For the constellation, see Antinous (constellation); for the asteroid, see 1863 Antinous; for the mythological figure, see Antinous son of Eupeithes

Bust of Antinous From Patras, (National Archaeological Museum in Athens)

Antinous bust of the Prado museum, Royal collection, Madrid

Antinoüs or Antinoös (Greek: Ἀντίνοος) born ca. Antinous was a former Constellation south of Aquila. According to a tale an Oracle told emperor Hadrian that only death of his most Asteroids, sometimes called Minor planets or planetoids', are bodies—primarily of the inner Solar System —that are smaller than planets but 1863 Antinous is an Apollo and Mars crosser asteroid discovered in 1948 by Carl A In Greek mythology, Antinous son of Eupeithes, was one of the two chief suitors of Penelope during the absence of her husband Odysseus, at the Trojan Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly AD 110 or AD 111, died AD 130), was the beloved of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who deified him after his death. In the pederastic tradition of Classical Athens, the eromenos ( Greek ἐρώμενος pl The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after

Biography

Antinous was born to a Greek family in Bithynion-Claudiopolis, in the Roman province of Bithynia in what is now north-west Turkey. Bolu ( Greek: Βιθύνιον /Vithinion Latin Bithynium or Claudiopolis) is a town in Turkey, and administrative center In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches It is thought he joined the entourage of the Emperor when Hadrian passed through Bithynia in about 124, and soon became his pederastic eromenos (lover) who accompanied him on his many journeys through the empire. Pederasty or paederasty refers to an erotic relationship sexually expressed or not between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family In the pederastic tradition of Classical Athens, the eromenos ( Greek ἐρώμενος pl Another version has it that Hadrian had the empire searched for the most beautiful youth, and chose Antinous. Their relationship is understood to have followed the pattern of traditional Greek pederastic love affairs. Greek Pederasty, as idealised by the Greeks from archaic times onward was a relationship and bond between an adolescent boy and an adult man outside

In October 130, according to Hadrian, "Antinous was drowned in Nilus. " This is the only contemporaneous statement made — significantly by the one person in a position to "testify" at an inquaestio whose word was above reproach — and the sentence structure and meaning are very precise, whether translated from Latin or Greek. Speculation that Antinous drowned by accident, committed suicide or was "sacrificed" by Hadrian appeared later, and may have had a political agenda. It is not known whether his death was the result of accident, suicide, murder, or religious sacrifice. Sacrifice (from a Middle English verb meaning "to make sacred" from Old French, from Latin sacrificium: sacr, "sacred" Marguerite Yourcenar's book Memoirs of Hadrian portrays the death as a likely suicide. Marguerite Yourcenar was the Pseudonym of French Novelist Marguerite Antoinette Jeanne Marie Ghislaine Cleenewerck de Crayencour ( Brussels Memoirs of Hadrian is a Novel by the French Writer Marguerite Yourcenar about the life and death of Roman Emperor The speculation concerning suicide includes the possibility that Antinous sacrificed himself in an attempt to improve Hadrian's health. It seems very improbable that Hadrian would have consented to the death of his companion, given the depth of his grief following the loss, so if Antinous was murdered or committed suicide, Hadrian was taken by surprise.

At his death the emperor decreed Antinous' deification, and the 2nd century Christian writer Tatian mentions a belief that his likeness was placed over the face of the Moon, though this may be exaggerated due to his anti-pagan polemical style. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world ^[1]

Legacy

Antinous (Museo Pio-Clementino)

After his death, the grief of the emperor knew no bounds, causing the most extravagant respect to be paid to his memory. The Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani in Viale Vaticano in Rome, inside the Vatican City, are one of the greatest museums in the world since they display works Cities were founded in his name, medals struck with his effigy, and statues erected to him in all parts of the empire. Following the example of Alexander (who sought divine honours for his lover, Hephaistion, when he died), Hadrian had Antinous proclaimed a god. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Hephaestion ( Greek:, alternative spelling "Hephaistion" c Temples were built for his worship in Bithynia, Mantineia in Arcadia, and Athens, festivals celebrated in his honour and oracles delivered in his name. Mantineia ( Greek: Μαντίνεια formerly also Antigonia - Αντιγόνεια was a city in ancient Arcadia in the central Peloponnese Arcadia or Arkadía ( Greek Αρκαδία is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's An oracle is a person or agency considered to be a source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion an Infallible authority usually spiritual in nature The city of Antinopolis or Antinoe was founded on the ruins of Besa where he died (Dio Cassius lix. Antinopolis ( Antinoöpolis) ( Greek:, Coptic Ansena, modern Sheikh 'Ibada) was a city founded at an older Egyptian village by the 11; Spartianus, "Hadrian"). One of Hadrian's attempts at extravagant remembrance failed, when the proposal to create a constellation of Antinous being lifted to heaven by an eagle (the constellation Aquila) failed of adoption. Antinous was a former Constellation south of Aquila. According to a tale an Oracle told emperor Hadrian that only death of his most Aquila ( or, Eagle; sometimes named the Vulture) is one of the 48 Constellations listed by Ptolemy, also mentioned by Eudoxus (4th

After deification, Antinous was associated with and depicted as the Ancient Egyptian god Osiris, associated with the rebirth of the Nile. Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now Osiris ( Greek language, also Usiris; the Egyptian language name is variously transliterated Asar, Aser, Ausar, Ausir The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River Antinous was also depicted as the Roman Bacchus, a god related to fertility, cutting vine leaves. In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman

The "Lansdowne Antinous" was found at Hadrian's Villa in 1769 (Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge)

Worship, or at least acknowledgment, of the idealized Antinous was widespread, although mainly outside the city of Rome. William Petty-FitzMaurice 1st Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, PC (2 May 1737 &ndash 7 May 1805 known as The Earl of Shelburne between 1761 and 1784 by which The Hadrian's Villa ( Villa Adriana in Italian) is a large Roman Archaeological complex at Tivoli, Italy. The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge and is located on Trumpington Street Cambridge, England. As a result, Antinous is one of the best-preserved faces from the ancient world. Many busts, gems and coins represent Antinous as the ideal type of youthful beauty, often with the attributes of some special god. They include a colossal bust in the Vatican,^[2] a bust in the Louvre (the Antinous Mondragone), a bas-relief from the Villa Albani,^[3] a statue in the Capitoline museum (the so-called Capitoline Antinous, now accepted to be a portrayal of Hermes), another in Berlin, another in the Lateran and one in the Fitzwilliam Museum; and many more may be seen in museums across Europe. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France The Antinous Mondragone is a unique colossal 095 m high marble example of the iconographic type of the deified Antinous, of c A bas-relief (baʁəljɛf in French; French for "low relief" derived from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a Sculpture See Albani for other uses of that name Alessandro Albani ( October 15, 1692 &ndash December 11, 1779 The Capitoline Museums ( Italian Musei Capitolini) are a group of art and archeological Museums in Piazza del Campidoglio The Capitoline 'Antinous' is a marble statue of a young nude male found at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, during the time when Conte Giuseppe Fede was undertaking Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Lateran and Laterano are the shared names of several architectural projects throughout Rome. The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge and is located on Trumpington Street Cambridge, England. There are also statues in many archaeological museums in Greece including the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, the archaeological museums of Patras, Chalkis and Delphi. Although these may well be idealised images, they demonstrate what all contemporary writers described as Antinous's extraordinary beauty. Although many of the sculptures are instantly recognizable, some offer significant variation in terms of the suppleness and sensuality of the pose and features versus the rigidity and typical masculinity. In 1998 the remains of the monumental tomb of Antinous, or a temple to him, were discovered at Hadrian's Villa. The Hadrian's Villa ( Villa Adriana in Italian) is a large Roman Archaeological complex at Tivoli, Italy. ^[4]

Gallery

As Bacchus, Vatican	As Bacchus, Vatican	from Delphi	Antinous Mondragone at the Louvre Museum
Antinous Ecouen, from Villa Adriana at Tivoli	Bust of Antinous in the Palazzo Altemps museum in Rome. The Antinous Mondragone is a unique colossal 095 m high marble example of the iconographic type of the deified Antinous, of c The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France The Hadrian's Villa ( Villa Adriana in Italian) is a large Roman Archaeological complex at Tivoli, Italy. Tivoli, the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km from Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it The National Museum of Rome ( Museo Nazionale Romano in Italian is a set of museums in Rome, Italy, split between various branches across the city	Vatican Museums, colossal bust, from Villa Adriana	As Bacchus, Capitoline Museums
The Antinous Braschi type (Louvre)	Antinous as a priest of the imperial cult (Louvre)	Antinous Farnese, Naples National Archaeological Museum	Capitoline Antinous, Capitoline Museums, from the Villa Adriana
Villa Albani relief from the Torlonia collection, Rome	Relief, as Sylvanus, National Museum of Rome	Antinous as Osiris	Head (the bust is modern), Antikensammlung, Berlin]]
Illustration by Édouard-Henri Avril. The Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani in Viale Vaticano in Rome, inside the Vatican City, are one of the greatest museums in the world since they display works The Capitoline Museums ( Italian Musei Capitolini) are a group of art and archeological Museums in Piazza del Campidoglio The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France The Imperial cult in Ancient Rome was the worship of a few select emperors as gods once they were deceased the only emperor to The Antinous Farnese is a specific marble sculptural representation of Antinous, named after its one-time owners the Farnese family The Naples National Archaeological Museum ( Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli) is located in Naples Italy, at the northwest corner of the original Greek The Capitoline 'Antinous' is a marble statue of a young nude male found at Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, during the time when Conte Giuseppe Fede was undertaking The Capitoline Museums ( Italian Musei Capitolini) are a group of art and archeological Museums in Piazza del Campidoglio See Albani for other uses of that name Alessandro Albani ( October 15, 1692 &ndash December 11, 1779 The princes Torlonia are a Roman family with origins in a huge fortune gained during the 18th and 19th centuries by its administration of the finances of the Vatican The National Museum of Rome ( Museo Nazionale Romano in Italian is a set of museums in Rome, Italy, split between various branches across the city Osiris ( Greek language, also Usiris; the Egyptian language name is variously transliterated Asar, Aser, Ausar, Ausir Édouard-Henri Avril ( 21 May 1843 in Algiers &ndash 1928 in Le Raincy) was a French painter and Commercial artist.

References

Sources

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• Encyclopædia Britannica: Antinous
• Marguerite Yourcenar's 1951 historical novel, Memoirs of Hadrian (Mémoires d'Hadrien) is a fictional account of the relationship, as told by the Emperor
• Dietrich, Antinoos (1884)
• Dynes, Wayne R. Marguerite Yourcenar was the Pseudonym of French Novelist Marguerite Antoinette Jeanne Marie Ghislaine Cleenewerck de Crayencour ( Brussels Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Memoirs of Hadrian is a Novel by the French Writer Marguerite Yourcenar about the life and death of Roman Emperor Antinous. 2Dynes, Wayne R. (ed. ) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. New York and London, Garland Publishing, 1990 pp. 67-68.
• Ebers, Der Kaiser (1881).
• Laban, Der Gemütsausdruck des Antinoos (1891)
• Lambert, R. , Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous (New York, 1984)
• Levezow, Über den Antinous (1808)

Ancient Literary Sources

• Biography of Hadrian in the Augustan History (attributed to Aelius Spartianus)
• Cassius Dio, epitome of book 69

External links

• Aedicula Antinoi, Ecclesia Antinoi
• Antinous Homepage - various facets of the Antinous topic
• Antinous: the face of the Antique, an exhibition at the Henry Moore Institute
• Cassius Dio's Roman History, epitome of Book 69
• Hadrian's life and his love for Antinous
• Memoirs of Hadrian, an upcoming movie by John Boorman
• Sculpture of Antinous at the Lady lever Art Gallery
• The first Antinous Forum (new)
• The Sacred Antinous - Erotically-charged, explicitly illustrated, queer-themed historical fiction about Antinous and Hadrian
• The Shrine of Antinous
• The Temple of Antinous, Ecclesia Antinoi
• Virtual Museum: Portraits of Antinous
• A website dedicated to the "Worship of Antinous"