Sir Anthony van Dyck (many variant spellings;^[1] 22 March 1599 – 9 December 1641) was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Flemish Baroque painting is the art produced in the Southern Netherlands between about 1585 when the Dutch Republic was split from the Habsburg Spain A court painter was an artist who painted for the members of a royal or noble family sometimes on a fixed salary and on an exclusive basis where England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland He is most famous for his portraits of King Charles I of England and Scotland and his family and court, painted with a relaxed elegance that was to be the dominant influence on English portrait-painting for the next 150 years. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. English art is the body of Visual arts originating from the nation of England, in the form of a continuous tradition He also painted biblical and mythological subjects, displayed outstanding facility as a draftsman, and was an important innovator in watercolour and etching. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Watercolor ( US) or Watercolour ( UK) (and "aquarelle" in French is a Painting method For other uses of etch or etching, see Etching (disambiguation, for the history of the method see Old master prints.

Self Portrait With a Sunflower showing the gold collar and medal King Charles I gave him in 1633. The sunflower may represent the king, or royal patronage. ^[2]

Life and work

Self-portrait, 1613-14.

Education

Van Dyck was born to prosperous parents in Antwerp. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the His talent was evident very early, and he was studying painting with Hendrick van Balen by 1609, and became an independent painter around 1615, setting up a workshop with his even younger friend Jan Brueghel the Younger. Hendrik van Balen (1575 - 1632 was a Flemish painter, who was born and died in Antwerp. Jan Brueghel the Younger ( September 13 1601 – September 1 1678) was a Flemish Baroque painter, and the son of Jan Brueghel ^[3] By the age of fifteen he was already a highly accomplished artist, as his Self-portrait, 1613-14, shows. He was admitted to the Antwerp painters' Guild of Saint Luke as a free master by February 1618. The Guild of Saint Luke was the most common name for a city Guild for painters and other artists in Early modern Europe, especially in the Low Countries ^[4] Within a few years he was to be the chief assistant to the dominant master of Antwerp, and the whole of Northern Europe, Peter Paul Rubens, who made much use of sub-contracting artists as well as his own large workshop. His influence on the young artist was immense; Rubens referred to the nineteen-year-old van Dyck as 'the best of my pupils'. ^[5] The origins and exact nature of their relationship are unclear; it has been speculated that Van Dyck was a pupil of Rubens from about 1613, as even his early work shows little trace of van Balen's style, but there is no clear evidence for this. ^[6] At the same time the dominance of Rubens in the small and declining city of Antwerp probably explains why, despite his periodic returns to the city, van Dyck spent most of his career abroad. . ^[6] In 1620, in the Rubens' contract for the major commission for the ceiling of the Jesuit church at Antwerp (now destroyed), van Dyck is specified as one of the "discipelen" who was to execute the paintings to Rubens' designs. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order ^[7]

Italy

In 1620, at the instigation of the brother of the Duke of Buckingham, van Dyck went to England for the first time where he worked for King James I and James VI , receiving £100. The titles Marquess and Duke of Buckingham, referring to Buckingham, have been created several times in the peerages of England, Great Britain James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James ^[6] It was in London in the collection of Earl of Arundel that he first saw the work of Titian, whose use of colour and subtle modeling of form would prove transformational, offering a new stylistic language that would enrich the compositional lessons learned from Rubens. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Thomas Howard 21st Earl of Arundel 4th Earl of Surrey and 1st Earl of Norfolk ( 7 July 1585 &ndash 4 October 1646) was a prominent English Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian ^[8]

Genoan hauteur from the Lomelli family, 1623

After about four months he returned to Flanders, but moved on in late 1621 to Italy, where he remained for 6 years, studying the Italian masters and beginning his career as a successful portraitist. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest He was already presenting himself as a figure of consequence, annoying the rather bohemian Northern artist's colony in Rome, says Bellori, by appearing with "the pomp of Xeuxis. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Gian Pietro Bellori (also known as Giovanni Pietro Bellori or Giovan Pietro Bellori, 1613 - 1696 was a prominent biographer of the Italian Baroque Zeuxis (Ζεύξις (of Heraclea) and Parrhasius (Παρράσιος (of Ephesus and later Athens) were Painters who . . his behaviour was that of a nobleman rather than an ordinary person, and he shone in rich garments; since he was accustomed in the circle of Rubens to noblemen, and being naturally of elevated mind, and anxious to make himself distinguished, he therefore wore - as well as silks - a hat with feathers and brooches, gold chains across his chest, and was accompanied by servants. " ^[9]

He was mostly based in Genoa, although he also travelled extensively to other cities, and stayed for some time in Palermo in Sicily. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Palermo ( Sicilian: Palermu, Greek: Panormus, al-Madinah during Muslim rule is a historic City in Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. For the Genoese aristocracy, then in a final flush of prosperity, he developed a full-length portrait style, drawing on Veronese and Titian as well as Ruben's style from his own period in Genoa, where extremely tall but graceful figures look down on the viewer with great hauteur. In 1627, he went back to Antwerp where he remained for five years, painting more affable portraits which still made his Flemish patrons look as stylish as possible. A life-size group portrait of twenty-four City Councillors of Brussels he painted for the council-chamber was destroyed in 1695. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is ^[10]. He was evidently very charming to his patrons, and, like Rubens, well able to mix in aristocratic and court circles, which added to his ability to obtain commissions. By 1630 he was described as the court painter of the Hapsburg Governor of Flanders, the Archduchess Isabella. In this period he also produced many religious works, including large altarpieces, and began his printmaking (see below). An altarpiece is a picture or Relief representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the Altar of a church

London

The more intimate, but still elegant style he developed in England, ca 1638

King Charles I was the most passionate and generous collector of art among the British monarchs, and saw art as a way of promoting his grandiose view of the monarchy. In 1628 he bought the fabulous collection that the Gonzagas of Mantua were forced to dispose of, and he had been trying since his accession in 1625 to bring leading foreign painters to England. Charles I of Gonzaga-Nevers ( Italian: Carlo I Gonzaga; May 6 1580 - September 22 1637) was Duke of Mantua and Mantua (Màntova in the local dialect of Lombard language Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the In 1626 he was able to persuade Orazio Gentileschi to settle in England, later to be joined by his daughter Artemesia and some of his sons. Orazio Lomi Gentileschi (1563 - 1639 was an Italian Baroque painter one of more important painters influenced by Caravaggio (the so-called Caravaggisti Artemisia Gentileschi ( July 8 1593 &ndash 1651/1653 was an Italian Early Baroque painter today considered one of the most accomplished painters Rubens was an especial target, who eventually came on a diplomatic mission, which included painting, in 1630, and later supplied more paintings from Antwerp. He was very well treated during his nine month visit, during which he was knighted. Charles' court portraitist Daniel Mytens, was a somewhat pedestrian Fleming. Daniël Mijtens ( Delft c 1590 - The Hague 1647-48 known in England as Daniel Mytens the Elder, was a Dutch portrait painter who spent the Charles was extremely short (less than five foot tall) and presented challenges to a portraitist.

Van Dyck had remained in touch with the English court, and had helped King Charles' agents in their search for pictures. He had also sent back some of his own works, including a portrait (1623) of himself with Endymion Porter, one of Charles's agents, a mythology (Rinaldo and Armida, 1629, now in the Baltimore Museum of Art), and a religious work for the Queen. Endymion Porter (1587 &ndash 1649 was an English royalist, descended from Sir William Porter Sergeant-at-arms to Henry VII, and son Armida is a beautiful enchantress in Torquato Tasso 's Jerusalem Delivered, who bewitched Rinaldo one of the Crusaders by her charms as Circe The Baltimore Museum of Art in Baltimore Maryland, was founded in 1914 He had also painted Charles's sister, Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia in the Hague in 1632. Elisabeth Electress Palatine and Queen of Bohemia (born Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Scotland; 19 August 1596 &ndash 13 February 1662 In April that year, van Dyck returned to London, and was taken under the wing of the court immediately, being knighted in July and at the same time receiving a pension of £200 per year, in the grant of which he was described as principalle Paynter in ordinary to their majesties. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. He was well paid for paintings in addition to this, at least in theory, as King Charles did not actually pay over his pension for five years, and reduced the price of many paintings. He was provided with a house on the river at Blackfriars, then just outside the City and hence avoiding the monopoly of the Painters Guild. Blackfriars is an area of central London, which lies in the south-west corner of the City of London. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. A suite of rooms in Eltham Palace, no longer used by the Royal family, was also provided as a country retreat. Eltham Palace is a large house in Eltham, within the London Borough of Greenwich, South East London, England; it is currently owned by English His Blackfriars studio was frequently visited by the King and Queen (later a special causeway was built to ease their access), who hardly sat for another painter whilst van Dyck lived. ^{[6] [11]}

King Charles I, ca. 1635 Louvre - see text

He was an immediate success in England, rapidly painting a large number of portraits of the King and Queen Henrietta Maria, as well as their children. Henrietta Maria ( 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Princess of France and Queen Consort of England, Scotland Many portraits were done in several versions, to be sent as diplomatic gifts or given to supporters of the increasingly embattled king. Altogether van Dyck has been estimated to have painted forty portraits of King Charles himself, as well as about thirty of the Queen, nine of Earl of Strafford and multiple ones of other courtiers. Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl of Strafford ( April 13, 1593 &ndash May 12, 1641) was an English statesman and a major figure in ^[12] He painted many of the court, and also himself and his mistress, Margaret Lemon. In England he developed a version of his style which combined a relaxed elegance and ease with an understated authority in his subjects which was to dominate English portrait-painting to the end of the 18th century. Many of these portraits have a lush landscape background. His portraits of Charles on horseback updated the grandeur of Titian's Emperor Charles V, but even more effective and original is his portrait of Charles dismounted in the Louvre: "Charles is given a totally natural look of instinctive sovereignty, in a deliberately informal setting where he strolls so negligently that that he seems at first glance nature's gentleman rather than England's King" ^[13] Although his portraits have created the classic idea of "Cavalier" style and dress, in fact a majority of his most important patrons in the nobility, such as Lord Wharton and the Earls of Bedford, [[Northumberland and Pembroke, took the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil War that broke out soon after his death. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 Philip Wharton 4th Baron Wharton (1613 &ndash February 4, 1696) was an English peer. Francis Russell 4th Earl of Bedford PC (1593 &ndash May 9, 1641) was an English Politician. Algernon Percy 10th Earl of Northumberland ( September 29 (baptized October 13) 1602 &ndash October 13, 1668) was an English military Philip Herbert 4th Earl of Pembroke 1st Earl of Montgomery KG ( October 16, 1584 &ndash January 23, 1649) was an English Courtier " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. ^[14]

Van Dyck became a "denizen", effectively a citizen, in 1638 and married Mary, the daughter of Lord Ruthven and a Lady in waiting to the Queen, in 1639-40; this may have been instigated by the King in an attempt to keep him in England. This article is about Scottish nobility See Lord Ruthven (vampire for the fictional lead character of the 1819 novel The Vampyre. A lady-in-waiting (also called waiting maid) is a female personal assistant at a Noble court, attending to a queen, a Princess or other ^[6] He had spent most of 1634 in Antwerp, returning the following year, and in 1640-41, as the Civil War loomed, spent several months in Flanders and France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He left again in the summer of 1641, but fell seriously ill in Paris and returned hurriedly to London, where he died soon after in his house at Blackfriars. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ^[15] He left a daughter each by his wife and mistress, the first only ten days old. Both were provided for, and both ended up living in Flanders. ^[16]

He was buried in Old St. Paul's Cathedral, where the king erected a monument in his memory:

Anthony returned to England, and shortly afterwards he died in London, piously rendering his spirit to God as a good Catholic, in the year 1641. He was buried in St. Paul's, to the sadness of the king and court and the universal grief of lovers of painting. For all the riches he had acquired, Anthony van Dyck left little property, having spent everything on living magnificently, more like a prince than a painter. ^[17]

Portraits and other works

Samson and Delilah, ca. 1630. A strenuous history painting in the manner of Rubens; the saturated use of color reveals van Dyck's study of Titian. Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian

With the partial exception of Holbein, van Dyck and his exact contemporary Velázquez were the first painters of pre-eminent talent to work mainly as Court portraitists. The slightly younger Rembrandt was also to work mainly as a portraitist for a period. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. In the contemporary theory of the Hierarchy of genres portrait-painting came well below History painting (which covered religious scenes also), and for most major painters portraits were a relatively small part of their output, in terms of the time spent on them (being small, they might be numerous in absolute terms). A hierarchy of genres is any formalization which ranks different types of Genres in an art-form in terms of their value History painting, as formulated in 1667 by André Félibien, a historiographer architect and theoretician of French Classicism, was in the Hierarchy Rubens for example mostly painted portraits only of his immediate circle, but though he worked for most of the courts of Europe, he avoided exclusive attachment to any of them.

A variety of factors meant that in the 17th century demand for portraits was stronger than for other types of work. Van Dyck tried to persuade Charles to commission him to do a large-scale series of works on the history of the Order of the Garter for the Banqueting House, Whitehall, for which Rubens had earlier done the huge ceiling paintings (sending them from Antwerp). The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Banqueting House is the only remaining component of Whitehall Palace, and is found at the Trafalgar Square end of Whitehall, London.

Henrietta Maria and the dwarf, Sir Jeffrey Hudson, 1633

A sketch for one wall remains, but by 1638 Charles was too short of money to proceed. Henrietta Maria ( 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Princess of France and Queen Consort of England, Scotland DWARF is a widely used standardized Debugging data format. DWARF was originally designed along with ELF, although it is independent of Object file Jeffrey Hudson (1619&ndash1682 was a dwarf who belonged to the court of Queen Henrietta Maria of England in the years before King Charles I ^[6] This was a problem Velázquez did not have, but equally van Dyck's daily life was not encumbered by trivial court duties as Velázquez's was. In his visits to Paris in his last years van Dyck tried to obtain the commission to paint the Grande Gallerie of the Louvre without success. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France ^[18]

A list of history paintings produced by van Dyck in England survives, by Bellori, based on information by Sir Kenelm Digby; none of these still appear to survive, although the Eros and Psyche done for the King (below) does. Sir Kenelm Digby ( July 11 1603 &ndash June 11 1665) was born at Gayhurst, Buckinghamshire, England. ^[6] But many other works, rather more religious than mythological, do survive, and though they are very fine, they do not reach the heights of Velázquez's history paintings. Earlier ones remain very much within the style of Rubens, although some of his Sicilian works are interestingly individual.

Van Dyck's portraits certainly flattered more than Velázquez's; when Sophia, later Electoress of Hanover, first met Queen Henrietta Maria, in exile in Holland in 1641, she wrote: "Van Dyck's handsome portraits had given me so fine an idea of the beauty of all English ladies, that I was surprised to find that the Queen, who looked so fine in painting, was a small woman raised up on her chair, with long skinny arms and teeth like defence works projecting from her mouth. . . " ^[6] Some critics have blamed van Dyck for diverting a nascent tougher English portrait tradition, of painters such as William Dobson, Robert Walker and Issac Fuller into what certainly became elegant blandness in the hands of many of van Dyck's successors, like Lely or Kneller. William Dobson ( March 4 1610 – October 28 1646) was a Portraitist and one of the first notable English painters Robert Walker (1599 - 1658 was a portrait painter associated with 57 paintings in the collection of the U Sir Peter Lely ( 14 September, 1618 - 30 November, 1680) was a painter of Dutch origin Sir Godfrey Kneller 1st Baronet ( 8 August 1646 &ndash 19 October 1723) was the leading Portrait painter in England during ^[6] The conventional view has always been more favourable: "When Van Dyck came hither he brought Face-Painting to us; ever since which time … England has excel'd all the World in that great Branch of the Art’ (Jonathan Richardson: An Essay on the Theory of Painting, 1715, 41). Thomas Gainsborough is reported to have said on his deathbed "We are all going to heaven, and Van Dyck is of the Company. "^[19]

A fairly small number of landscape pen and wash drawings or watercolours made in England played an important part in introducing the Flemish watercolour landscape tradition to England. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting Watercolor ( US) or Watercolour ( UK) (and "aquarelle" in French is a Painting method Some are studies, which reappear in the background of paintings, but many are signed and dated and were probably regarded as finished works to be given as presents. Several of the most detailed are of Rye, a port for ships to the Continent, suggesting that van Dyck did them casually whilst waiting for wind or tide to improve. The small town of Rye, in East Sussex, England, stands at the confluence of two rivers although in medieval times as an important member of the Cinque Ports ^[20]

Printmaking

Probably during his period in Antwerp after his return from Italy, van Dyck began his Iconography, eventually a very large series of prints with half-length portraits of eminent contemporaries. An old master print is a work of art produced by a Printing process within the Western tradition (European or New World Van Dyck produced drawings, and for eighteen of the portraits he himself etched with great brilliance the heads and the main outlines of the figure, for an engraver to work up: "Portrait etching had scarcely had an existence before his time, and in his work it suddenly appears at the highest point ever reached in the art" ^[21]

Pieter Brueghel the Younger from the Iconography; etching by Van Dyck (only)

However for most of the series he left the whole printmaking work to specialists, who mostly engraved everything after his drawings. For other uses of etch or etching, see Etching (disambiguation, for the history of the method see Old master prints. Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564 or 1565 &ndash 1636 was a Flemish painter, known for numerous copies after his father Pieter Brueghel the Elder's paintings Printmaking is the Process of making artworks by Printing, normally on Paper. His own etched plates appear not to have been published commercially until after his death, and early states are very rare. ^[22] Most of his plates were printed after only his work had been done; some exist in further states after engraving had been added, sometimes obscuring his etching. A state, in Printmaking, is a different form of a print caused by a deliberate and permanent change to a matrix such as a copper plate (for Engravings etc or woodblock He continued to add to the series until at least his departure for England, and presumably added Inigo Jones whilst in London. Iñigo Jones ( July 15, 1573 &ndash June 21, 1652) is regarded as the first significant British architect, and the first to bring

The series was a great success, but was his only venture into printmaking; portraiture probably paid better, and he was constantly in demand. At his death there were eighty plates by others, of which fifty-two were of artists, as well as his own eighteen. The plates were bought by a publisher; with the plates reworked periodically as they wore out they continued to be printed for centuries, and the series added to, so that it reached over two hundred portraits by the late 18th century. In 1851 the plates were bought by the Calcographie du Louvre. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France ^[23]

The Iconography was highly influential as a commercial model for reproductive printmaking; now forgotten series of portrait prints were enormously popular until the advent of photography:"the importance of this series was enormous, and it provided a repertory of images that were plundered by portrait painters throughout Europe over the next couple of centuries. Photography (fә'tɒgrәfi or fә'tɑːgrәfi (from Greek φωτο and γραφία is the process and Art of recording pictures by means of capturing "^[24] Van Dyck's brilliant etching style, which depended on open lines and dots, was in marked contrast to that of the other great portraitist in prints of period, Rembrandt, and had little influence until the 19th century, when it had a great influence on artists such as Whistler in the last major phase of portrait etching. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. ^[21] Hyatt Mayor wrote: "Etchers have studied Van Dyck ever since, for they can hope to approximate his brilliant directness, whereas nobody can hope to approach the complexity of Rembrandt's portraits"^[25]

Studio

This triple portrait of King Charles I was sent to Rome for Bernini to model a bust on

His great success compelled van Dyck to maintain a large workshop in London, a studio which was to become "virtually a production line for portraits". "Bernini" redirects here For people named Bernini see Bernini (surname. According to a visitor to his studio he usually only made a drawing on paper, which was then enlarged onto canvas by an assistant; he then painted the head himself. The clothes were left at the studio and often sent out to specialists. ^[26] In his last years these studio collaborations accounted for some decline in the quality of work. ^[27] In addition many copies untouched by him, or virtually so, were produced by the workshop, as well as by professional copyists and later painters; the number of paintings ascribed to him had by the 19th century become huge, as with Rembrandt, Titian and others. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian However most of his assistants and copyists could not approach the refinement of his manner, so compared to many masters consensus among art historians on attributions to him is usually relatively easy to reach, and museum labelling is now mostly updated (country house attributions may be more dubious in some cases). Art history is the Academic study of objects of Art in their Historical development and stylistic contexts i The English country house is generally accepted as a large House or Mansion, once in the ownership of an individual who also usually owned another Great The relatively few names of his assistants that are known are Dutch or Flemish; he probably preferred to use trained Flemings, as no English equivalent training yet existed. ^[6] Adriaen Hanneman (1604-71) returned to his native Hague in 1638 to become the leading portraitist there. Adriaen Hanneman (c 1603 The Hague - buried 11 July 1671, The Hague was a seventeenth-century Dutch painter best-known for his portraits of ^[28] Van Dyck's enormous influence of English art does not come from a tradition handed down through his pupils; in fact it is not possible to document a connection to his studio for any English painter of any significance. ^[6]

Other uses of van Dyke

• Van Dyck painted many portraits of men, notably Charles I and himself, with the short, pointed beards then in fashion; consequently this particular kind of beard was much later (probably first in America in the 19th century) named a vandyke (which is the anglicized version of his name).

• During the reign of George III, a generic "Cavalier" fancy-dress costume called a Van Dyke was popular; Gainsborough's 'Blue Boy' is wearing such a Van Dyke outfit. George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places Thomas Gainsborough (christened 14 May 1727 &ndash died 2 August 1788 was one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of 18th century Britain.
• The oil paint pigment van Dyck brown is named after him [1], and Van dyke brown is an early photographic printing process using the same colour. Van Dyke Brown is an early photographic printing process The process was so named due to the similarity of the print color to that of a brown oil paint named for Flemish painter Van
• See also several people and places under Van Dyke, the more common form in English of the same original name.

Collections

Most major museum collections include at least one Van Dyck, but easily the most outstanding collection is the Royal Collection, which still contains many of his paintings of the Royal Family. The National Gallery, London (fourteen works), The National Gallery of Art in Washington DC and the Frick Collection have splendid examples of all phases of his portrait style. This article is about the National Gallery of the United States for other National Galleries see National Gallery. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Frick Collection is an art museum located in Manhattan, New York City, United States.

Gallery

"Self Portrait", ca. 1621 Alte Pinakothek	Elena Grimaldi, Genoa 1623	Marie-Louise de Tassis, Antwerp 1630	Queen Henrietta Maria, London 1632
Charles I with M. The Alte Pinakothek (Old Pinakothek is an Art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany. Henrietta Maria ( 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Princess of France and Queen Consort of England, Scotland de St Antoine (1633)	James Stuart, Duke of Richmond, ca. 1637	Amor and Psyche, 1638	George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol, ca. 1638–9

References

See also

• List of Belgian painters
• Antwerp school