Antigone (pronounced /ænˈtɪɡəni/; Greek Αντιγόνη) is the name of two different women in Greek mythology. Frederic Leighton 1st Baron Leighton PRA ( 3 December 1830 &ndash 25 January 1896) was an English painter and sculptor Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The name may be taken to mean "unbending", coming from "anti-" (against, opposed to) and "-gon / -gony" (corner, bend, angle; ex: polygon), but has also been suggested to mean "opposed to motherhood" or "in place of a mother" based from the root gone, "that which generates" (related: gonos, "-gony"; seed, semen).
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Classical depictions of the daughter of Oedipus
- See also: Oedipus
Antigone is the daughter of the accidentally incestuous marriage between King Oedipus of Thebes and his mother Jocasta (thus, Antigone is also her father Oedipus's half-sister and, through her father, her mother Jocasta's granddaughter). Oedipus (pronounced /ˈɛdəpəs/ in American English or /ˈiːdəpəs/ in British English; Greek: Oidípous meaning "swollen-footed" Oedipus (pronounced /ˈɛdəpəs/ in American English or /ˈiːdəpəs/ in British English; Greek: Oidípous meaning "swollen-footed" Thebes ( Classic Greek Θῆβαι, Mod Θήβα) is a city in Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range which divides In Greek mythology, Jocasta, also known as Jocaste (Iοκαστη or Epikastê was a daughter of Menoeceus and Queen consort of Thebes She is the subject of a popular story in which she attempts to secure a respectable burial for her brother Polynices, even though he was a traitor to Thebes. In Greek mythology, Polynices or Polyneices ( Greek: Πολυνείκης transl
In the oldest version of the story, the funeral of Polynices takes place during Oedipus's reign in Thebes. However, in the best-known versions, Sophocles's tragedies Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone, it occurs in the years after Oedipus's banishment and death, and Antigone has to struggle against Creon. Sophocles (ˈsɒfəkliːz Ancient Greek, sopʰoklɛ̂ːs circa Oedipus at Colonus (also Oedipus Coloneus, and in Greek Οἰδίπους ἐπὶ Κολωνῷ Oidipous epi Kolōnō) is one of the Creon ( Attic Greek: Κρέων - Kreōn, meaning "ruler" is the name of two mythological Greek kings a mythological son of Sophocles's Antigone ends in disaster as Antigone commits suicide, not realizing that Creon has been persuaded to allow Polynices a funeral, and Creon's son Haemon (or Haimon), who loved Antigone, kills himself. In Greek mythology, Haemon ("bloody" (or Haimon, Greek:Άιμον Haimon) was the son of Creon and Eurydice. (Also see Oedipus for a variant of this story. Oedipus (pronounced /ˈɛdəpəs/ in American English or /ˈiːdəpəs/ in British English; Greek: Oidípous meaning "swollen-footed" ) Queen Eurydice, wife of King Creon, also kills herself at the end of the story due to seeing such actions allowed by her husband. She had been forced to knit throughout the entire story and her death alludes to Greek Mythology's 3 Fates.
The dramatist Euripides also wrote a play called Antigone, which is lost, but some of the text was preserved by later writers and in passages in his Phoenissae. Euripides ( Ancient Greek:) (ca 480 BC–406 BC was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus The Phoenician Women (Φοίνισσαι / Phoinissai) is a Tragedy by Euripides based on the same story as Aeschylus ' play In Euripides, the calamity is averted by the intercession of Dionysus and is followed by the marriage of Antigone and Haemon. In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman
Different elements of the legend appear in other places. A description of an ancient painting by Philostratus (Imag. Philostratus, was the name of four Greek Sophists of the Roman imperial period: (c ii. 29) refers to Antigone placing the body of Polynices on the funeral pyre, and this is also depicted on a sarcophagus in the Villa Pamfili in Rome. A sarcophagus is a Funeral receptacle for a Corpse, most commonly carved or cut from stone Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 And in Hyginus's version of the legend, founded apparently on a tragedy by some follower of Euripides, Antigone, on being handed over by Creon to her lover Haemon to be slain, is secretly carried off by him and concealed in a shepherd's hut, where she bears him a son, Maeon. Gaius Julius Hyginus (ca 64 BC &ndash AD 17 was a Latin author but whether a native of Spain or of Alexandria is not sure a pupil of the famous Creon ( Attic Greek: Κρέων - Kreōn, meaning "ruler" is the name of two mythological Greek kings a mythological son of When the boy grows up, he attends some funeral games at Thebes, and is recognized by the mark of a dragon on his body. This leads to the discovery that Antigone is still alive. The demi-god Heracles then intercedes, pleading in vain with Creon for Haemon, who slew both Antigone and himself to escape his father's vengeance. In Greek mythology, Heracles or Herakles ("glory of Hera " or This intercession by Heracles is also represented on a painted vase. (Heydermann, Über eine nacheuripideische Antigone, 1868).
Influential interpretations in contemporary philosophy and psychoanalysis
After being elaborated by Jacques Lacan in his Ethics of psychoanalysis seminar from 1959-1960 in the light of ethical as well as aesthetical questions, Antigone was further notably interpreted by Luce Irigaray, Bracha L. Ettinger and Judith Butler. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (French ʒak lakɑ̃ ( April 13, 1901 &ndash September 9, 1981) was a French Psychoanalyst Luce Irigaray (born 1932 Belgium) is a French feminist, Philosopher, Linguist, psychoanalytic and cultural theorist Bracha L Ettinger (born 1951 also known as Bracha Ettinger, Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger, Hebrew ברכה אטינגר, ברכה ליכטנברג-אטינגר Judith Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American Post-structuralist philosopher who has contributed to the fields of Feminism Each of these authors turned Antigone in different and particular ways into an emblematic figure of sexual difference.
References
- Jacques Lacan (1959-1960), The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, London: Routledge, 1992.
- Luce Irigaray (1974), "The Eternal irony of the Community", in: Speculum of the Other Woman, Cornell University Press, 1985.
- Bracha Ettinger (1997), "Transgressing with-in-to the feminine", in: P. Florence & N. Foster (eds. ), Differential Aesthetics, London: Ashgate, 2000.
- Judith Butler, Antigone's Claim, NY: Columbia University Press, 2000.
Antigone in popular media
The story of Antigone has been a popular subject for books, plays, and other works, including:
- Antigone, one of the three Theban plays by Sophocles (495 BC - 406 BC)
- Antigone, play by Jean Cocteau (1889-1963)
- Antigone, full-length album by Heaven Shall Burn (2004)
- Antigone, opera by Carl Orff (1895-1982)
- Antigone, play by Jean Anouilh (1910-1987)
- "Antigone-Legend", for soprano and piano (text by Bertolt Brecht), by Frederic Rzewski (b. The three Theban Plays, or the Oedipus cycle written by Greek dramatist Sophocles in the 5th century BCE, are those of his surviving works which follow Sophocles (ˈsɒfəkliːz Ancient Greek, sopʰoklɛ̂ːs circa Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Heaven Shall Burn is a Deathcore band from Saalfeld, Germany. Carl Orff ( &ndash) was a 20th-century German Composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937 Jean Anouilh 's play Antigone is a Tragedy inspired by Greek mythology and the play of the same name ( Antigone, Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh (ʒɑ̃ anwi June 23, 1910 &ndash October 3, 1987) was a French Dramatist. (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. Frederic Anthony Rzewski (born April 13 1938 in Westfield Massachusetts) is an American Composer and virtuoso Pianist. 1938)
- Antigone, opera by Mikis Theodorakis (b. Mikis Theodorakis (Μίκης Θεοδωράκης (b July 29 1925, Greek island of Chios) is one of the most popular Greek composers 1925)
- Antigone (1990/1991), opera by Ton de Leeuw (b. Ton de Leeuw (born Rotterdam, 16 November 1926, died Paris, 31 May 1996) was a Dutch Composer. 1926)
- Antígona Furiosa (Furious Antigone), play by Griselda Gambaro (b. Griselda 1928)
- "The Island", play by Athol Fugard (b. Athol Fugard (born 11 June 1932 is a South African playwright novelist actor and director who writes in, best known for his political plays opposing the South African system 1932)
- La Pasión Según Antígona Pérez (The Passion of Antigone Pérez), adaptation of Sophocles by Puerto Rican writer Luis Rafael Sánchez (b. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Dr Luis Rafael Sánchez aka " Wico " (born 1936 is considered by many to be the greatest Puerto Rican Playwright of modern times 1936), updated to 20th century Latin America
- Tegonni, An African Antigone by Femi Osofisan (b. Babafemi Adeyemi Osofisan (born June 1946 in Erunwon, Ogun State) is a Nigerian writer known for his critique of societal problems and his use of African traditional 1946)
- Antigone, adaptation of Sophocles' play by Peruvian poet José Watanabe (b. José Watanabe ( 1946 - April 25, 2007) was a Peruvian Poet who won a number of literary awards 1946)
- Antigone, opera by Mark Alburger (b. 1957)
- Antigone play by Andy Wibbels (b. 1975)
- Antigone, comic book by David Hopkins (b. David Hopkins (born May 1 1977 is an American comic book writer and essayist 1977)
- Antigone by Henry Bauchau
- The Burial At Thebes by Seamus Heaney
- Governing Alice by C. Henry Bauchau (born 22 January 1913) is a Belgian psychoanalyst as well as author of French-language prose and poetry Denby Swanson
- Echo Boom by Caitlin Montanye Parrish
Daughter of Eurytion
A different Antigone was the daughter of Eurytion and wife of Peleus. In Greek mythology Eurytion (or alternatively Eurythion) "widely-honoured" was a name attributed to six individuals In Greek mythology, Pēleús (Πηλεύς was a hero who was already known to Homer.
Peleus and Telamon, his brother, killed their half-brother Phocus and fled Aegina to escape punishment. In Greek mythology, Pēleús (Πηλεύς was a hero who was already known to Homer. In Greek mythology, Telamon (in Greek, Τελαμών) son of the king Aeacus, of Aegina, and Endeis and brother of In Greek mythology, two different people bore the name Phocus. In Phthia, Peleus was purified by Eurytion and married Antigone, Eurytion's daughter. Phthia may also refer to Phthia of Epirus, the mother of Pyrrhus of Epirus. In Greek mythology Eurytion (or alternatively Eurythion) "widely-honoured" was a name attributed to six individuals Peleus accidentally killed Eurytion during the hunt for the Calydonian Boar and fled Phthia. The Calydonian Boar is one of the monsters of Greek mythology that had to be overcome by heroes of the Olympian age
Peleus was purifed of the murder of Eurytion in Iolcus by Acastus. Iolcos (also known as Iolkos or Iolcus, Greek: Ιωλκός was an ancient City in Thessaly, central-eastern Greece (near Acastus (Ἄκαστος is a character in Greek mythology. He sailed with Jason and the Argonauts, and participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Also in Iolcus, Peleus lost a wrestling match in the funeral games of Pelias, Acastus' father, to Atalanta. Pelias was king of Iolcus in Greek mythology, the son of Tyro, daughter of Aleus, and of either Poseidon or Cretheus Atalanta (Αταλάντη English translation: "balanced" is a character from ancient Greek mythology. Astydameia, Acastus' wife, fell in love with Peleus but he scorned her. In Greek mythology, Astydameia (or Astydamea, Astydamia) is a name attributed to three individuals Bitter, she sent a messenger to Antigone to falsely tell her that Peleus was to marry Acastus' daughter; Antigone hanged herself. (Apollodorus, iii. 13).
Astydameia then told Acastus that Peleus had tried to rape her. Acastus took Peleus on a hunting trip and hid his sword, then abandoned him right before a group of centaurs attacked. In Greek mythology, the centaurs (from Ancient Greek: Κένταυροι - Kéntauroi are a race of creatures composed of part Human Chiron, the wise centaur, returned Peleus' sword and Peleus managed to escape. In Greek mythology, Chiron or Cheiron ("hand" was held as the superlative Centaur among his brethren He pillaged Iolcus and dismembered Astydameia, then marched his army between the pieces.
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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