| Anglo-Dutch Wars | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Dutch Republic Denmark |
 England France |
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| Commanders | |||||||
| Michiel de Ruyter Maarten Tromp |
The Duke of York Robert Blake Jean II d'Estrées |
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| Strength | |||||||
| Dutch Republic 600 warships 1,500 Marines 50 soldiers Denmark-Norway Fortress, 250 soilders |
England 650 warships 300 soldiers France 60 ships |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Dutch Republic 56 warships lost 20 warships captured 10,150 dead 20,000 wounded 2,500 captured Denmark-Norway 8 dead 10 civilians killed |
England 40 warships lost 18 warships captured 13,310 dead 25,000 wounded 2,000 captured France 400 killed |
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The Anglo-Dutch Wars (Dutch: Engels-Nederlandse Oorlogen or Engelse Zeeoorlogen) were fought in the 17th and 18th centuries between England (later the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War) and the United Provinces for control over the seas and trade routes. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–1784 was a conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. They are known as the Dutch Wars in England and as the English Wars in the Netherlands.
Contents |
Backgrounds
Neither England nor the main maritime provinces of the Netherlands, Flanders and Holland, had in late mediaeval times been major European sea powers on a par with Portugal, Castille, Aragon or Venice. The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the During the Wars of Religion in the 16th century between the Catholic Habsburg dynasty and the newly Protestant nations, England under Elizabeth I built up a strong naval force, designed to carry out long range privateering or piracy missions in the Spanish Empire, exemplified by the exploits of Francis Drake. The French Wars of Religion (1562 to 1598 between French Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots involved both civil infighting The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c 1540 &ndash 27 January 1595 was an English Privateer, navigator, Slaver, and politician These raids, financed by the Crown or high nobility, were initially immensely profitable, until the overhaul of Spain's naval and intelligence systems led to a series of costly failures. Partly to provide a pretext for such hostilities against Spain, Elizabeth assisted the Dutch Revolt by signing in 1585 the Treaty of Nonsuch with the new Dutch state of the United Provinces. The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries The Treaty of Nonsuch was signed by Elizabeth I of England and the Netherlands on August 20, 1585 at Nonsuch Palace in Surrey In the resulting Anglo-Spanish War the Dutch played only a secondary role as they were fully occupied in fighting Habsburg armies at home. The Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604 was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England, which was never formally declared
Around the turn of the century however, Anglo-Spanish relations began to improve, resulting in the peace of 1605, ending most privateering actions and leading to a neglect of the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The unsuccessful Anglo–Spanish War of 1625 was only a temporary change in policy. In the same period the Dutch, continuing their conflict with the Habsburgs, began to carry out long distance actions, not only being very successful in privateering, Admiral Piet Heyn in 1628 being the only one succeeding in capturing a large Spanish treasure fleet, but also replacing the Portuguese as the main European traders in Asia. For the Danish mathematician and poet see Piet Hein (Denmark. Taking over most of Portugal's trade posts in the East Indies gave them control over the hugely profitable trade in spices. The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term often used to refer to the islands of SE Asia, especially the Malay Archipelago A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive This coincided with an enormous growth of the Dutch merchant fleet, made possible by the cheap mass production of fluyt ships. A fluyt, fluit, or flute (flœt is a type of Sailing vessel originally designed as a dedicated cargo vessel. Soon the Dutch had the largest mercantile fleet of Europe, and a dominant position in European, especially Baltic, trade. Though less spectacularly so, gradually also the Dutch navy grew in power.
From January 1631 Charles I of England engaged in a number of secret agreements with Spain, directed against Dutch sea power. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. He also embarked on a major programme of naval construction, enforcing ship money to built such prestige vessels as HMS Sovereign of the Seas. Ship money was a Tax, the levy of which by Charles I of England without the consent of Parliament was one of the causes of the English Civil War History HMS Sovereign of the Seas was ordered in August 1634 on personal initiative of Charles I of England, who desired a giant Great Ship to be Charles's policy was not very successful however. Fearing to endanger his good relations with the powerful Dutch stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, his assistance to Spain limited itself to allowing Habsburg troops on their way to Dunkirk to employ neutral English shipping; in 1636 and 1637 he made some halfhearted attempts to extort North Sea herring rights from Dutch fishermen until intervention by the Dutch navy made an end to such practices. A Stadtholder ( Dutch: stadhouder, " steward " or literally "place-keeper" or "stead-holder" in older Dutch in the Low Frederick Henry, or Frederik Hendrik in Dutch ( 29 January 1584 – 14 March 1647) was the Prince of Orange Dunkirk ( French: Dunkerque, dœ̃kɛʀk or; Dutch:; is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the Herring are small Oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North When in 1639 a large Spanish transport fleet sought refuge in the English Downs moorage, Charles did not dare to protect it against a Dutch attack; the resulting Battle of the Downs undermined both Spanish sea power and Charles's reputation. The Downs are a Roadstead or area of sea in the southern North Sea near the English Channel off the east Kent Coast, between the The naval Battle of the Downs took place on 31 October 1639 ( New style) during the Eighty Years' War and was a decisive defeat of the
The English Civil War, commencing soon hereafter, severely weakened England's naval position. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Its navy was as internally divided as the country as a whole; the Dutch, as superior on land as they were at sea, even took over much of England's maritime trade with her North American colonies. Between 1648 and 1651 however the situation reversed completely. In 1648 the United Provinces concluded the Peace of Münster with Spain; most of the Dutch army and navy was decommissioned. The Peace of Münster was a Treaty between the United Netherlands and Spain signed in 1648. This led to a conflict between the major Dutch cities and the new stadtholder William II of Orange, bringing the Republic to the brink of civil war; the stadtholder's unexpected death in 1650 only added to the political tensions. William II Prince of Orange ( May 27, 1626 &ndash November 6, 1650) Stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands Meanwhile Oliver Cromwell united his country into the Commonwealth of England and in a few years created a powerful navy, expanding the number of ships and greatly improving organisation and discipline. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known The Commonwealth of England was the Republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland England was ready to challenge Dutch trade dominance.
The mood in England was rather belligerent towards the Dutch. This partly stemmed from old perceived slights: the Dutch were considered to have shown themselves ungrateful for the aid they had received against the Spanish by growing stronger than their former British protectors; they caught most of the herring off the English east coast; they had driven the English out of the East Indies committing presumed atrocities such as the Amboyna Massacre while vociferously appealing to the principle of free trade to circumvent taxation in the English colonies. The Amboyna massacre was the torture and execution in 1623 of twenty men ten of which were in the service of the British East India Company, by agents of the But there were also new points of conflict: the decline of Spanish power at the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the colonial possessions of the Portugal (already in the midst of Portuguese Restoration War), and perhaps even of a beleaguered Spain, were up for grabs. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta Portuguese Restoration War (Guerra da Restauração was the name given after the 19th century by romantic historians to the war between Portugal and Castile The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries The Dutch had after 1648 quickly replaced the English in their traditional Iberian trade. Cromwell feared the influence of the Orangist faction and English exiles in the Republic because the stadtholders had always supported the Stuarts; the Dutch abhorred the decapitation of Charles I.
Early in 1651 Cromwell tried to ease tensions by sending a delegation to The Hague proposing that the Dutch Republic join the Commonwealth and the Dutch would assist the English in conquering most of Spanish America. This attempt to keep the peace ended in war. The ruling peace faction in the States of Holland was unable to formulate a constructive answer to the unexpected and far-reaching offer. States of Holland and West Frisia ( Dutch: Staten van Holland en Westfriesland) were the representation of the two Estates ( The Orangists, intent on war, incited mobs to harass the envoys. When the delegation returned, the English Parliament, feeling deeply offended by the Dutch attitude, decided to pursue a policy of confrontation. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England.
The first war (1652-1654)
In order to protect its position in North America, in October 1651 the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England passed the first of the Navigation Acts, which mandated that all goods imported into England must be carried by English ships or vessels from the exporting countries, thus excluding (mostly Dutch) middlemen. The First Anglo–Dutch War (Eerste Engelse Zeeoorlog (1652–54 (called the First Dutch War in England and the First English Sea-War in the Netherlands was TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those The English Navigation Acts were a series of Laws which restricted the use of foreign Shipping and trade between England (later the Kingdom of Great This typical mercantilist measure as such did not hurt the Dutch much as the English trade was relatively unimportant to them, but it was used by the many pirates operating from British territory as an ideal pretext to legally take any Dutch ship they encountered. Mercantilism is the idea that a colony should export more goods than it imports and that a colony should sell at higher prices and buy at lower prices The Dutch responded to the growing intimidation by enlisting large numbers of armed merchantmen into their navy. The English, trying to revive an ancient right they perceived they had to be recognised as the 'lords of the seas', demanded that other ships strike their flags in salute to their ships, even in foreign ports. On 29 May 1652, Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp refused to show the respectful haste expected in lowering his flag to salute an encountered English fleet. Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp ( April 23, 1598 &ndash August 10, 1653) was an officer and later Admiral in the Dutch This resulted in a skirmish, the Battle of Goodwin Sands, after which the Commonwealth declared war on 10 July. The naval Battle of Goodwin Sands (also known as the Battle of Dover) fought on 29 May 1652 ( 19 May 1652 in the Julian Calendar
After some inconclusive minor fights the English were successful in the first major battle, General-at-sea Robert Blake defeating the Dutch Vice-Admiral Witte de With in the Battle of the Kentish Knock in October 1652. Robert Blake (1599 — August 17, 1657) was one of the most important military commanders of the Commonwealth of England, and one of the most famous Witte Corneliszoon de With ( 28 March 1599, Den Briel - 8 November 1658, Oresund) was a famous Dutch The Battle of the Kentish Knock (or the Battle of the Zealand Approaches) was a naval battle between the fleets of the Dutch Republic and England, fought Believing that the war was all but over, the English divided their forces and in December were routed by the fleet of Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp at the Battle of Dungeness in the English Channel. The naval Battle of Dungeness took place on 10 December 1652 during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the cape of Dungeness in Kent The Dutch were also victorious in March 1653 at the Battle of Leghorn near Italy and had gained effective control of both the Mediterranean and the English Channel. The naval Battle of Leghorn (the Dutch call the encounter by the Italian name Livorno) took place on 14 March ( 4 March Old Style 1653 during the Blake, recovering from an injury, rethought, together with George Monck, the whole system of naval tactics, and after the winter of 1653 used the line of battle, first to drive the Dutch navy out of the English Channel in the Battle of Portland and then out of the North Sea in the Battle of the Gabbard. George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician Naval tactics in the Age of Sail were used from the early 1600s onward when Sailing ships replaced oared Galleys These were used until the 1860s In Naval warfare, the line of battle is a tactic in which the ships of the fleet form a line end-to-end The naval Battle of Portland, or Three Days' Battle took place during 28 February - 2 March, 1653 ( Old style) during the The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The naval Battle of the Gabbard, also known as the Battle of Gabbard Bank, the Battle of the North Foreland or the second Battle of Nieuwpoort The Dutch were unable to effectively resist as the States-General of the Netherlands had not in time heeded the warnings of their admirals that much larger warships were needed. The States-General ( Staten-Generaal) is the Parliament of the Netherlands. In the final Battle of Scheveningen on 10 August 1653 Tromp was killed, a blow to Dutch morale, but the English had to end their blockade of the Dutch coast. The Battle of Scheveningen (also known as the Battle of Texel or the Battle of Ter Heijde) was the final Naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire As both nations were by now exhausted and Cromwell had dissolved the warlike Rump Parliament, ongoing peace negotiations could be brought to fruition, be it after many months of slow diplomatic exchanges. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those
The war ended on 5 April 1654 with the signing of the Treaty of Westminster (ratified by the States-General on 8 May), but the commercial rivalry was not resolved, the English having failed to replace the Dutch as the world's dominant trade nation. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop The Treaty of Westminster was signed on May 8, 1654, which ended the First Anglo-Dutch War ( 1652 -1654 Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen The treaty contained a secret annex, the Act of Seclusion, forbidding the infant Prince William III of Orange from becoming stadtholder of the province of Holland, which would prove to be a future cause of discontent. The Act of Seclusion is a secret annex in the Treaty of Westminster (1654 between the United Provinces and the Commonwealth of England in which William William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" In 1653 the Dutch had started a major naval expansion programme, building sixty larger vessels, partly closing the qualitative gap with the English fleet. Cromwell, having started the war against Spain without Dutch help, during his rule avoided a new conflict with the Republic, even though the Dutch in the same period defeated his Portuguese and Swedish allies. The Anglo-Spanish War fought between the British Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell and Spain between 1654 and 1660.
The second war (1665-1667)
After the English Restoration, Charles II tried to serve his dynastic interests by attempting to make Prince William III of Orange, his nephew, stadtholder of The Republic, using some military pressure. The Second Anglo-Dutch War was fought between England and the United Provinces from 4 March, 1665 until 31 July, 1667. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" A Stadtholder ( Dutch: stadhouder, " steward " or literally "place-keeper" or "stead-holder" in older Dutch in the Low This led to a surge of patriotism in England, the country being, as Samuel Pepys put it, "mad for war". Samuel Pepys, FRS (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703 was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament, who is now most famous for This war, provoked in 1664, witnessed quite a few significant English victories in battle, (but also some Dutch ones such as the capture of the Prince Royal during the Four Days Battle in 1666 which was the subject of a famous painting by Willem van de Velde). The Four Days Battle was a Naval battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Willem van de Velde the Younger (bapt Dec 18 1633, Leiden &ndash April 6, 1707, London) was a Dutch However the Raid on the Medway in June 1667 ended the war with a Dutch victory. The Raid on the Medway, sometimes called the Battle of Medway or the Battle of Chatham, was a successful Dutch attack on the largest English A flotilla of ships led by Admiral de Ruyter broke through the defensive chains guarding the Medway and burned part of the English fleet docked at Chatham. Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter ( 24 March 1607 – 29 April 1676) is one of the most famous Admirals in Dutch history History The Medway area has a long and varied history dominated The greatly expanded Dutch navy was now for a few years the world's strongest. The Dutch Republic was then at the zenith of its power.
The third war (1672-1674)
Soon the English navy was rebuilt. The Third Anglo-Dutch War or Third Dutch War ( Dutch: Derde Engelse Oorlog or Derde Engelse Zeeoorlog) was a military conflict between After the embarrassing events in the previous war, English public opinion was unenthusiastic about starting a new one. Bound by the secret Treaty of Dover Charles II was however obliged to assist Louis XIV in his attack on The Republic in the Franco-Dutch War. The Treaty of Dover, also known as the Secret Treaty of Dover, was an offensive and defensive treaty between England and France signed at Dover Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The Franco-Dutch War (1672&ndash1678 was a War fought between the Kingdom of France, Münster-->, Cologne--> and Kingdom of England The French army being halted by inundations, an attempt was made to invade The Republic by sea. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge De Ruyter, gaining four strategic victories against the Anglo-French fleet, prevented invasion. After these failures the English parliament forced Charles to sign peace.
The fourth war (1780-1784)
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 ended the conflict by placing Prince William III of Orange on the English throne as co-ruler with his wife Mary. Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1784 ( MDCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–1784 was a conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death Though this was in fact a military conflict between England and The Republic, William invading Britain and Ireland with a Dutch fleet and army, it is never described as an Anglo-Dutch war, as he had strong support in England and was partly serving the dynastic interests of his wife.
However, the regime change brought about the ultimate downfall of the Dutch Republic. " Regime change " is literally the replacement of one Regime with another The Dutch merchant elite immediately began to use London as a new operational base. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Dutch economic growth slowed. William ordered that any Anglo-Dutch fleet be under English command, with the Dutch navy having 60% of the strength of the English. From about 1720 Dutch wealth declined. Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Around 1780 the per capita gross national product of the Kingdom of Great Britain surpassed that of the Dutch Republic. Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Whereas in the 17th century the commercial success of the Dutch had fuelled English rivalry, in the late 18th century the growth of English power led to Dutch resentment. When the Dutch began to support the American rebels, this led to the fourth war, and the loss of the alliance made the Dutch Republic fatally vulnerable to the French. Soon it would be subject to regime change itself.
The Dutch navy was by now only a shadow of its former self, having only about twenty ships of the line, so there were no large fleet battles. The British tried to reduce the Republic to the status of a British protectorate, using Prussian military pressure and gaining factual control over the Dutch colonies, those conquered during the war given back at war's end. In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Dutch then still held some key positions in the European trade with Asia, such as the Cape Colony, Ceylon and Malacca. The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652 with the founding of Cape Town. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The war sparked a new round of Dutch ship building (95 warships in the last quarter of the 18th century), but the British kept their absolute numerical superiority by doubling their fleet in the same time.
Although this war is technically an Anglo-Dutch war (as it was between England and the Netherlands), many respectable historians, such as Steven Pincus, argue that this later war stemmed from completely different causes and therefore should not be included in a discussion of these earlier wars.
Later wars
In the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars of 1793–1815, France reduced the Netherlands to a satellite and finally annexed the country in 1810. The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Satellite state is a political term that refers to a country which is formally independent but under heavy influence or control by another country Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In 1797 the Dutch fleet was defeated by the British in the Battle of Camperdown. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Battle of Camperdown ( 11 October 1797) was a British naval victory in the North Sea over the Dutch during the French France considered both the extant Dutch fleet and the large Dutch ship-building capacity very important assets, but after the Battle of Trafalgar gave up its attempt to match the British fleet, despite a strong Dutch lobby to this effect. The Battle of Trafalgar ( 21 October 1805) was a historic sea battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the Britain took over all the Dutch colonies, with the exception of the trading post at Deshima in Japan. was a fan-shaped Artificial island in the bay of Nagasaki that was a Dutch Trading port during Japan 's self-imposed isolation ( Sakoku For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Some historians count the wars between Britain and the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of Holland during the Napoleonic era as the Fifth and Sixth Anglo-Dutch war. The Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek was the successor of the Republic of the United Netherlands. Not to be confused with the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Kingdom of Holland 1806 - 1810 (Koningrijk Holland Royaume Timeline of the Napoleonic eraThe Napoleonic Era is a period in the History of France and Europe
See also
- History of the Netherlands
- History of England
- History of the British Isles
- British military history
- Dutch military history
External links
- Painting of Anglo-Dutch sea battle (Third War) (National Maritime Museum London). The historical period sets in with the Roman Empire, as the parts south of the Rhine were included in the province of Gallia Belgica, and later of The history of England is similar to the history of Britain until the arrival of the Saxons The history of the British Isles has witnessed intermittent periods of competition and cooperation between the people that occupy the various parts of Great Britain, The Dutch-speaking people have a long history the Netherlands as a Nation-state dates from 1568
- National Maritime Museum London official site.
- Dutch Admiral Michiel de Ruyters' flagship 'The Seven Provinces' is being rebuilt in the Dutch town of Lelystad. Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter ( 24 March 1607 – 29 April 1676) is one of the most famous Admirals in Dutch history Lelystad ( is a Municipality and a City in the centre of the Netherlands, and it is the Capital of the Province of Flevoland
- A short history of the Anglo-Dutch Wars
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