 | |
| President of the National Salvation Junta | |
| Order: | 1st |
|---|---|
| Term of Office | April 25, 1974 (with powers of head of state and government) - May 15, 1974 (just with powers of head of government) - May 16, 1974 (just president of the NSJ) - September 30, 1974 |
| Predecessor: | Américo Thomaz (as head of state) Marcello Caetano (as head of government) |
| Successor: | Himself (as President of the Republic) Adelino da Palma Carlos (as Prime Minister) Francisco da Costa Gomes (as President of the NSJ) |
| President of Portugal | |
| Order: | 15th (1st since the Carnation revolution) |
| Term of Office | May 15, 1974 - September 30, 1974 |
| Predecessor: | Américo Thomaz (effective) Himself (interim, as President of the NSJ) |
| Successor: | Francisco da Costa Gomes |
| Date of Birth | April 11, 1910 |
| Place of Birth: | Estremoz |
| Date of Death | August 13, 1996 |
| Place of Death: | Lisbon |
| Wife: | Maria Helena Martin Monteiro de Barros |
| Occupation: | Military officer (Marshal) |
| Political Party: | Independent |
| Religion: | Roman Catholic |
António Sebastião Ribeiro Spínola (generally called de Spínola, though this particular surname never had a particle), GCTE, ComA (pronounced [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ ˈspinulɐ]; April 11, 1910 - August 13, 1996) was a Portuguese soldier and politician. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás, GCC, GOA, GOSE (ɐˈmɛɾiku dɨ ˈdeuʃ ʁuˈdɾigɨʃ tuˈmaʃ also spelled Américo Thomaz ( Lisbon Marcelo José das Neves Alves Caetano, GCTE, GCC, also spelled Marcello Caetano (mɐɾˈsɛlu kɐiˈtɐnu Lisbon, August 17 Adelino da Palma Carlos, GCC, GCIH, GOL, pron ɐdɨ'linu dɐ 'paɫmɐ 'kaɾluʃ ( Faro, May 3, 1905 &ndash Ancestors has been a Republic since 1910 the Head of state being the President, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ( Presidente da The complete list of Presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 Heads of state in the history of Portugal since the October 5 1910 revolution The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás, GCC, GOA, GOSE (ɐˈmɛɾiku dɨ ˈdeuʃ ʁuˈdɾigɨʃ tuˈmaʃ also spelled Américo Thomaz ( Lisbon Ancestors Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Estremoz ( pron (ɨʃtɾɨmoʃ is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 513 Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches Political parties in Portugal lists political parties in Portugal. The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword of Valour Loyalty and Merit ((previously Real) Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada do Valor Lealdade e Mérito, also The Military Order of Aviz (Ordem Militar de Avis pron ɐ'viʃ previously to 1910 Royal Military Order of Aviz (Real Ordem Militar de Avis previously to 1789 Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.
Spínola entered the Colégio Militar in 1920, beginning what would be a very successful military career. This article is about the military school in Lisbon Portugal For other articles see Colégio Militar (disambiguation. By 1928 he joined Portugal's Military Academy where he stood out as a young and promising cavalry officer. Spinola served in several positions in Portugal's rebellious colonies in Africa. In 1961 Spínola was sent to Angola, and in 1968 Spinola was appointed as the governor of Portuguese Guinea and Chief of the Army Forces there. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Portuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974. In 1973 he was invited to be the Minister of the Colonies, but he refused. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. A year later Spínola became vice Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, but was dismissed after difficulties with the government.
On April 25, 1974, the authoritarian regime in Portugal was overthrown by the Carnation Revolution in which General Spinola did not play an important role. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon However Prime-Minister Marcelo Caetano insisted he would only surrender power to Spínola. Marcelo José das Neves Alves Caetano, GCTE, GCC, also spelled Marcello Caetano (mɐɾˈsɛlu kɐiˈtɐnu Lisbon, August 17 The general negotiated the surrender and seized this opportunity to present himself as the leader of the revolution, subsequently becoming President of the Republic on May 15. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the As a conservative he disliked the leftist direction of the revolution and tried to avoid the independence of the colonies.
Spínola met with Mobutu Sese Seko, the President of Zaire, on September 15, 1974 on Sal island in the Cape Verde, crafting a plan to empower Holden Roberto of the National Liberation Front of Angola, Jonas Savimbi of UNITA, and Daniel Chipenda of the MPLA's eastern faction at MPLA leader Agostinho Neto's expense while retaining the facade of national unity. Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga ( October 14, 1930 September 7, 1997) known commonly as Mobutu, or Mobutu Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Republic of Cape Verde ( Portuguese: Cabo Verde, 'kabu 'veɾdɨ is a Republic located on an Archipelago in the Macaronesia Holden Álvaro Roberto ( January 12, 1923 &ndash August 2, 2007) founded and led the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola is a militant organization that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal Jonas Malheiro Savimbi ( August 3, 1934 &ndash February 22, 2002) led UNITA, an anti-Communist rebel group that fought against The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) is the second-largest Political party in Angola. Daniel Chipenda (died on February 28, 1996) fought in the Angolan War of Independence, serving as the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Partido do Trabalho is an Angolan political party António Agostinho Neto (September 17 1922 &ndash September 10 1979 served as the first President of Angola (1975&ndash1979 leading the Popular Movement for the Liberation Mobutu and Spínola wanted to diminish Neto's standing and present Chipenda as the MPLA head, Mobutu particularly preferring Chipenda to Neto because Chipenda supported autonomy for Cabinda and Neto did not. The Angolan exclave has immense petroleum reserves estimated at around 300 million tons which Zaire, and thus the Mobutu government, depended on for economic survival. [1] He resigned fifteen days later on September 30, 1974, after just 4 months in power, when he realized he would not be able to block the application of the MFA program. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. [2]
Spínola became involved in a right-wing coup attempt in March 11, 1975 and fled the country after its failure. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [3] He was eventually rehabilitated after the November 25, 1975 coup. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1981 Spínola was promoted to the highest rank in the Army, Field Marshal.
References
- ^ Erik P. Hoffmann amd Frederic J. Fleron. The Conduct of Soviet Foreign Policy, 1980. Page 524.
- ^ Nataf, Daniel. Democratization and Social Settlements: The Politics of Change in Contemporary Portugal, 1995. Page 14.
- ^ Yossi Shain and Juan José Linz. Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions, 1995. Page 149.
| Preceded by Américo Thomaz (as President) Marcelo Caetano (as Prime Minister) | President of the National Salvation Junta 1974 | Succeeded by Himself (as President of the Republic) Adelino da Palma Carlos (as Prime Minister) Francisco da Costa Gomes (as President of the NSJ) |
| Preceded by Américo Thomaz (effective) Himself (interim, as President of the NSJ) | President of Portugal 1974 | Succeeded by Francisco da Costa Gomes |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Spínola, António de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ribeiro de Spínola, António Sebastião (full name) |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | President of Portugal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 11, 1910 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Estremoz, Portugal |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 13, 1996 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Lisbon, Portugal |
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