Anthracene

Anthracene^[1]


IUPAC name	Anthracene
Identifiers
CAS number	[120-12-7]
SMILES	C12=CC=CC=C1C=C3C(C=CC=C3)=C2
Properties
Molecular formula	C₁₄H₁₀
Molar mass	178. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 23 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless
Density	1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 25 g/cm³ at 19. 85 °C, Solid 0. 969 g/cm³ at 220 °C, liquid
Melting point	218 °C, 491 K, 424 °F
Boiling point	340 °C, 613 K, 644 °F
Solubility in other solvents	Water: none Methanol: 0. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. 908g per liter Hexane: 1. 64g per liter
Hazards
EU classification	Irritant Dangerous for the Environment
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings derived from coal-tar. Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH s are Chemical compounds that consist of fused Aromatic rings and do not contain Heteroatoms or Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high Viscosity, which smells of Naphthalene and Aromatic hydrocarbons Coal tar is among the by-products when coal Anthracene is used in the artificial production of the red dye alizarin. Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength A dye can generally be described as a Colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied Alizarin is an Organic compound that is historically important as a prominent Dye. It is also used in wood preservatives, insecticides, and coating materials. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs A preservative is a natural or synthetic chemical that is added to products such as foods pharmaceuticals paints biological samples wood etc An insecticide is a Pesticide used against Insects in all developmental forms A commodity is anything for which there is demand but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400-500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Fluorescence is a Luminescence that is mostly found as an Ultraviolet ( UV) light is Electromagnetic radiation with a Wavelength shorter than that of Visible light, but longer than X-rays

1 Synthesis
2 Reactions
3 Uses
- 3.1 Bipedal derivative
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Synthesis

A classic method for the preparation of anthracene in the laboratory is by cyclodehydration of o-methyl- or o-methylene-substituted diarylketones in the so-called Elbs reaction (named for the German chemist Karl Elbs). Karl Elbs, born 13 September 1858 in Alt-Breisach, Baden, Germany, died 24 August 1933) was a German chemist

Reactions

Anthracene has the ability to photodimerize with irradiation by UV light. Photochemistry, a sub-discipline of Chemistry, is the study of the interactions between Atoms, small Molecules, and light (or Electromagnetic radiation Ultraviolet ( UV) light is Electromagnetic radiation with a Wavelength shorter than that of Visible light, but longer than X-rays This results in considerable changes in the physical properties of the material.

The dimer is connected by two covalent bonds resulting from the [4+4] cycloaddition. A dimer is a Chemical or Biological entity consisting of two subunits called Monomers which are held together by either Intramolecular forces The dimer reverts to anthracene thermally or with UV irradiation below 300 nm. Ultraviolet ( UV) light is Electromagnetic radiation with a Wavelength shorter than that of Visible light, but longer than X-rays The reversible bonding and photochromic properties of anthracenes is the basis of many potential applications using poly and monosubstituted anthracene derivatives. Photochromism is the reversible transformation of a chemical species between two forms by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation where the two forms have different absorption spectra The reaction is sensitive to oxygen. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the

In most other reactions of anthracene, the central ring is also targeted, as it is the most highly reactive. Electrophilic substitution occurs at the "9" and "10" positions of the center ring, and oxidation of anthracene occurs readily, giving anthraquinone, C₁₄H₈O₂ (below). Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an Electrophile displaces another group typically but not always Hydrogen. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Anthraquinone ( 910-dioxoanthracene) is an aromatic Organic compound.

Uses

Anthracene can also have a hydroxyl group to form 1-hydroxyanthracene and 2-hydroxyanthracene, homologous to phenol and napthol, and hydroxyanthracene is also called anthrol, and anthracenol. In Chemistry, hydroxide is the most common name for the diatomic Anion OH− consisting of Oxygen and Hydrogen Phenol, is a toxic colourless Crystalline Solid with a sweet tarry odor commonly referred to as a "hospital smell" beta-Naphtholsvg|thumb|150px|β-Naphthol]] Naphthol, or hydroxynaphthalene or naphthalenol is either of two colorless crystalline solids with the formula C10H7OH ^[2]^[3] Hydroxyanthracene derivatives are pharmacologically active, and are contained in aloe for example. Pharmacology (from Greek grc φάρμακον pharmakon, "drug" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of how Drugs Aloe, also written Aloë, is a Genus containing about four hundred Species of flowering succulent Plants ^[4]^[5]

Anthracene is an organic semiconductor. An organic semiconductor is any Organic material that has Semiconductor properties It is used as a scintillator for detectors of high energy photons, electrons and alpha particles. A scintillator is a substance that absorbs high-energy (ie Ionizing) electromagnetic or charged Particle radiation then in response fluoresces In Physics, the photon is the Elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J Alpha particles (named after and denoted by the first letter in the Greek alphabet, α consist of two Protons and two Neutrons bound together into a Plastics such as polyvinyltoluene can be doped with anthracene to produce a plastic scintillator that is approximately water equivalent for use in radiation therapy dosimetry. Polyvinyltoluene ( PVT, polyvinyl toluene) is a Synthetic polymer. Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of Ionizing radiation as part of Cancer treatment to control Malignant Radiation dosimetry is the calculation of the Absorbed dose in matter and tissue resulting from the exposure to Ionizing radiation. Anthracene's emission spectrum peaks at between 400 nm and 440 nm. An element's 'emission spectrum' is the relative intensity of Electromagnetic radiation of each Frequency it emits when it is Heated (or more generally when

Bipedal derivative

In 2005, chemists at the University of California, Riverside developed the first bipedal molecule, 9,10-Dithioanthracene, which propels itself in a straight line when heated on a flat copper surface. The University of California Riverside, commonly known as UCR or UC Riverside, is a public Research university and one of the 10 general 910-Dithioanthracene (DTA is the first Molecule ever to be able to "walk" in a straight line by in effect mimicking the bipedal motion of Researchers believe the molecule has potential for use in molecular computers. Molecular computers are massively parallel computers taking advantage of the computational power of molecules (specifically biological

References

External links

Phenanthrene is a Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused Benzene rings Tetracene, also called naphthacene, benzanthracene and 23-benzanthracene, is a Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. iArc is internationally awarded Architects practice based in Seoul, South Korea, led by four partners Kerl Yoo AIA Insoo Park KIRA Jeongim Kim and

Dictionary

-noun

(organic chemistry) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.

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