Citizendia
Your Ad Here

schematic representation of antibody.
schematic representation of antibody. Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) are Gamma globulin Proteins that are found in Blood or other Bodily

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are antibodies often directed against cardiolipin and found in several diseases including syphilis[1], antiphospholipid syndrome, livedoid vasculitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Behçet's syndrome[2], idiopathic spontaneous abortion,[3] and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Cardiolipin (bis phosphatidyl Glycerol) is an important component of the inner Mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS or APLS or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a disorder of Coagulation, which causes blood clots ( Thrombosis) in both Livedoid vasculitis (also known as "livedo vasculitis" livedo reticularis, and "livedoid vasculopathy" is a vascular disorder mostly affecting Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI or vertebral basilar Ischemia, refers to a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the Posterior circulation Behçet disease (Behçet's syndrome Morbus Behçet, silk road disease (bɛˈtʃɛt (enPR bĕCHĔT is a chronic condition due to disturbances in the body’s Immune Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE or lupus,) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal though with recent medical advances fatalities are becoming [4] They are a form of anti-mitochondrial antibody. Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA are Antibodies ( Immunoglobulins) formed against Mitochondria, primarily mitochondria in cells of the In SLE, The anti-DNA antibodies and anti-cardiolipin act independently. [5] In rheumatoid arthritis[6] w/systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)[7] these antibodies may tie two conditions together. Scleroderma is a chronic Autoimmune disease characterized by a hardening or Sclerosis in the Skin or other organs

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies come can be classified in two ways.

Apolipoprotein H involvement

β2-glycoprotein I has been identified as Apolipoprotein H and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease. Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test or VDRL was developed by the former Venereal Disease Research Laboratory now the Treponemal Pathogenesis and Immunology Branch of the United [8] Only a subset of autoimmune anti-cardiolipin antibodies bind Apo-H, these anti-apolipoprotein antibodies are associated with increased thrombosis. In autoimmune disease anti- Apolipoprotein H (AAHA antibodies also called (Anti β2 glycoprotein I antibodies comprise a subset of Anti-cardiolipin antibodies

References

  1. ^ a b Tringali GR, Julian AJ, Halbert WM (1969). "Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment on anticardiolipin reactivity in sera from syphilitics and false positive reactors". The British journal of venereal diseases 45 (3): 202–4. PMID 5346419.  
  2. ^ Hull RG, Harris EN, Gharavi AE, et al (1984). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: occurrence in Behçet's syndrome". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43 (5): 746–8. PMID 6497467.  
  3. ^ Petri M, Golbus M, Anderson R, Whiting-O'Keefe Q, Corash L, Hellmann D (1987). "Antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibody in women with idiopathic habitual abortion. A controlled, prospective study of forty-four women". Arthritis Rheum. 30 (6): 601–6. PMID 3111489.  
  4. ^ Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML, et al (1983). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus". Lancet 2 (8361): 1211–4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91267-9. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 6139567.  
  5. ^ Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Loizou S, et al (1985). "Crossreactivity of antiphospholipid antibodies". Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology 16 (1): 1–6. PMID 3981615.  
  6. ^ Keane A, Woods R, Dowding V, Roden D, Barry C (1987). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis". Br. J. Rheumatol. 26 (5): 346–50. PMID 3664159.  
  7. ^ Malia RG, Greaves M, Rowlands LM, et al (1988). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic sclerosis: immunological and clinical associations". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 73 (3): 456–60. PMID 2974767.  
  8. ^ McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1990). "Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87 (11): 4120–4. PMID 2349221.  
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic