media outlets voiced support for the policy. Saturday Night Live ( SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American Sketch comedy / Variety show based in New York City For example, syndicated columnist Ellen Goodman asserted that most "sexual policy makers write like lawyers in love," and that, likewise, "at Antioch the authors could use some poetry, and passion. Ellen Goodman is an American Journalist and Pulitzer Prize -winning syndicated Columnist. " But, she was ultimately sympathetic to their goals of leveling the sexual playing field and making students think about what consent means, saying that the Antioch campus "has the plot line just about right. "[30]

The 21st century

In 2000, Antioch College was again subject to media attention, after inviting political activist and death row inmate Mumia Abu Jamal and transgendered rights advocate and Jamal supporter Leslie Feinberg to be commencement speakers. Death row is a term that refers to the section of a Prison that houses individuals awaiting execution. Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook on April 24 1954 is an American who was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Transgender (trænzˈdʒɛndɚ from ( Latin) derivatives Leslie Feinberg (born September 1, 1949) is a Transgender activist speaker and Author. Graduating students had chosen Jamal and Feinberg to highlight their concerns with capital punishment and the American criminal justice system. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. Criminal justice is the system of practices and organizations used by national and local governments directed at maintaining Social control, deterring Many conservative commentators criticized the Antioch administration for allowing students to choose such controversial commencement speakers and the college administration received death threats. Antioch President Bob Devine chose not to overturn the students' choice of speakers, citing the ideals of free speech and free exchange of ideas, and likened the media reaction to the coverage of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1965 commencement address. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader [31]

In the early 2000s enrollment declined to just over 600 students. This combined with a declining economy caused Antioch University to institute a "Renewal Plan" in 2003. The controversial plan called for restructuring Antioch's first year program into learning communities and upgrading campus facilities. A learning community is a group of people who share common values and beliefs are actively engaged in learning together from each other Many students and faculty stated that they were shut out of planning. Antioch University's Board of Trustees committed to five years of funding for the renewal plan but discontinued this commitment to the college three years into the plan. [32]

Simultaneously with the announcement of the renewal plan, the University's Board of Trustees announced mandated staff cuts at the college, including the elimination of the Office of Multicultural Affairs. Student anger over the mandated renewal plan and program cuts led to a student-initiated protest entitled "People of Color Takeover", which garnered some negative media attention. Partially in response to this, Antioch College created the Coretta Scott King Center for Cultural and Intellectual Freedom in 2006. Coretta Scott King (April 27 1927 January 30 2006 was an American Author and Activist, perhaps most recognized as the wife of Martin [33]

With the implementation of the controversial renewal plan enrollment dropped from 650 students to 370 in two years, a decline that many feel was a result of the curriculum change mandated by the Board of Trustees. At an Antioch University Board of Trustees meeting in June of 2007 the Board stated that while the college was only in its third year of implementation of the plan they had not raised the funds needed, and that the college would be indefinitely closed at the end of the 2007-08 academic year. [32][34]

Many Antioch alumni and faculty, upset at the prospect of the loss of the college's legacy, began organizing and raising funds in an effort to save the college, keep it open without interruption, and gain greater transparency in its governance. In August 2007, the college faculty filed suit against the Board of Trustees, charging that the Board was violating various contractual obligations. [35]

Following a meeting between university and alumni representatives in August 2007, the Board of Trustees approved a resolution giving the Alumni Board until the October 2007 trustees' meeting to demonstrate the viability of an Alumni Board proposal to maintain the operations of the College. [36] Despite initially stating he would remain until December, Antioch president Steve Lawry abruptly stepped down as president on September 1, 2007. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. The role of president was turned over to a three person group, comprising the Dean of Faculty, Director of Student Services, and Director of Communications. [37] While no reason for Lawry's immediate departure has been given, it has been reported that he was forcibly ousted by the Board of Trustees. [38] In response to this reported ousting, the faculty gave Antioch University Chancellor Toni Murdock a vote of no confidence. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion [39]

A story about Antioch's closing in The Chronicle of Higher Education detailed the uncertain future of some faculty and staff members, along with the town of Yellow Springs, following suspended operations at the college. The Chronicle of Higher Education is a Newspaper that represents a source of news information and jobs for college and university faculty and administration One professor, who got tenure 28 hours before the college announced its closing, had turned down other jobs in academia to work at Antioch. The story includes a slideshow showing outdated and crumbling buildings on campus. [40]

On November 3, 2007, the University Board of Trustees agreed to lift the suspension of the college, which would have seen the college operate continuously rather than closing. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. The Alumni Board embarked on a $100 million fundraising drive to build the college's endowment, raising more than $18 million dollars in gifts and pledges by November of 2007[6]. However, major donors balked out of concern that the deal did not make the college sufficiently autonomous from the university[41], and a group began meeting directly with the university, incorporating as the Antioch College Continuation Corporation (ACCC). On February 22, 2008 the university issued a press release reinstating the suspension, despite ongoing negotiations with the group. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne [42] On March 28, 2008, university trustees rejected a $12. 2 million offer from the ACCC[43], which then offered $10 million for 10 seats on the 19-member board. On May 8, 2008, university trustees rejected the ACCC's "best and final" offer -- $9. 5 million for the college and another $6 million for the graduate campuses in exchange for eight board seats, with an additional four new trustees to be jointly agreed upon by the ACCC and current trustees[44].

Profiles, recognition, and criticism

The U.S. News & World Report college and university rankings classify Antioch College as a third-tier Liberal Arts College. USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D [45]

Antioch has been regularly included in the guidebook "Colleges That Change Lives" which declares that "there is no college or university in the country that makes a more profound difference in a young person's life or that creates more effective adults. "[46]

Less positive opinions include that of George Will, who wrote in response to the college's announced closure that there is "a minuscule market for what Antioch sells for a tuition, room and board of $35,221 — repressive liberalism unleavened by learning. George Frederick Will (born May 4, 1941) is a Pulitzer Prize -winning conservative American newspaper Columnist, journalist "[47]

During her remarks to the college in 2004 alumna Coretta Scott King stated that "Antioch students learn that it’s not enough to have a great career, material wealth and a fulfilling family life. Coretta Scott King (April 27 1927 January 30 2006 was an American Author and Activist, perhaps most recognized as the wife of Martin We are also called to serve, to share, to give and to do what we can to lift up the lives of others. No other college emphasizes this challenge so strongly. That’s what makes Antioch so special. "[48]

The Twilight Zone aired an episode entitled "The Changing of the Guard" that is considered the "Antioch episode" for its references to Antioch that include Horace Mann and the school motto. "The Changing of the Guard" is an episode of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School.

Noteworthy alumni

References

  1. ^ Fain, Paul. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Theodore Levitt (b March 1 1925, Vollmerz Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Germany &ndash d Robert Manry ( June 2, 1918 &ndash February 21, 1971) was a Copy editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer Sylvia Nasar (born 17 August 1947 in Rosenheim, Germany) is a German economist and author best known for her biography of John Forbes A Beautiful Mind Cary Nelson (born May 15, 1946) professor of English and Jubilee Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is a Delegate to Congress representing the District of Columbia A Delegate to Congress is a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives who is elected from a U Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Allan Richard Pred (1936 &ndash 2007 was an internationally-known American Geographer and professor at the University of California at Berkeley He wrote Americus Vespucius Rice (November 18 1835 &ndash April 4 1904 was a nineteenth century politician banker and businessman from Ohio. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Clifford Parker "Cliff" Robertson III (born September 9, 1925) is an Academy Award - winning American Actor with a "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 2nd OVI) was an Infantry Regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. Rodman Edward "Rod" Serling ( December 25, 1924 &ndash June 28, 1975) was an American Screenwriter, best known The Twilight Zone is an American Television series created by Rod Serling. Mark Strand (born April 11, 1934) is an American Poet, Essayist, and Translator. Mia Katherine Zapata ( August 25, 1965 – July 7, 1993) was the lead singer for the Seattle punk band The The Gits were an American Punk rock band formed in Seattle Washington in 1986 and active until 1993 "Antioch's Closure Signals the End of an Era", The Chronicle of Higher Education, 22 June 2007. The Chronicle of Higher Education is a Newspaper that represents a source of news information and jobs for college and university faculty and administration Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.  
  2. ^ Cohen, Patricia. "The College That Would Not Go Gently", Education Life, The New York Times, April 20, 2008. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.  
  3. ^ "Antioch College Suspends Operations to Design 21st Century Campus: State-of-the-Art Campus projected to open in 2012", Antioch College, 2007-6-12. Retrieved on 2007-06-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.  
  4. ^ Shapiro, Gary. "Antioch College Faculty Revolts Against Proposed Closing of School", The New York Sun, August 16 2007. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Retrieved on 2007-07-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and  
  5. ^ Alumni Resolution. Antioch College Alumni Board (June 24 2007). Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Retrieved on 2007-06-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place
  6. ^ a b Antioch College (November 3 2007). Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. ""Alumni Board and Board of Trustees Reach Unprecedented Agreement: Antioch College to Remain Open"". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
  7. ^ Chiddister, Diane. "Negotiations Between ACCC and University Come to a Halt", Yellow Springs News, April 3, 2008. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom  
  8. ^ Allen, Ira W. (1858). History of the Rise, Difficulties & Suspension of Antioch College. Columbus, Ohio: John Geary & Son, 1. Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio.  
  9. ^ Morgan, Joyce Elder (1938). Horace Mann at Antioch. Washington, D.C.: The Horace Mann Centennial Fund, National Education Association, 150. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D  
  10. ^ a b Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College (1853-1921). Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 4. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  11. ^ Morgan, Joyce Elder (1938). Horace Mann at Antioch. Washington, D.C.: The Horace Mann Centennial Fund, National Education Association, 93. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D  
  12. ^ Straker, Robert L. (1854). Brief Sketch of Antioch (1853-1921). Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 6. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  13. ^ Morgan, Joyce Elmer (1938). Horace Mann at Antioch. Washington, D.C.: Horace Mann Centennial Fund, National Education Association, 71. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D  
  14. ^ Morgan, Joyce Elder (1938). Horace Mann at Antioch. Washington D.C.: The Horace Mann Centennial Fund, National Education Association, 77. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D  
  15. ^ Mann, Horace (June 29 1859). This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Baccalaureate Address of 1859.  
  16. ^ Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch (1853-1921). Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 5. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  17. ^ Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College (1853-1921). Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 12. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  18. ^ Morgan, Joyce Elmer (1938). Horace Mann at Antioch. Washington D.C.: The Horace Mann Centennial Fund, National Education Association, 74. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D  
  19. ^ a b Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College (1853-1921). Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 8. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  20. ^ Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College (1853-1921). Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 9. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  21. ^ a b Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College (1853-1921). Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 13. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  22. ^ Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College. Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 19. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  23. ^ a b Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College. Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 21. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  24. ^ Straker, Robert L. (1954). Brief Sketch of Antioch College. Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 22. Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College.  
  25. ^ a b Morgan, Joyce elder (1938). Horace Mann at Antioch. Washington, D.C.: The Horace Mann Centennial Fund, National Education Association, 157-158. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D  
  26. ^ Scott, Coretta (April-June, 1922). Coretta Scott King (April 27 1927 January 30 2006 was an American Author and Activist, perhaps most recognized as the wife of Martin "Why I Came to College". Opportunity, Journal of Negro Life 26 (2).  
  27. ^ Holmes Norton, Eleanor (July 11 1996). Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is a Delegate to Congress representing the District of Columbia Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. National Security Archive Interview. The National Security Archives at George Washington University. The George Washington University ( GW or GWU) is a private coeducational university located in Washington D Retrieved on 2007-06-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians
  28. ^ a b "Antioch College Sexual Offense Prevention Policy, Addendum A", Antioch College. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World  
  29. ^ "Sex Consent Policy Set at Antioch", Columbus Dispatch, pp. The Columbus Dispatch is a daily Newspaper, based in Columbus Ohio, that serves the central portion of the state  4D.  
  30. ^ Goodman, Ellen. "The struggle on college campuses to create a standard of sexual equality", The Boston Globe, September 19 1993, pp. The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily Newspaper in Boston and in New England, Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.  75.  
  31. ^ "Commencement 2000: The Keynote Speakers", The Antioch Record, April 29 2000, pp. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans.  1. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final  
  32. ^ a b Lawry, Steve (June 22 2007). Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. State of the College Address. Retrieved on 2007-06-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish
  33. ^ "About the Center", The Coretta Scott King Center for Cultural and Intellectual Freedom. Retrieved on 2007-09-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself  
  34. ^ Fain, Paul (June 13 2007). Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for "Antioch College to Close; Board Hopes to Reopen in 2012". The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 (41). The Chronicle of Higher Education is a Newspaper that represents a source of news information and jobs for college and university faculty and administration  
  35. ^ "Quick Takes: Professors Sue Antioch" (August 15 2007). Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Inside Higher Ed. Inside Higher Ed is a free daily online publication that covers a variety of college and university issues  "
  36. ^ Antioch College (August 27 2007). Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan "Antioch Board and University Leadership to Work With Alumni Board". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-08-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  37. ^ Antioch College (September 1 2007). Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. "Antioch College President Steps Down". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-09-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself
  38. ^ Jaschik, Scott (September 4 2007). Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "Antioch College President Was Ousted". Inside Higher Ed. Inside Higher Ed is a free daily online publication that covers a variety of college and university issues  
  39. ^ Jaschik, Scott; Elizabeth Redden. "Quick Takes: No Confidence Vote at Antioch", Inside Higher Ed, September 6 2007. Inside Higher Ed is a free daily online publication that covers a variety of college and university issues Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Retrieved on 2007-06-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits  
  40. ^ Carlson, Scott. ""A House Divided"", June 29 2007. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"  
  41. ^ Chiddister, Diane. ""Donors balk at perceived lack of College's independence"", The Yellow Springs News, November 22 2007. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Retrieved on 2007-11-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran  
  42. ^ ""Antioch University Trustees Reconfirm Antioch College Suspension"", February 22 2008. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne  
  43. ^ Gottschlich, Stephanie Irwin. ""Antioch College takeover negotiations fail: University said it needed $12.2 million in cash up front"", Dayton Daily News, March 28 2008. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.  
  44. ^ Chiddister, Diane. ""University trustees reject AC3 offer"", The Yellow Springs News, May 11 2008. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Retrieved on 2008-05-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople  
  45. ^ Liberal Arts Colleges - Tier 3. America's Best Colleges, 2007. U. S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2007-06-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat  “subscription required”
  46. ^ Pope, Loren. Loren Pope (July 13 1910 &ndash September 23 2008 was an American writer and independent college placement counselor Antioch College. Colleges That Change Lives. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
  47. ^ Will, George. George Frederick Will (born May 4, 1941) is a Pulitzer Prize -winning conservative American newspaper Columnist, journalist "Farewell, Antioch", July 15 2007. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Retrieved on 2007-07-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians  
  48. ^ Scott King, Coretta (June 25 2004). Coretta Scott King (April 27 1927 January 30 2006 was an American Author and Activist, perhaps most recognized as the wife of Martin Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Address. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history [1]

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