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For other uses, see X Prize (disambiguation).

The Ansari X PRIZE was a space competition in which the X PRIZE Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable manned spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Space prize redirects here For the literature prize see Howard E The X PRIZE Foundation is a non-profit prize institute that designs and manages public competitions for the benefit of humanity The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been A prize is an Award given to a person or a group of people to recognise and reward actions or achievements A human spaceflight is a Spaceflight with a human crew, and possibly passengers Outer space, often simply called space, comprises the relatively empty regions of the Universe outside the escape velocities of Celestial bodies. It was modeled after early 20th-century aviation prizes, and aimed to spur development of low-cost spaceflight. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them The prize was won on October 4, 2004, the 47th anniversary of the Sputnik 1 launch, by the Tier One project designed by Burt Rutan and financed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, using the experimental spaceplane SpaceShipOne. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Sputnik 1 ( "Спутник-1", "Satellite-1" ПС-1 ( PS-1, i Tier One is Scaled Composites ' program of Suborbital Human spaceflight using the reusable spacecraft SpaceShipOne and its launcher A spaceplane is a Rocket plane designed to pass the Edge of space. SpaceShipOne is a Spaceplane that completed the first privately funded Human spaceflight on June 21, 2004. $10 million was awarded to the winner, but more than $100 million was invested in new technologies in pursuit of the prize.

The second X PRIZE, the Archon X PRIZE, was announced in October 2006 by the X PRIZE Foundation. The Archon X PRIZE for Genomics, the second X PRIZE to be offered by the X PRIZE Foundation, based in Santa Monica, California The third X Prize, the Automotive X Prize, was announced shortly thereafter. The Progressive Automotive X PRIZE is a prize from the X PRIZE Foundation to encourage the creation of a new generation of viable Environmentally friendly vehicles The fourth X Prize, the Google Lunar X Prize, was announced in September 2007. The Google Lunar X PRIZE, sometimes referred to as simply Moon 2

Contents

Motivation

The X PRIZE was first proposed by Dr. Peter Diamandis in an address to the NSS International Space Development Conference in 1995. Dr Peter H Diamandis (born 20 May 1961 in Bronx New York) of Greek immigrant parents is considered a key figure in the development of The National Space Society (NSS is an international nonprofit 501(c(3, educational and scientific organization specializing in Space advocacy. The International Space Development Conference (ISDC is the annual conference of the National Space Society (NSS The competition goal was adopted from the SpaceCub project, demonstration of a private vehicle capable of flying a pilot to the edge of space, defined as 100 km altitude. SpaceCub was a design project for a homebuilt rocket Between 1993 and 1994 Geoffrey A This goal was selected to help encourage the space industry in the private sector, which is why the entries were not allowed to have any government funding. In Economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private Profit and is not controlled by the State. It aimed to demonstrate that spaceflight can be affordable and accessible to corporations and civilians, opening the door to commercial spaceflight and space tourism. Spaceflight is the use of Space technology to fly a Spacecraft into and through Outer space. Private spaceflight is flight above Earth Altitude conducted by and paid for by an entity other than a government Space tourism is the recent Phenomenon of tourists paying for flights into space pioneered by Russia It is also hoped that competition will breed innovation, introducing new low-cost methods of reaching Earth orbit, and ultimately pioneering low-cost space travel and unfettered human expansion into the solar system. The term innovation means a new way of doing something It may refer to incremental radical and revolutionary changes in thinking products processes or organisations Spaceflight is the use of Space technology to fly a Spacecraft into and through Outer space. Space colonization (also called space settlement, space humanization, Space habitation, etc The Solar System consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by Gravity. The X PRIZE was modeled after many prizes from the early 20th century that helped prod the development of air flight, including most notably the $25,000 Orteig Prize that spurred Charles Lindbergh to make his solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Flight is the process by which an object achieves sustained movement either through the Air (or movement beyond Earth's atmosphere, in the case of The Orteig Prize was a $25000 reward offered on May 19, 1919, by New York hotel owner Raymond Orteig to the first allied aviator(s to fly non-stop WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout NASA is developing a similar prize program called Centennial Challenges to generate innovative solutions to space technology problems. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The Centennial Challenges are NASA Space competition Prize Contests for non-government-funded technological achievements by American Space technology is Technology that is related to entering space, maintaining and using systems during Spaceflight and returning people and things

Created in May 1996 and initially called just "X PRIZE", it was renamed "Ansari X PRIZE" on May 6, 2004 following a multi-million dollar donation from entrepreneurs Anousheh Ansari and Amir Ansari. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A donation is a gift given typically to a cause or/and for charitable purposes An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Anousheh Ansari (انوشه انصاری born 12 September 1966) is the Iranian-American co-founder and chairman of Prodea Systems, Inc and Amir Ansari is co-founder of venture capital firm Prodea Systems, Inc

Contestants

Twenty-six teams from around the world participated, ranging from volunteer hobbyists to large corporate-backed operations:

This contestant list notably did not include traditional space access companies like Boeing and Lockheed, which many in the industry believe to be incapable of replacing their present space transportation vehicles with low-cost alternatives. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E Lockheed Martin ( is a large multinational Aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology Company formed in 1995 by the merger of Space transport is the use of Spacecraft to Transport people or cargo through Outer space. These critics claim as evidence the companies' several failed attempts to do so, such as the X-33 project, on contract from NASA and other U.S. government agencies. The X-33 was an unmanned sub-scale technology demonstrator for the VentureStar under the Space Launch Initiative. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The United States of America —commonly referred to as the However, the X PRIZE Foundation itself did not ban these companies from applying, so long as they could prove their efforts on this project would be free of government funding.

Competition status

Representatives of the X PRIZE Foundation symbolically presented the ten million dollar prize to Burt Rutan and Paul Allen of Mojave Aerospace Ventures on November 6, 2004. The Ansari X PRIZE trophy is on the left.
Representatives of the X PRIZE Foundation symbolically presented the ten million dollar prize to Burt Rutan and Paul Allen of Mojave Aerospace Ventures on November 6, 2004. Elbert Leander "Burt" Rutan (born June 17, 1943 in Estacada Oregon) is an American aerospace engineer noted for his originality Paul Gardner Allen (born January 21 1953 is an American computer programmer and entrepreneur who co-founded Microsoft with Bill Gates. Mojave Aerospace Ventures ( MAV) is a company founded by Paul Allen and Burt Rutan to handle the commercial spinoffs from the Tier One project Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Ansari X PRIZE trophy is on the left.

The Tier One project made two successful competitive flights, X1 on September 29, 2004 piloted by Mike Melvill and X2 on October 4, 2004 piloted by Brian Binnie. Tier One is Scaled Composites ' program of Suborbital Human spaceflight using the reusable spacecraft SpaceShipOne and its launcher Flight 16P of SpaceShipOne was a Spaceflight in the Tier One program that took place on September 29 2004. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Michael Winston "Mike" Melvill (born November 11, 1940) is one of the Test pilots for SpaceShipOne, the experimental Spaceplane Flight 17P of SpaceShipOne was a Spaceflight in the Tier One program that took place on October 4 2004. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " William Brian Binnie (born 1953 is one of the test pilots for SpaceShipOne, the experimental Spaceplane developed by Scaled Composites. They thus won the prize, which was awarded on November 6, 2004. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " (Note: the winning team is referred to by several names at various times: Tier One, Scaled Composites, and Mojave Aerospace Ventures. Tier One is Scaled Composites ' program of Suborbital Human spaceflight using the reusable spacecraft SpaceShipOne and its launcher Scaled Composites (often abbreviated as Scaled) formerly the Rutan Aircraft Factory, is a company currently owned by Northrop Grumman that is located Mojave Aerospace Ventures ( MAV) is a company founded by Paul Allen and Burt Rutan to handle the commercial spinoffs from the Tier One project )

The trophy is currently on display in the St. Louis Science Center in St.Louis,Missouri. The St Louis Science Center is a Science museum with its facilities in St

Flight attempts by teams that did not win

Although only the Tier One team actually launched a spacecraft into suborbital space, several other teams have conducted low-altitude tests or announced future plans to launch into space:

List of major donors by order of donation

Organization

With the Ansari X PRIZE, the X PRIZE Foundation (based in Santa Monica, CA) established a philanthropic model in which offering a prize for achieving a specific goal stimulates entrepreneurial investment that produces a 10 times or greater return on the prize purse and at least 100 times in follow-on investment and social benefit. Anousheh Ansari (انوشه انصاری born 12 September 1966) is the Iranian-American co-founder and chairman of Prodea Systems, Inc and Amir Ansari is co-founder of venture capital firm Prodea Systems, Inc JPMorgan Chase & Co ( is the largest Banking institution in the United States by deposits and market capitalization and is one of the oldest operating The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Thomas Leo Clancy Jr (born April 12 1947) is an American author best known for his technically detailed espionage and Military science storylines James Smith McDonnell ( April 9, 1899 - August 22, 1980) was an Aviation pioneer and founder of McDonnell Aircraft Corporation McDonnell Douglas was a major American Aerospace manufacturer and Defense contractor, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft The Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company is a privately held St Louis, Missouri -based rental car company serving customers in the U Andrew "Andy" Beal (born 1952 is a Dallas Texas -based businessman The St Louis Science Center is a Science museum with its facilities in St The X PRIZE Foundation is a non-profit prize institute that designs and manages public competitions for the benefit of humanity The Foundation has developed into a non-profit prize institute that conceives, designs and manages public competitions for the benefit of humanity.

Spinoffs

The success of the X PRIZE competition has spurred spinoffs that are set up in the same way. There have been two major spinoffs at this point, the first of which is the M Prize (short for Methuselah Mouse Prize), which is a prize set up by University of Cambridge biogerontologist Aubrey de Grey which will go to the scientific team that successfully extends the life or reverses the aging of mice, which would then eventually be available to humans. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Gerontology (from Greek γερο gero, "old age" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Dr Aubrey David Nicholas Jasper de Grey (born 20 April 1963 in London, England) is a British biomedical gerontologist The second is the NASA Centennial Challenges, which consist of (among others) the Tether Challenge in which teams compete to develop superstrong tethers as a component to space elevators, and the Beam Power Challenge which encourages ideas for transmitting power wirelessly. The Centennial Challenges are NASA Space competition Prize Contests for non-government-funded technological achievements by American Elevator2010 is a competition with monetary prizes similar to the Ansari X Prize, but with the purpose of developing Space elevator and space elevator-related A space elevator is a proposed structure designed to transport Material from a celestial body 's Surface into space. Elevator2010 is a competition with monetary prizes similar to the Ansari X Prize, but with the purpose of developing Space elevator and space elevator-related The X PRIZE foundation itself is developing additional prizes, including one around genomics, and another around energy -- the Automotive X PRIZE. There is also a possible "H-Prize", focused on hydrogen vehicle research, although this goal has already been addressed by H. The Hydrogen Prize is a proposed financial award to encourage research into Hydrogen as an Alternative fuel. A hydrogen vehicle is a Vehicle that uses Hydrogen as its on-board fuel for motive power R. 5143, an X-Prize-inspired bill passed by the House of Representatives.

See also

Related technical topics:

Further reading

  1. "The X PRIZE", an article by Ian Parker on pages 52 – 63 of the 4 October 2004 issue of The New Yorker

References


External links

Archon X PRIZE for Genomics:

The Centennial Challenges are NASA Space competition Prize Contests for non-government-funded technological achievements by American A list of famous Prizes Medals and Awards including cups trophies, Bowls Badges State decorations etc This is a list of Prizes that are named after people'. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Lists of etymologies. America's Space Prize is a US$ 50 million Space competition in Orbital spaceflight established and funded by hotel entrepreneur Robert Bigelow SpaceShipOne is a Spaceplane that completed the first privately funded Human spaceflight on June 21, 2004. Specific impulse (usually abbreviated I sp is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation, or ideal rocket equation is named after Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, who independently derived it and published in his 1903 work considers In Astrodynamics, the term delta-v, literally "change in velocity" (see symbol delta) has a specific meaning it is a Scalar which takes Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry
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