Anita Faye Hill (born July 30, 1956) is a professor of social policy, law, and women's studies at Brandeis University at the Heller School for Social Policy and Management and a former colleague of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brandeis University is a private research University with a Liberal arts focus located in Waltham Massachusetts, United States. The Heller School for Social Policy and Management is one of the three graduate schools of Brandeis University. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United She is best known for testifying under oath at Thomas' 1991 Senate confirmation hearings that Thomas had made provocative sexual statements to her while her supervisor. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives
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Early career
Anita F. Hill was born in Lone Tree, Oklahoma, Hill received her undergraduate degree from Oklahoma State University in 1977 and her Juris Doctor degree from Yale Law School in 1980. Lone Tree Oklahoma is a rural community in eastern Okmulgee County, about six miles east of Morris Oklahoma; was named for a "lone tree" sitting on the Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut.
A professor of social policy, law, and women's studies, Hill was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar in 1980. Social policy relates to guidelines for the changing maintenance or creation of living conditions that are conducive to human welfare. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Hill began her law career as an associate with the Washington, D.C., firm of Wald, Harkrader & Ross. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D In 1981 she served as counsel to the assistant secretary of the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights. From 1982 to 1983, she moved on to serve as assistant to the chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Clarence Thomas (see below). The US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC is a federal agency charged with ending employment discrimination Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Hill became a professor at Oral Roberts University, where she actively taught from 1983 to 1986. Oral Roberts University or ORU, based in Tulsa Oklahoma, is a charismatic Christian Liberal arts University with an enrollment In 1986, she joined the faculty at the University of Oklahoma College of Law. [1]
Clarence Thomas controversy
In 1981, Hill became an attorney-adviser to Clarence Thomas at the U.S. Department of Education (ED). On July 1, 1991 President George HW Bush nominated Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States of America to replace Thurgood The United States Department of Education (also referred to as ED, for Education Department is a Cabinet -level department of the United States When Thomas became Chairman of the U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Hill went to the EEOC with Thomas and his then-secretary, Diane Holt, to serve as his special assistant. The US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC is a federal agency charged with ending employment discrimination Hill alleges that it was during these two periods (i. e. , during her employment at ED and EEOC) that Thomas made sexually provocative statements.
Although Hill was a career employee (Schedule A) and therefore had the option of remaining at the Department of Education, she testified that she followed Thomas because, "[t]he work, itself, was interesting, and at that time, it appeared that the sexual overtures . . . had ended. " [2] Also, she testified that she wanted to work in the civil-rights field, and that she believed that "at that time the Department of Education, itself, was a dubious venture. " [2]
On October 11, 1991, Hill was called to testify during the Senate confirmation hearing of then-Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Hill's allegations against Thomas were made public when information from an FBI interview about the allegations was leaked to the media days before the final Senate vote on his appointment. Thomas was nominated by then-President George H. W. Bush to replace the retiring Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first African-American to be appointed to the United States Supreme Court. Thurgood Marshall ( July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American Jurist and the first African American
Hill's testimony included a wide variety of language she allegedly was subjected to by Thomas that she found inappropriate:
"He spoke about acts that he had seen in pornographic films involving such matters as women having sex with animals and films showing group sex or rape scenes. . . . On several occasions, Thomas told me graphically of his own sexual prowess. . . . Thomas was drinking a Coke in his office, he got up from the table at which we were working, went over to his desk to get the Coke, looked at the can and asked, 'Who has put pubic hair on my Coke?'. " [3]
Four individuals (Ellen Wells, John W. Carr, Judge Susan Hoerchner, and Joel Paul) testified that Hill had been upset at the time she worked for Thomas about what she had said was sexual harassment by him. Angela Wright, another of Thomas' subordinates, stated that she had also been sexually harassed by him but did not testify so at the hearings and Rose Jourdain testified that Wright had been upset at that time about what she had also said was sexual harassment by Thomas. Wright had been fired by Thomas from the EEOC. [4]
Thomas made a blanket denial of the accusations, claiming this was a "high-tech lynching", and, after extensive debate, the U.S. Senate narrowly confirmed Thomas by a vote of 52-48. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives [5]
In 1991, public opinion polls showed that 47% of those polled believed Thomas, while 24% believed Hill. In 1992, a different poll had 44% believing Hill and only 34% believing Thomas.
Effects
Public interest in, and debate over, Hill's testimony is said by some to have launched modern-day public awareness of the issue of sexual harassment in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
In their Black feminist anthology, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies, Editors Akasha (Gloria T. Black feminism argues that Sexism, class oppression and Racism are inextricably bound together ) Hull, Patricia Bell Scott and Barbara Smith describe Black feminists mobilizing "a remarkable national response to the Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas (Supreme Court nomination) in 1991, naming their effort African American Women in Defense of Ourselves. Barbara Smith (born December 16, 1946) in Cleveland is an American, lesbian feminist who has played a significant role in building [6]
Books
Doubts about her testimony were furthered by the widely publicized and later recanted claims of David Brock, in his book The Real Anita Hill. David Brock (born November 2, 1962) is an American journalist and author and the founder of Media Matters for America. The Real Anita Hill is a controversial 1993 book written by David Brock that claims to reveal the "true motives" of Anita Hill Brock, later describing the book as "character assassination", disavowed it and apologized to Hill; he also suggests that he used information provided by an intermediary of Thomas to threaten another witness, Kaye Savage, into backing down, which Savage confirms. [7] His recantation was published in the July 1997 issue of Esquire Magazine, in a piece titled "I was a Conservative Hit Man. Esquire is a Men's magazine by the Hearst Corporation with a strong literary tradition " [7] and, in his subsequent book, Blinded by the Right, he accuses himself of being "a witting cog in the Republican sleaze machine. Blinded by the Right The Conscience of an Ex-Conservative (ISBN 1-4000-4728-5 is a 2002 book written by former conservative Journalist "
In 1998, Anita Hill penned her autobiography, Speaking Truth To Power.
"I see . . . the faces of these young people, and I see their hearts and that they really do want change, and that they deserve it," said Hill. "They deserve a better society and so that is what motivates me and I think that I can be a part of creating that and having [been] given that chance, I don't want to blow it. "
In 2007, Clarence Thomas published his memoirs, revisiting the Anita Hill controversy. He describes her as touchy and apt to overreact and her work at the EEOC as mediocre. [8] He wrote in his autobiography, My Grandfather's Son:
- On Sunday morning, courtesy of Newsday, I met for the first time an Anita Hill who bore little resemblance to the woman who had worked for me at EEOC and the Education Department. Somewhere along the line she had been transformed into a conservative, devoutly religious Reagan-administration employee. In fact she was a left-winger who'd never expressed any religious sentiments whatsoever during the time I'd known her, and the only reason why she'd held a job in the Reagan administration was because I'd given it to her.
In an op-ed piece written by Anita Hill, appearing in the New York Times on October 2, 2007, Ms. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Hill writes that she "will not stand by silently and allow [Justice Thomas], in his anger, to reinvent me. "
Recent career
Hill has provided expert commentary on many national television programs. Hill has been featured on “Today,” “60 Minutes” and “Face the Nation. ” Hill is also the author of many articles which have been published in “The New York Times,” “Newsweek,” and "Critical Race Feminism. " In addition, she has contributed to many scholarly and legal publications. Hill is also a sought-after public speaker in many arenas, including law and women's rights. [9]
In 1995, Hill co-edited Race, Gender and Power in America with Emma Coleman Jordan. [10] She has also "written extensively on international commercial law, bankruptcy, and civil rights". Commercial law (sometimes known as business law) is the body of Law which governs Business and commercial transactions Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against [11]
On October 29, 1996, Hill resigned from the University of Oklahoma College of Law. [12] She obtained a position at the Institute for the Study of Social Change on the University of California's Berkeley campus in January 1997. [13]
In 1997, Hill joined the faculty of the Heller School for Social Policy and Management at Brandeis University, after time at Brandeis University's Women's Studies Program. The Heller School for Social Policy and Management is one of the three graduate schools of Brandeis University. Brandeis University is a private research University with a Liberal arts focus located in Waltham Massachusetts, United States.
In 2005, Hill was selected as a Fletcher Foundation Fellow. The Fletcher Foundation is a nonprofit foundation that supports Civil rights and Environmental education.
In 2008, Professor Hill was awarded the Louis P. and Evelyn Smith First Amendment Award http://www.fordhallforum.org/first_amendment_award.html by the Ford Hall Forum http://www.fordhallforum.org/index.html.
References
- ^ http://www.ctforum.org/popups/bio.asp?event_bio_image_id=2611].
- ^ a b TESTIMONY OF ANITA F. HILL, PROFESSOR OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA, NORMAN, OK 37. US Government Printing Office (1991-10-11). Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Retrieved on 2007-10-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's
- ^ "Opening Statement: Sexual Harassment Hearings Concerning Judge Clarence Thomas," Women's Speeches from Around the World [1]
- ^ HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON THE NOMINATION OF CLARENCE THOMAS TO BE ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, DC: U. S Government Printing Office, 1991, pp. 273-331, 442-551, ISBN 0-16-040838-5, <http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/04oct20051455/www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/senate/judiciary/sh102-1084pt4/sh102-1084pt4.zip>
- ^ Today in History - Oct. 15 - Forbes Magazine, October 14, 2006. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Hull, Smith, Scott. All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies, pxvi
- ^ a b Critic of Anita Hill Now Admits Lying
- ^ "16 years later, Thomas fires back at Anita Hill," MSNBC. com, 28 September 2007,http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21038082/. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Biography of Anita Hill.
- ^ Hill, A. F. (Editor) & Jordan, E. C. (Editor). Race, Gender and Power in America. ISBN 0195087747.
- ^ Anita Hill focuses on electoral, Supreme Court issues. Brandeis University. Retrieved on 2007-10-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
- ^ Anita Hill Plans to Leave Teaching Post in Oklahoma. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-10-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's
- ^ Anita Hill to be visiting scholar at UC Berkeley during spring 1997 to work on book, give seminars. The Regents of the University of California. Retrieved on 2007-10-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's
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