Note: "Anorectic" is also a term for an anorexic person; a person suffering from Anorexia nervosa

Anorectics, anorexigenics or appetite suppressants are substances (dietary supplements or drugs) that reduce the appetite and cause a person to eat less. Anorexia Nervosa is a psychiatric Diagnosis that describes an Eating disorder characterized by low Body weight and Body image distortion A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body

The word "anorectic" comes from the Greek an- = "without" and orexi- = "appetite". Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

Contents 1 Currently marketed appetite suppressant drugs 2 Public health concerns 3 History and initial uses 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Currently marketed appetite suppressant drugs

Numerous pharmaceutical compounds are marketed as appetite suppressants.

The following drugs listed as "centrally acting antiobesity preparations" by ATC:^[1]

• Phentermine (Fastin, Adipex, Ionamin and others)
• Diethylpropion (Tenuate)
• Sibutramine (Meridia, Reductil)
• Rimonabant (Acomplia)

The following are listed as appetite depressants by MeSH. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Phentermine, a contraction for " '''phen'''yl - '''ter'''tiary-butyl[[amine a' mine' ]]" is an Appetite suppressant of the Amphetamine Diethylcathinone (also called Diethylpropion and Amfepramone) is a Sympathomimetic Stimulant drug marketed as an appetite Sibutramine (trade name Meridia in the US and Canada Reductil in Europe and most other countries usually as sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate is an orally Rimonabant (also known as SR141716, Acomplia, Bethin, Monaslim, Remonabent, Riobant, Slimona, Rimoslim Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books ^[2]

• benfluorex
• butenolide
• diethylpropion
• FG 7142
• norpseudoephedrine
• phenmetrazine
• phentermine
• phenylpropanolamine
• pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine
• sibutramine

Other compounds marked as appetite suppressants include:

• Phendimetrazine (Prelu-2, Bontril)
• Benzphetamine (Didrex)
• Oxyntomodulin
• Methylphenidate (Concerta) (Ritalin)
• Phenylethylamine (Trimspa)

Public health concerns

Epidemics of fatal pulmonary hypertension and heart valve damage associated with pharmaceutical anorectic agents have led to the withdrawal of products from the market. Benfluorex is an Anorectic and Hypolipidemic agent. Clinical studies have shown it may improve Glycemic control and decrease Insulin resistance Butenolides are a class of Lactones with a four- Carbon heterocyclic ring structure Diethylcathinone (also called Diethylpropion and Amfepramone) is a Sympathomimetic Stimulant drug marketed as an appetite FG 7142 is an Anorectic. It is also an a partial Inverse agonist of the Benzodiazepine receptor. Cathine (D- norpseudoephedrine) is a Monoamine Alkaloid found in the Shrub Catha edulis (khat Phenmetrazine is a Stimulant of the central nervous system It was previously sold under the trade name Preludin as an Anorectic. Phentermine, a contraction for " '''phen'''yl - '''ter'''tiary-butyl[[amine a' mine' ]]" is an Appetite suppressant of the Amphetamine Phenylpropanolamine (PPA is a drug ingredient of the Phenethylamine family used as a Decongestant in prescription and nonprescription (over the counter Pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine is an Anorectic. Sibutramine (trade name Meridia in the US and Canada Reductil in Europe and most other countries usually as sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate is an orally Benzphetamine (brand name Didrex) is an anti-obesity drug marketed under this brand in the USA by Pharmacia. Oxyntomodulin is a naturally occurring 37 amino acid peptide Hormone found in the colon, produced by the Oxyntic ( Fundic) cells of the oxyntic Phenethylamine, or β -phenylethylamine or 2-phenylethylamine is an Alkaloid and Monoamine. In Epidemiology, an epidemic (from Greek epi- upon + demos people is a classification of a disease that appears as new cases in a In Medicine, pulmonary hypertension (PH is an increase in blood pressure in the Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries together known In Anatomy, the heart valves are Valves in the Heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood by opening and closing depending on the difference This was the case with aminorex in the 1960s, and again in the 1990s with fenfluramine (see: Fen-phen). Aminorex is an Anorectic Stimulant Drug of the 2- Amino -5- Aryl Oxazoline class Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen/Phen anti- Obesity medication (the other drug being Phentermine) Fen-phen was an anti- Obesity medication (an Anorectic) which consisted of two drugs: Fenfluramine and Phentermine. ^[3] Likewise, association of the related appetite suppressant phenylpropanolamine with hemorrhagic stroke led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to request its withdrawal from the market in the United States in 2000, and similar concerns regarding ephedrine resulted in an FDA ban on its inclusion in dietary supplements, in 2004 (a Federal judge later overturned this ban in 2005 during a challenge by supplement maker Nutraceuticals. Phenylpropanolamine (PPA is a drug ingredient of the Phenethylamine family used as a Decongestant in prescription and nonprescription (over the counter Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging / haemorrhaging (see American and British spelling differences) is the loss of Blood from A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ephedrine (EPH is a Sympathomimetic Amine commonly used as a Stimulant, appetite suppressant concentration aid Decongestant, and to treat ). It is also debatable as to whether the ephedrine ban had more to do with its use as a precursor in methamphetamine manufacture rather than legitimate health concerns. In Chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in the Chemical reaction that produces another compound

History and initial uses

Used on a short term basis clinically to treat obesity, some appetite suppressants are also available over the counter. Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected Over-the-counter (OTC drugs are medicines that may be sold without a prescription, in contrast to Prescription drugs The name "over-the-counter" Drugs of this class are frequently stimulants of the phenethylamine family, related to amphetamine (speed). Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease Stimulant drugs are Drugs that temporarily increase alertness and awareness Phenethylamine, or β -phenylethylamine or 2-phenylethylamine is an Alkaloid and Monoamine. Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine

The German military experimented with issuing amphetamines to soldiers in 1945, when food supplies were very short in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Following the Second World War, amphetamines were re-directed for use on the civilian market. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Indeed, amphetamine itself was sold commercially as an appetite suppressant until it was outlawed in most parts of the world in the late 1950s due to increased recreational use. Many amphetamines produce side effects including addiction, tachycardia and hypertension, ^[4]making prolonged unsupervised use dangerous. Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine The term " addiction " is used in many contexts to describe an obsession compulsion or excessive Physical dependence or psychological dependence such as Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated

Many people who obtain these drugs are more interested in the amphetamine-like stimulant effects than weight loss. In those cases, it is important to make sure to keep forcing oneself to eat even when it is undesirable.

See also

• Amphetamine
• Aminorex
• Appetite
• Cocaine
• Ephedrine
• Fen-phen
• Hunger
• Obesity
• Phenethylamine
• Stimulant

References

External links

• Questions and Answers about appetite suppressant medication treatment from the Medical College of Wisconsin
• MeSH Anorectics

Medical College of Wisconsin is a Medical school located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books

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