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For others known as Saint Anthony, see Saint Anthony (disambiguation).
Saint Anthony the Great
Father of Christian Monasticism
Venerable and God-bearing Father
Born ca. 251, Herakleopolis Magna, Egypt
Died 356, Mount Colzim, Egypt
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Churches,Eastern Catholic Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches
Major shrine Monastery of Anthony, Egypt

Vienna, Austria
His body was at Saint-Antoine l'Abbaye, Isère, France
Feast January 17 (Western Christianity and Eastern Orthodoxy)
January 30 = Tobi 22 (Coptic Church)
Attributes bell; pig (in the West); book; crutch; hermit; Saint Anthony's cross; tau cross with a bell on the end. Events By Place Roman Empire July 1 — In the Battle of Abrittus, the Goths defeat the Romans emperors Decius Herakleopolis Magna is the Greek name of the capital of the Twentieth nome (administrative division of Ancient Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Events By Place Roman Empire February 8 — Roman authorities make an attempt to arrest Athanasius on the accusation of supporting This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only three Ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Isère ( Arpitan: Isera, Occitan: Isèra) is a department, in the Rhône-Alpes ( Rôno-Arpes in Arpitan The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Western Christianity is a term used to cover the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, the Churches of the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Church The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Tobi also known as Touba is the fifth month of the Coptic calendar. History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the Christianity has used symbols from its very beginnings Each Saint has a story and a reason why he or she led an exemplary life The Cross of Tau; also called the Tau Cross, St Anthony's Cross, the Old Testament Cross, the Anticipatory Cross, the Cross Commissee Iconographically, Anthony is depicted in a monastic habit with a long white beard. An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. A religious habit is a distinctive set of garments worn by members of a Religious order. Sometimes he holds an abbot's crozier or a scroll
Patronage against pestilence; amputees; animals; basket makers; basket weavers; brushmakers; Burgio, Sicily; butchers; Canas, Brazil; cemetery workers; domestic animals; eczema; epilepsy; epileptics; ergotism; erysipelas; gravediggers; graveyards; hermits; hogs; Hospitallers; monks; Mook, Nederlands; pigs; relief from pestilence; shingles (Saint Anthony's fire); skin diseases; skin rashes; swine; swineherds [1]
Saints Portal

Saint Anthony the Great (c 251–356), also known as Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius, and Father of All Monks, was an Egyptian Christian saint and the prominent leader among the Desert Fathers. The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity. A crosier ( crozier, pastoral staff, paterissa, pósokh) is the stylized staff of office ( Pastoral staff) carried by high-ranking A scroll is a roll of Papyrus, Parchment, or Paper which has been written drawn or painted upon for the purpose of transmitting information or using as The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Herpes zoster (or simply zoster) commonly known as shingles, is a Viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with Blisters in a limited Events By Place Roman Empire July 1 — In the Battle of Abrittus, the Goths defeat the Romans emperors Decius Events By Place Roman Empire February 8 — Roman authorities make an attempt to arrest Athanasius on the accusation of supporting This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Desert Fathers were Christian Hermits, Ascetics and Monks who lived mainly in the Scetes desert of Egypt, beginning around Anthony lived in Alexandria for much of his life. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια He is celebrated in many churches on his Feast Days: January 17 in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Western church, and the Month of Tobi 22, (January 30) in the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Catholic Church, which are historically associated with Saint Anthony. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Tobi also known as Touba is the fifth month of the Coptic calendar. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the The Coptic Catholic Church is an Alexandrian Rite Sui juris Particular Church in Full communion with the Pope of Rome rather

Anthony is appealed to against infectious diseases, in particular herpes zoster, hence shingles are known as "Anthony's fire" in Italy and Malta. Herpes zoster (or simply zoster) commonly known as shingles, is a Viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with Blisters in a limited Herpes zoster (or simply zoster) commonly known as shingles, is a Viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with Blisters in a limited Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands The biography of Anthony's life by Athanasius of Alexandria helped to spread the concept of monasticism, particularly in Western Europe through Latin translations. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation

Contents

Life

Most of what is known about the life of St Anthony comes from the Life of Anthony, written in Greek around 360 by Athanasius of Alexandria. Sometime before 374, it was translated into Latin by Evagrius of Antioch. The Latin translation helped the Life become one of the best known works of literature in the Christian world, a status it would hold through the Middle Ages. [2] In addition to the Life, several surviving homilies and epistles of varying authenticity provide some additional autobiographical detail.

Anthony was born in Coma near Herakleopolis Magna in Lower Egypt in 251 to wealthy landowner parents. Herakleopolis Magna is the Greek name of the capital of the Twentieth nome (administrative division of Ancient Egypt. Lower Egypt is the northern-most section of Egypt. It refers to the fertile Nile Delta region which stretches from the area between El-Aiyat and Zawyet When he was about 18 years old, his parents died and left him with the care of his unmarried sister. In 285, at the age of 34, he decided to follow the words of Jesus, who had said: "If you want to be perfect, go, sell what you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasures in heaven; and come, follow Me. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) "[3] Taking these words quite literally, Anthony gave away some of the family estate to his neighbours, sold the remaining property, donated the funds thus raised to the poor, placed his sister with a group of Christian virgins,[4] a sort of proto-nunnery at the time, and himself became the disciple of a local hermit. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth [5]

The appellation "Father of Monasticism" is misleading, as Christian monasticism was already being practiced in the deserts of Egypt. Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Ascetics commonly retired to isolated locations on the outskirts of cities. Ascetic redirects here You might also be looking for Acetic acid. Anthony is notable for being one of the first ascetics to attempt living in the desert proper, completely cut off from civilization. His anchoritic lifestyle was remarkably harsher than his predecessors. By the 2nd century there were also famous Christian ascetics, such as Saint Thecla. The Acts of Paul and Thecla ( Acta Pauli et Theclae) is an apocryphal story of St Paul 's influence on a young virgin named Thecla. Saint Anthony decided to follow this tradition and headed out into the alkaline desert region called the Nitra in Latin (Wadi El Natrun today), about 95 km west of Alexandria, some of the most rugged terrain of the Western Desert. Wadi El Natrun (" Natron Valley" is located in Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Wadi El Natrun (" Natron Valley" is located in Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The Western Desert is a Desert region encompassing 600000km² of land to the west of the Nile in Egypt and Libya. Here he remained for some thirteen years. [5]

Also note that the Therapeutae, pagan ascetic hermits and loosely organized cenobitic communities described by the Hellenized Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria in the first century, were long established in the harsh environments by the Lake Mareotis close to Alexandria, and in other less-accessible regions. The Therapeutae (male pl and Therapeutrides (female pl according to the account in De vita contemplativa by the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria Philo (20 BC - 50 AD) known also as Philo of Alexandria (gr Φίλων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς Philo Judaeus, Philo Judaeus of Alexandria Lake Mariout (بحيرة مريوط (also spelled Maryut or Mariut) is a salt lake, or rather Brackish, with an area of about 250 square km Philo understood that for "this class of persons may be met with in many places, for both Greece and barbarian countries want to enjoy whatever is perfectly good. "[6]

According to Athanasius, the devil fought St Anthony by afflicting him with boredom, laziness, and the phantoms of women, which he overcame by the power of prayer, providing a theme for Christian art. Christian art is Art produced in an attempt to illustrate supplement and portray in tangible form the principles of Christianity. After that, he moved to a tomb, where he resided and closed the door on himself, depending on some local villagers who brought him food. When the devil perceived his ascetic life and his intense worship, he was envious and beat him mercilessly, leaving him unconscious. When his friends from the local village came to visit him and found him in this condition, they carried him to a church.

After he recovered, he made a second effort and went back to the desert, further out, to a mountain by the Nile, called Pispir, now Der el Memun, opposite Crocodilopolis. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River Crocodilopolis or Krokodilopolis ( Greek:) or Ptolemais Euergetis or Arsinoe (Greek) was an ancient city in the Heptanomis, There he lived strictly enclosed in an old abandoned Roman fort for some twenty years. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC [5] According to Athanasius, the devil again resumed his war against Saint Anthony, only this time the phantoms were in the form of wild beasts, wolves, lions, snakes and scorpions. They appeared as if they were about to attack him or cut him into pieces. But the saint would laugh at them scornfully and say, "If any of you have any authority over me, only one would have been sufficient to fight me. " At his saying this, they disappeared as though in smoke, and God gave him the victory over the devil. While in the fort he only communicated with the outside world by a crevice through which food would be passed and he would say a few words. Saint Anthony would prepare a quantity of bread that would sustain him for six months. He did not allow anyone to enter his cell: whoever came to him, stood outside and listened to his advice.

The former main altar of the hermitage church in Warfhuizen in the Netherlands with a mural of Anthony Abbot and a reliquary with some of his relics. Since then they have been moved to a new golden shrine on a side-altar especially made for them.
The former main altar of the hermitage church in Warfhuizen in the Netherlands with a mural of Anthony Abbot and a reliquary with some of his relics. Warfhuizen ( Gronings: Waarfhoezen) is a village in Groningen, a Province in the extreme North of The Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands A reliquary (also referred to as a Shrine or by the French term Chasse) is a container for Relics These may be the physical A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial Since then they have been moved to a new golden shrine on a side-altar especially made for them.

Then one day he emerged from the fort with the help of villagers to break down the door. By this time most had expected him to have wasted away, or gone insane in his solitary confinement, but he emerged healthy, serene, and enlightened. Everyone was amazed that he had been through these trials and emerged spiritually rejuvenated. He was hailed as a hero and from this time forth the legend of Anthony began to spread and grow.

Anthony went to the Fayyum and confirmed the brethren there in the Christian faith, then returned to his old Roman fort. Faiyum ( Arabic: الفيوم Coptic:) is a city in Middle Egypt and the capital of the Faiyum Governorate. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth In 311, Anthony wished to become a martyr and went to Alexandria. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια He visited those who were imprisoned for the sake of Christ and comforted them. Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " When the Governor saw that he was confessing his Christianity publicly, not caring what might happen to him, he ordered him not to show up in the city. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings However, the Saint did not heed his threats. He faced him and argued with him in order that he might arouse his anger so that he might be tortured and martyred, but it did not happen.

He left Alexandria to return to the old Roman fort upon the end of the persecutions. Here, many came to visit him and to hear his teachings. He saw that these visits kept him away from his worship. As a result, he went further into the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The Eastern Desert refers to the desert east of the river Nile, between the Nile and the Red Sea. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. He travelled to the inner wilderness for three days, until he found a spring of water and some palm trees, and then he chose to settle there. On this spot now stands the monastery of Saint Anthony the Great. There, he anticipated the rule of Benedict of Nursia, "pray and work", by engaging himself and his disciple or disciples in manual labor. "Saint Benedict" redirects here This article is about the founder of Western monasticism for other saints named Benedict see Benedict. Anthony himself cultivated a garden and weaved mats of rushes. Juncus is a genus in the plant family Juncaceae. It consists of 225 to 300 species of grassy plants commonly called rushes. He and his disciples were regularly sought out for words of enlightenment. These statements were later collected into the book of Sayings of the Desert Fathers. Anthony himself is said to have spoken to those of a spiritual disposition personally, leaving the task of addressing the more worldly visitors to Macarius. On occasions, he would go to the monastery on the outskirts of the desert by the Nile to visit the brethren, then return to his inner monastery. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism.

The backstory of one of the surviving epistles, directed to Constantine I recounts how the fame of Saint Anthony spread abroad and reached Emperor Constantine. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine The Emperor wrote to him, offering him praise and asked him to pray for him. The brethren were pleased with the Emperor's letter, but Anthony did not pay any attention to it, and he said to them, "The books of God, the King of Kings and the Lord of Lords, commands us everyday, but we do not heed what they tell us, and we turn our backs on them. " Under the persistence of the brethren who told him, "Emperor Constantine loves the church," he accepted to write him a letter blessing him, and praying for the peace and safety of the empire and the church.

Painting of Saint Anthony by Piero di Cosimo ca. 1480
Painting of Saint Anthony by Piero di Cosimo ca. Piero di Cosimo (also known as Piero di Lorenzo) ( January 2, 1462 &ndash April 12, 1522) was an Florentine painter 1480

According to Athanasius, Saint Anthony heard a voice telling him, "Go out and see. " He went out and saw an angel who wore a girdle with a cross, one resembling the holy Eskiem (Tonsure or Schema), and on his head was a head cover (Kolansowa). Tonsure is the practice of some Christian churches mystics Buddhist novices and Monks and some Hindu temples of cutting the Hair from the He was sitting while braiding palm leaves, then he stood up to pray, and again he sat to weave. A voice came to him saying, "Anthony, do this and you will rest. " Henceforth, he started to wear this tunic that he saw, and began to weave palm leaves, and never got bored again. Saint Anthony prophesied about the persecution that was about to happen to the church and the control of the heretics over it, the church victory and its return to its formal glory, and the end of the age. When Saint Macarius visited Saint Anthony, Saint Anthony clothed him with the monk's garb, and foretold him what would be of him. When the day drew near of the departure of Saint Paul the First Hermit in the desert, Saint Anthony went to him and buried him, after clothing him in a tunic which was a present from St Athanasius the Apostolic, the 20th Patriarch of Alexandria. Saint Paul of Thebes, commonly known as Saint Paul the First Hermit or Paul the Anchorite (d The bishop or Patriarch of Alexandria ( Egypt) is the highest-ranking bishop of Egypt and exists separately in both the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Byzantine

Final days

In 338, he was summoned by Athanasius of Alexandria to help refute the teachings of Arius. Arius ( AD ca 250 or 256 - 336 was a Christian priest from Alexandria Egypt in the early fourth century whose teachings now called Arianism [5] When Saint Anthony felt that the day of his departure had approached, he commanded his disciples to give his staff to Saint Macarius, and to give one sheepskin cloak to Saint Athanasius and the other sheepskin cloak to Saint Serapion, his disciple. Macarius of Egypt (ca 300-391 was an Egyptian Christian monk and Hermit. Sheepskin is the hide of a sheep, sometimes also called lambskin or lambswool. He further instructed his disciples to bury his body in an unmarked, secret grave, lest his body become an object of veneration. A grave is a place where a dead body (usually a human although sometimes an animal is buried In Christianity, veneration ( Latin veneratio, Greek &delta&omicron&upsilon&lambda&iota&alpha dulia) or veneration of saints He stretched himself on the ground and gave up his spirit. Saint Anthony the Great lived for 105 years and departed on the year 356.

He probably spoke only his native language, Coptic, but his sayings were spread in a Greek translation. Coptic or Coptic Egyptian ( MetRemenkīmi) is the final stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly He himself left no writings. His biography was written by Saint Athanasius and titled Life of Saint Anthony the Great. Many stories are also told abodad gave meut him in various collections of sayings of the Desert Fathers. Desert Fathers were Christian Hermits, Ascetics and Monks who lived mainly in the Scetes desert of Egypt, beginning around

Founder of monasticism

Saint Anthony and Saint Paul the Hermit are seen as the founders of Christian monasticism. Saint Paul of Thebes, commonly known as Saint Paul the First Hermit or Paul the Anchorite (d Those living the monastic life are known by the generic terms Monks (men and Nuns (women Saint Paul the Hermit is lauded by Saint Anthony as the first hermit. The monastery of Saint Paul the Hermit exists to this day in Egypt. Saint Cax himself provided the example that others would follow (see Saint Pachomius). Saint Pachomius (ca 292-348 also known as Abba Pachomius and Pakhom in Arabic الأنبا باخوميوس, is generally recognized as the founder of Anthony himself did not organize or create a monastery, but a community grew up around him based on his example of living an ascetic and isolated life. Those who wished to follow him needed the company of others to survive the harsh conditions. The biography of Anthony by Athanasius itself is considered to have done more to help propagate the ideals of the primitive monastic lifestyle than any other book. In the book itself, Athanasius says, "For monks, the life of Anthony is a sufficient example of ascetism. "[5]

Controversy

It has been argued that the demons and temptations that Anthony is reported to have faced may have been related to Athanasius by some of the simpler pilgrims who had visited him, who may have been conveying what they had been told in a manner more dramatic than it had been conveyed to them. It is possible these events, like the paintings, are full of rich metaphor or in the case of the animals of the desert, perhaps a vision or dream. Some of the stories included in Saint Anthony's biography are perpetuated now mostly in paintings, where they give an opportunity for artists to depict their more lurid or bizarre interpretations. Many pictorial artists, from Hieronymus Bosch to Salvador Dalí, have depicted these incidents from the life of Anthony; in prose, the tale was retold and embellished by Gustave Flaubert. Hieronymus Bosch ( Dutch, born Jeroen Anthonissen van Aken c 1450 &ndash August 9, 1516) was an Early Netherlandish Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Gustave Flaubert (gystaːv flobɛːʁ in French ( December 12, 1821 &ndash May 8, 1880) was a French writer who is counted among Emphasis on these stories, however, did not really begin until the Middle Ages, when the psychology of the individual became a greater interest. [5]

Veneration

Pilgrimage banners from the shrine in Warfhuizen
Pilgrimage banners from the shrine in Warfhuizen

He was secretly buried on the mountain-top where he had chosen to live. Warfhuizen ( Gronings: Waarfhoezen) is a village in Groningen, a Province in the extreme North of The Netherlands. His remains were reportedly discovered in 361, and transferred to Alexandria. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Some time later, they were taken from Alexandria to Constantinople, so that they might escape the destruction being perpetrated by invading Saracens. Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. Later, in the eleventh century, the emperor gave them to the French count Jocelin. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin Jocelin had them transferred to La-Motte-Saint-Didier, which was then renamed Saint-Antoine-en-Dauphiné. Saint-Antoine-l'Abbaye, also Saint-Antoine-en-Viennois, is a town and commune in the Isère département, in France. [5] There, Anthony is credited with assisting in a number of miraculous healings, primarily from ergotism, which became known as "St. Anthony's Fire". Ergotism is the effect of long-term Ergot Poisoning traditionally due to the Ingestion of the Alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea He was credited by two local noblemen of assisting them in recovery from the disease. They then founded the Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony in honour of him. The Hospital Brothers of St Anthony or Canons Regular of St Anthony of Vienne ( Canonici Regulares Sancti Antonii, or CRSAnt also Antonines, were a [5] Veneration of Anthony in the East is more restrained. There are comparatively few icons and paintings of him. He is regarded as the "first master of the desert and the pinnacle of holy monks", however, and there are monastic communities of the Maronite, Chaldean, and Orthodox churches which state that they follow his monastic rule. [5] In Brazilian Umbanda, statues of Anthony or Benedict of Nursia are used to disguise the cult of the Preto Velho ("Old Negro"). Basic beliefs and practices The Umbanda creeds and practices are an eclectic mixture from three main sources from Catholicism Umbanda adopted the ideas of "Saint Benedict" redirects here This article is about the founder of Western monasticism for other saints named Benedict see Benedict. During the Middle Ages, Anthony, along with Quirinus of Neuss, Cornelius and Hubertus, was venerated as one of the Four Holy Marshals ('Vier Marschälle Gottes) in the Rhineland. Saint Quirinus of Neuss (Quirin Quirinus sometimes called Quirinus of Rome (which is the name shared by another martyr) is venerated as a Martyr and Saint Hubertus or Hubert (born c 656 to 658 probably in Toulouse; died May 30, 727 or 728 in Tervuren near Brussels The Four Holy Marshals ( Vier Marschälle Gottes or just Vier Marschälle) were four Saints venerated in the Rhineland, especially at Cologne The Rhineland ( Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. [7][8] [9]

Coptic literature

Examples of purely Coptic literature are the works of Saint Anthony and Saint Pachomius, who only spoke Coptic, and the sermons and preachings of Saint Shenouda the Archmandrite, who chose to only write in Coptic. Coptic literature is the body of writings in the Coptic language of Egypt, the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language. Saint Pachomius (ca 292-348 also known as Abba Pachomius and Pakhom in Arabic الأنبا باخوميوس, is generally recognized as the founder of Saint Shenouda the Archimandrite (348-466 was the abbot of the White Monastery in Egypt. Saint Shenouda was a popular leader who only spoke to the Egyptians in Egyptian language (Coptic language), the language of the repressed, not in Greek, the language of the repressive ruler.

The earliest original writings in Coptic language were the letters by Saint Anthony. Coptic or Coptic Egyptian ( MetRemenkīmi) is the final stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt During the 3rd and 4th centuries many ecclesiastics and monks wrote in Coptic. [10]

Prayer

Father, you called Saint Anthony to renounce the world and serve you in the solitude of the desert. By his prayers and example, may we learn to deny ourselves and love you above all things.

We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ sainta06.htm
  2. ^ White, 4. The Monastery of Saint Anthony is a Coptic Orthodox monastery located in an oasis in the Eastern Desert, hidden deep in the Red Sea mountains This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. A hermit (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying " Desert " "uninhabited" hence "desert-dweller" adjective "eremitic" A poustinia (Russian пустынь is a small sparsely furnished cabin or room where one goes to pray and fast alone in the presence Egypt was one of the first countries to know Christianity, with Saint Mark the Evangelist bringing Christianity to the country around 55 AD
  3. ^ Mt 19:21
  4. ^ Athanasius of Alexandria, Life of Antony, 3. In Early Christian Lives, Carolinne White, trans. (London: Penguin Books, 1998), p. 10.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Burns, Paul, ed. Butler's Lives of the Saints:New Full Edition January vol. Collegeville, MN:The Liturgical Press. ISBN 0-8146-2377-8.
  6. ^ Philo,De vita contemplativa
  7. ^ Quirinus von Rom (von Neuss) - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon
  8. ^ marschaelle
  9. ^ Die Kapelle
  10. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica

References

Historical and critical

Texts attributed to St Anthony

External links

An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. Synaxarium, Synaxarion, Synexarium, Synexarion, pl Synaxaria ( Greek: Συναξάριον, from συναγειν
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