Citizendia

Anglo-American relations
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Anglo-American relations are used to describe the relations of the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Contents

Country Comparison

Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom Flag of the United States United States
Population 60,587,300 303,241,000
Area 244,820 km² (94,526 sq mi) 9,826,630 km² (3,794,066 sq mi )
Population Density 246 /km² (637 /sq mi) 31/km² (80/sq mi)
Capital London Washington, D.C.
Largest City London - 7,172,091 (13,945,000 Metro) New York City - 8,214,426 (18,818,536 Metro)
Government Constitutional monarchy Federal presidential, constitutional republic
Official languages English (de-facto) English (de-facto)
Main Religions 72% Christianity, 3% Islam, 1% Hinduism 78% Christianity, 2% Buddhism, 1% Judaism, 1% Islam
Ethnic Groups 86% White British, 7% White Other,
6% Asian (South and East), 2% Black, 2% Multiracial and other		 74% White American, 14% Hispanic or Latino (of any race),
12% Black, 8% Multiracial and other, 4% Asian, 1% AIAN or NHPI
GDP (nominal) $2. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The City of New York A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is A federal republic is a Federation of States with a republican form of government A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature A constitutional Republic is a State where the Head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people and English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. " White British " was a racially -based classification used by the 2001 census. " White Other " is a term used in the UK census to describe white persons of non- British and non- Irish descent in British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Since the 17th century there have been East Asian people in Britain. See also British African-Caribbean community, Caribbean British Black British is a term which has had different meanings and uses as a racial and political Mixed Race was included as an ethnic classification on the UK Census from 2001. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose ancestries come from different races. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Pacific Islander Americans are residents of the United States with original ancestry from Oceania. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 660. 7 trillion ($38,624 Per Capita) $13. This list compares various sizes of positive Numbers including counts of things Dimensionless quantity and probabilities. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' 770 trillion ($44,190 Per Capita)
British Americans 224,000 American born people live in the UK 678,000 British born people live in the US
(36,564,465 of British descent)

History

Origins

The British established a dozen colonies in the New World. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. The Thirteen Colonies had limited self government. The Thirteen Colonies were part of what became known as British America, a name that was used by Great Britain until the Treaty of Paris (1783 recognized the Prefaced by the French and Indian War, tensions escalated from 1765 to 1775 over issues of taxation and control, leading to the American Revolution. The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Declaration of Independence of 1776 was an internally controversial decisive break. The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then U. K. military efforts to defeat the Americans, French and Spanish failed, and independence was recognized in 1783. When the United Kingdom and France went to war again in 1793, relations verged on war. The two countries signed the Jay Treaty in 1794 which established a decade of peace and prosperous trade relations. The Jay Treaty, also known as the Treaty of London of 1794, between the United States and Great Britain averted war solved many issues left over from That broke down in 1805. [1]

War of 1812

After 1805 relations were on the verge of war, with the Americans imposing trade embargoes such as the Embargo Act of 1807, and the British, with the vast Royal Navy, boarding American ships and impressing (forcing into royal navy service) sailors. The Embargo Act " was a series of laws passed by the Congress of the United States between the years 1806-1808 during the second term of President Thomas The War of 1812 was initiated by the United States under President James Madison as a means to protect American trading rights and freedom of the seas for neutral countries. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding Other motivations included anger at alleged British military support for American Indians defending their tribal lands from encroaching American settlers; and a desire for territorial expansion of the Republic. The initial American action, an attack on the British colony of Canada, failed due to winter conditions, and in 1814 the British raided Washington and burned the "Presidential Mansion", which later became famously known for its singe-mark cover all paint job as the White House. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence After the United States gained naval control of the Great Lakes, which prevented British attack from Canada, negotiations lead to the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war by restoring the status quo ante. The Treaty of Ghent ( signed on December 24 1814, in Ghent, currently in Belgium, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812

Disputes 1815-1860

The international slave trade had largely ended after the United Kingdom passed the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act in 1807, and the United States passed a similar law in 1808. See also Atlantic slave trade, Abolitionism The Slave Trade Act (citation 47 Geo III Sess All slaves in the British Empire were emancipated in 1833, with compensation to the slave owners. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 had expressed American hostility to European colonialism, but had British approval. The Monroe Doctrine is a US doctrine which on December 2 1823 stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with After the Panic of 1837 numerous U. The Panic of 1837 was a Panic in the United States built on a speculative fever S. States defaulted on their bonds owned by British investors. During the Caroline Affair in 1837, Canadian rebels fled to New York and used a small American ship the Caroline to smuggle supplies into Canada after a failed rebellion there. The Caroline Affair was a series of events beginning in 1837 that strained relations between the United States and Britain. In late 1837 Canadian militia burned the ship leading to diplomatic protests, popular Anglophobia and additional incidents. Additional conflicts on the Maine border involved rival teams of lumberjacks in the "Aroostook War. The Aroostook War was an undeclared (and ultimately bloodless confrontation in 1838-39 between the United States and Great Britain over the international boundary between British " The Webster-Ashburton treaty of 1842 resolved these issues and finalized the New Brunswick/Maine border. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, settled the dispute over the location of the Maine - New Brunswick border between the [2]

American Civil War

In the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America assumed that the British would prove sympathetic despite their opposition to slavery. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Though their first attempt to provoke British intervention by using an embargo of cotton exports was a failure, the Trent Affair, when a US ship stopped a UK ship and took off two Confederate diplomats, almost provoked a third war between the United States and the United Kingdom but Abraham Lincoln was against fighting on two fronts and U. Britain in the American Civil War The Trent Affair, also known as the Mason and Slidell Affair, was an international diplomatic incident that occurred during the Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal S. Secretary of State William H. Seward was able to smooth matters over. This article is about the New York Governor and Secretary of State Despite intense American protests, the British allowed the CSS Alabama to leave port as a commerce raider. History Construction Alabama was built in secrecy by British shipbuilders John Laird Sons and Company in Liverpool, Merseyside After the war, the United Kingdom abided by the arbitration of an international tribunal and paid compensation to the United States for the activities of the Alabama as part of the Treaty of Washington. The Treaty of Washington was a Treaty concluded in 1871 between the United Kingdom and the United States for settling various differences between [3]

Venezuelan and Canadian border disputes

In 1895, President Cleveland intervened in a dispute over the border between British Guiana and Venezuela by demanding arbitration, which was agreed to and resolved by arbitration. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. The Schomburgk Line is the name given to a survey line that figured in a 19th century territorial dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana (now British Guiana was the name of the British Colony on the northern coast of South America, now the independent nation of Guyana. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Disputes over the Alaska-Canada border were resolved by arbitration in 1903, as the British judge sided with the Americans against the Canadians. The Alaska Boundary Dispute was a Territorial dispute between the United States and Canada (then a British Dominion with its foreign affairs The Canadians were outraged to be sacrificed for the benefit of U. S. -U. K. harmony. [4]

World War I

After the Spanish-American War of 1898, the United States acquired overseas territories and had begun to build a fleet to go with it. At the beginning of World War I, both the United Kingdom and Germany engaged in propaganda campaigns designed to win over the United States. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The British were able to guarantee a price for American cotton producers, who were the most affected by the loss of trade with Germany and Central Europe. The Anglophile President Wilson then opted to allow the munitions trade to continue, despite disputes over freedom of the seas because of the U. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. This article is about the concept in International law and Admiralty law. K. blockade of Germany and complaints of a 'navalism' like German 'militarism'. This policy meant that the United States would supply only the Entente powers. The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the However, at the start of the war, the unrestricted activities of German agents against British interests, as well as the U. S. Government's refusal to check the Indian sedetionist movement was a major concern for the U. The Ghadar Conspiracy was a Conspiracy for a pan-Indian Mutiny in the British Indian Army in February 1915 formulated by Indian revolutionaries K. Government that triggered an intense neutrality dispute through 1916. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The U. K. Far-Eastern fleet's activities, especially the SS China and SS Henry S incidents drew strong responses from the U. S. government, prompting the U. S. Atlantic fleet to dispatch Destroyers to the Pacific to protect the sovereignty of American vessels. However, this dispute did not calm down before November 1916. [5] As evidence of German complicity in public incidents (including the Black Tom explosion) and conspiracies in and against the United States (such as the Zimmerman Telegram) became more obvious, American public opinion was strongly influenced. Black Tom currently redirects here For the Marvel Comics character see Black Tom Cassidy. The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note; German: Zimmermann-Depesche; Spanish: Telegrama Zimmermann) was a coded When Germany responded in 1916 with a submarine blockade of the United Kingdom, the sinking of the RMS Lusitania by a German U-boat led to a protest by the United States and a strong swing in public opinion against Germany. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Construction and trials Owned by the Cunard Steamship Company built by John Brown and Company Lusitania was named for the ancient Roman province of U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers Germany returned to unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917 in the belief that the United Kingdom would be decisively weakened before the United States could mobilize, but the United States declared war on Germany. The United States joined the Allies, and sent hundreds of thousands of troops (though initially slowly) to the Western front and were instrumental in bringing about the end of the war.

Though Wilson had wanted to wage war for cause of humanity the negotiations over the Treaty of Versailles made plain that his diplomatic position had weakened with victory. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The borders of Europe were redrawn on the basis of national self-determination, with the exception of Germany. Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their Heavy financial reparations were imposed on Germany, at the protest of the Americans, because of the French desire for a punitive peace. [6]

Inter-war years

The Great War was the end of the Royal Navy's superiority, an eclipse acknowledged in the Washington Naval Treaty, when the United States and the United Kingdom were allocated equal tonnage quotas. The Washington Naval Treaty, also known as the Five-Power Treaty, limited the naval armaments of its five signatories the United States of America, the U. S. policies on immigration and trade fostered a Pacific rivalry with Japan rather than an Atlantic rivalry. During the Great Depression, the United States was preoccupied with its own economic recovery and, espousing an isolationist policy, was only sporadically active in foreign affairs. Isolationism is a Foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military policy and a political policy of Economic nationalism ( Protectionism After the Americans imposed a high Smoot-Hawley tariff in 1930, the United Kingdom, Canada and the Empire built up imperial trade preferences, thereby diverting trade internally and away from the United States. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (sometimes known as the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act) was an act signed into law on June 17 1930, that raised U The United Kingdom engaged in appeasement of Nazi Germany whilst pursuing limited rearmament. The Abdication Crisis, while absorbing popular interest in both countries, did not become a foreign relations issue, with Mrs. Simpson seen as being rejected as unsuitable for religious reasons rather than as an American. The Edward VIII abdication crisis occurred in the British Empire in 1936 when the desire of King-Emperor Edward VIII to marry his mistress Wallis Wallis Duchess of Windsor (born Bessie Wallis Warfield, later Spencer, then Simpson; 19 June 1895 or 1896 &ndash 24 April 1986 was an American Tensions over the Irish question declined with the independence of Éire, and with the successful ambassadorship of Joseph P. Kennedy in the late 1930s. Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy Sr (September 6 1888 &ndash November 18 1969 was a prominent American businessman and political figure and the father of U [7]

World War II

Though the American public was strongly sympathetic to the United Kingdom and France, there was also popular demand there for neutrality. Roosevelt's cash-and-carry policy allowed the United Kingdom and France to order munitions from the United States. Churchill, whose mother was American, had become prime minister after the Allies' failure to prevent the German invasion of Norway, and after the fall of France, Roosevelt gave the United Kingdom and later the Soviet Union all aid short of war, including the 1940 Destroyers for Bases Agreement and Lend-lease. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom, September 2, 1940, transferred fifty Destroyers Lend-Lease (Public Law 77-11 was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Before Pearl Harbor and the German declaration of war, two US Navy destroyers had already been torpedoed on convoy duties in the North Atlantic. Pearl Harbor is a Harbor on the Island of O{{okina}}ahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. The United States then became heavily involved in the war in Europe. It was during this period of extremely close co-operation that the special relationship was created. [8] The large numbers of American servicemen based in Britain led to some friction and to this relationship being explored in art and film (most particularly A Matter of Life and Death and A Canterbury Tale). A Matter of Life and Death ( is a film by the British writer-director-producer team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. A Canterbury Tale ( is a British film by the film-making team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. Roosevelt put heavy pressure on the United Kingdom to dissolve its Empire, which (due to post-war economic exhaustion and other factors, rather than U. S. pressure alone) took place in the 1947-1960 period.

Cold War

At the end of World War II, the United States and the United Kingdom became two of the founding members of the United Nations, as well as two of the five permanent members of the Security Council. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security They were suspicious of the motives of their former ally, the Soviet Union, under Joseph Stalin. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Rising tensions between the capitalist and communist powers led to the Cold War and an era of close cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom which included the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a mutual-defense alliance. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The North Atlantic Treaty As the British Empire dissolved throughout the world, the United States became one of two world superpowers along with the Soviet Union, while the United Kingdom became the most important partner with the United States on the Western side of the Cold War. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A superpower is a State with a leading position in the international system and the ability to Influence events and project power on a worldwide scale The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Through the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement the United States assists the United Kingdom in nuclear weapon development. The 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement is a bilateral Treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom on Nuclear weapons cooperation The United Kingdom was the third state to test an independently developed Nuclear weapon in October 1952

Forces from both countries were involved in the Korean War, fighting under United Nations command. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The United States had become the leading world power and pursued a mixed anti-colonial anti-communist policy, refusing to support the French attempt to retain Indochina and demanding the United Kingdom and France end their invasion of Egypt in 1956 during the Suez Crisis. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh As the Americans concentrated on their technological rivalry with the Soviets and waged an unpopular proxy war in Vietnam, Anti-Americanism became a factor in Europe, which partially reached the United Kingdom due to Suez and Vietnam. Anti-Americanism, often anti-American sentiment, is opposition or hostility to the people culture or policies of the United States. However, Harold Wilson refused to send U. James Harold Wilson Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, FRS, PC (11 March 1916 &ndash 24 May 1995 was one of the most prominent British politicians K. troops to Vietnam. Protests against the introduction of medium-range weapons which might allow a nuclear war to be confined to Europe became a feature of British politics in the eighties, but the U. K. government supported Washington and the missiles were sent. [9]

In the 1982 Falklands War, Washington initially tried to mediate between the United Kingdom and Argentina, but ultimately supported the United Kingdom's counter-invasion. The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the The U. S. Defense Department under Casper Weinberger supplied the U. Caspar Willard "Cap" Weinberger ( August 18, 1917 &ndash March 28, 2006) was an American politician and Secretary K. military with needed equipment. [10]

In October 1983 the United States and a coalition of Caribbean nations undertook Operation Urgent Fury, the invasion of Grenada. The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an Invasion of the nation of Grenada, an island in the Caribbean Sea 100 miles north Grenada (grɪˈneɪdə is an Island nation that includes the southern Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada had seen a bloody coup overthrow its Marxist regime and neighboring countries asked Reagan to intervene, which he did despite the protests from Thatcher.

Throughout the 1980s Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was strongly supportive of President Ronald Reagan's stance towards the Soviet Union. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, both the Americans and the British provided arms to the anti-Soviet Mujahadeen rebels in Afghanistan. The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or Both Reagan and Thatcher met with S. U. President Mikhail Gorbachev on separate occasions. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician

Post Cold War

Both the United States and the United Kingdom provided forces for the coalition army which liberated Kuwait in the Persian Gulf War. The British Labour Party were elected to office in 1997 for the first time in eighteen years. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Blair used Clinton's expression 'Third Way' to describe the ideology of his own party. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to The Third Way is a term that has been used to describe a variety of political philosophies of governance that embracing a mix of market and interventionist philosophies Forces from both countries were again used to impose a peace during the Kosovo War. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 [11]

War on Terror

Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, in which a number of U. K. citizens were also killed, there was an enormous outpouring of sympathy from the United Kingdom for the United States, and Blair became U. S. President George W. Bush's strongest international supporter. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The United States declared a War on Terror following the attacks. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U British forces participated in the 2001 war in Afghanistan and unlike France, Germany, China and Russia, the United Kingdom supported the United States in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia After the United States, the United Kingdom contributed the most troops to the coalition that entered Iraq. [12]

The 7 July 2005 London bombings emphasised the difference in the nature of the terrorist threat to both nations. The 7 July 2005 London bombings (also called the 7/7 bombings) were a series of coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's public transport system during The United States concentrated primarily on external enemies, like the al-Qaeda network and other Islamic extremists from the Middle East. The London bombings were carried out by homegrown extremist Muslims, and it emphasised the United Kingdom's threat from the radicalization of its own people. By 2007, U. K. support for the Iraq war had radically declined. [13]

The U. K. International Development Secretary has recently proposed a change in the current relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, the Secretary of State for International Development is a Cabinet minister responsible for promoting development overseas and for the He accentuated on the need for "new alliances, based on common values". He was verbal against "unilateralism" and called for an "international" and a "multilaterist" approach to global problems. Correspondents who were present while the speech was delivered reckoned it to be a "coded criticism" of the policies of President Bush. Incidentally, the speech came as the Democratic-controlled U.S. Congress voted in favor of pulling most of the combat troops out of Iraq. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. [14]

Present status

Present U. K. policy is that the relationship with the United States represents the United Kingdom's "most important bilateral relationship". The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [15]

Economics

The United States and the United Kingdom share the world's largest foreign direct investment partnership. American investment in the United Kingdom reached $255. 4 billion in 2002, while British direct investment in the United States totaled $283. 3 billion. [16]

Culture

Heritage

Because the 13 states that founded the United States began as colonies of Great Britain, the two nations retain significant shared threads of cultural heritage, many of which are common to all Anglosphere countries. The word Anglosphere describes a concept of a group of Anglophone ( English -speaking nations which share historical political and cultural characteristics rooted

Language

English is the de-facto language of both nations, and as such the United States and the United Kingdom share not only the language itself, but the entire heritage of English literature, philosophy, poetry, and theatre. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Both peoples are historically Christian, although increasingly secular and diverse in the modern era. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Both legal systems are based on the common law. Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive

Film

There is much crossover appeal in the modern entertainment culture of the United States and the United Kingdom. For example, Hollywood movies are popular in the United Kingdom, whilst the James Bond and Harry Potter series of films have attracted continued interest from the United States. The James Bond film series are Spy films inspired by Ian Fleming 's novels about the fictional MI6 agent Commander James Bond (codename The Harry Potter films are a fantasy series Production of films has often been shared between the two countries -- whether it be a concentrated use of British and American actors or use of film studios from both nations.

Music

American singers such as Madonna and 50 cent are popular in the United Kingdom, and British groups such as The Beatles, Spice Girls, The Who and Rolling Stones are popular in the United States. Madonna Louise Ciccone Ritchie (born August 16 1958 known as Madonna, is an American The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 The Spice Girls are a BRIT Award -winning English pop Girl group formed in 1994 The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend More recently, British acts such as Natasha Bedingfield, KT Tunstall and Leona Lewis have experienced widespread success in the States. Natasha Anne Bedingfield (26 November 1981 is an English pop singer and Songwriter. Kate Victoria "KT" Tunstall (born 23 June 1975 is a Scottish Singer-songwriter. Leona Louise Lewis (b 3 April 1985 is an English pop and R&B singer-songwriter and the winner of the third series of the United Kingdom television Undoubtedly, the popular music of both nations has had a strong influence on each other. Whilst Blues music (originating in the United States) had a clear influence on early rock and roll music in the United Kingdom (for example, the early music of Fleetwood Mac), the innovative music of The Beatles evidently changed the landscape of popular music of both countries. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Fleetwood Mac are a British / American The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960

The Celtic music of the United Kingdom has also had a dynamic effect upon American music, especially country and folk music. Celtic music is a term utilised by artists record companies music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of Musical genres that evolved out of the Folk In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity See also Folk (disambiguation, Volk (disambiguation Folk is one of the Germanic roots that mean "(of the people" or "our

Literature

Much popular literature also crosses over between the oceans, as evidenced by, for example, the appeal of British authors J. R. R. Tolkien and J.K. Rowling in the United States and American authors such as Stephen King and Michael Crichton in the United Kingdom. Joanne "Jo" Rowling OBE (born 31 July 1965 who writes under the Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Musician, Columnist, John Michael Crichton, ˈkraɪtən, (born October 23 1942 is an American author Film producer, Film director, Medical doctor, and Television producer

Television

Both countries' TV shows are similar, as many American and British television series are either carried by the other nations' networks, or are re-created for distribution in their own nations. Examples of popular British television shows that were re-created for the American market are The Office, Who Wants to be a Millionaire?, Whose Line is it Anyway?, Pop Idol (American Idol), Queer as Folk, and Til Death Us Do Part, known in the United States as All in the Family. The Office is the title of multiple television Situation comedy shows Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a Television Game show which offers very large Cash prizes for correctly answering successive multiple-choice Whose Line Is It Anyway? (abbreviated to Whose Line? or WLIIA) was a short-form Improvisational comedy TV show Pop Idol was a British Television series which debuted on ITV on October 5 2001; the show was a talent contest to decide American Idol, with the full title American Idol The Search for a Superstar for the first season only is an American reality-competition Till Death Us Do Part is a British sitcom that aired on BBC1 from 1965 to 1975 All in the Family is an American Situation comedy that was originally broadcast on the CBS television network from January 12 1971 to April Some examples of American shows re-created in the United Kingdom are The Apprentice and The Price Is Right. The Apprentice is a television franchise that originated in 2004 in the United States. Widely Known Facts The Price Is Right is an American Television Game show that is currently owned by the FremantleMedia Popular American shows that are also popular in the United Kingdom include: The Simpsons, Friends, The West Wing, Will & Grace, Scrubs, Family Guy and the CSI: series. Friends was an Will & Grace is a popular Emmy Award -winning American television sitcom that was originally broadcast on NBC from 1998 to 2006 Scrubs is an Emmy and Peabody Award -winning American Comedy-drama that premiered on October 2 2001 on NBC. Family Guy is an animated American television sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane that airs on Fox and regularly on other CSI Crime Scene Investigation is an American crime drama Television series that trails the investigations of a team of Las Vegas Many British actors appear on American television and vice-versa, for example:

The BBC airs two television networks in the US, BBC America and BBC World. Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American serial drama television series. Henry Ian Cusick (born Henry Ian Cusick Chávez; April 17, 1967) There he attended Presentation College Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (born 22 August 1967 is an English Actor, Solicitor and former male fashion model. Dominic Bernard Patrick Luke Monaghan (born 8 December 1976) is an English Actor. Marsha Thomason (born January 19, 1976 in Moston, Manchester, England) is an English actress, who is best Sonya Walger (born June 6, 1974) is a British actress, perhaps best known for her revealing role in the controversial HBO series Boston Legal is an American Legal drama - Comedy created by David E Tara Summers is a British actress from London, England active in the United States. Saffron Dominique Burrows (born October 21, 1972) is an English actress and former Fashion model. ER is an Emmy Award -winning American Medical drama series created by Novelist Michael Crichton and airing on Parminder Kaur Nagra DLitt (ਪਰਮਿੰਦਰ ਕੌਰ ਨਾਗਰਾ (born October 5, 1975 in Leicester, England) is an Alexandra Kingston (born 11 March 1963 is an English actress most widely known for her role as Elizabeth Corday on the NBC medical drama ER Prison Break is an American action / Serial drama television series that premiered on the Fox Broadcasting Company on August 29 2005 Dominic Haakon Myrtvedt Purcell (born 17 February 1970 is a British-born Australian actor most active in the United States Wentworth Earl Miller III (born June 2, 1972) is a Golden Globe -nominated British -born American actor who rose to stardom following 24 is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American action Drama Television series. Sandrine Holt (born November 19, 1972, in London, England) ( Chinese: 何家蓓 Pinyin: Hé Jiābèi originally Desperate Housewives is an American Television Dramedy series created by Marc Cherry, who also serves as Show runner, and produced Nicollette Sheridan (born November 21, 1963) is a Golden Globe -nominated British -born American Actress. Dougray Scott (born 25 November 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor The term " franchise " is commonly used to describe a number of related American Television programs created by Anthony E Louise Lombard ( Louise Maria Perkins born on 13 September, 1970) is an English actress. CSI Crime Scene Investigation is an American crime drama Television series that trails the investigations of a team of Las Vegas Claire Forlani (born July 1, 1972) is an English film and television actress. CSI NY is an American Police procedural Television series, which premiered on September 22, 2004. Sonya Walger (born June 6, 1974) is a British actress, perhaps best known for her revealing role in the controversial HBO series CSI NY is an American Police procedural Television series, which premiered on September 22, 2004. Marianne Raigipcien Jean-Baptiste (born 26 April 1967) is an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -nominated British actress Without a Trace is an American television show set in New York City. David Keith McCallum Jr (born September 19, 1933) is a prolific Scottish actor and the son of concertmaster violinist David McCallum Sr NCIS, promoted as Navy NCIS in its first season aka Navy NCIS Naval Criminal Investigative Service or NCIS Naval Criminal Santiago Cabrera (born May 5, 1978) is a Chilean Actor, raised in and currently residing in London, England. Heroes is an American Science fiction television drama series created by Tim Kring, which premiered on NBC on September Ashley Samantha Jensen (born 11 August 1969) is an Emmy Award -nominated Scottish Actress, best known for her roles in Extras Ugly Betty is an American television Comedy-drama series starring America Ferrera in the title role along with Eric Mabius James Hugh Calum Laurie, OBE (born June 11, 1959) is an English Actor, Comedian, Writer and Musician House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. John Oliver can refer to John Oliver (comedian a British political comedian John Oliver (conductor, founder and conductor of the Tanglewood The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show Damian Watcyn Lewis (born 11 February, 1971) is a Golden Globe -nominated English Actor and producer. Life is an American television drama created by Rand Ravich, who also serves as executive producer alongside Far Shariat, David BBC America is an American Television network owned and operated by BBC Worldwide Americas, and available on both cable and satellite Also, the BBC and PBS share many collaborations and rebroadcasts: eg: Monty Python's Flying Circus, Doctor Who, Nova and Masterpiece Theatre, etc. Monty Python’s Flying Circus (also known as Flying Circus or during the final series just Monty Python) is a BBC Sketch comedy Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. A nova (pl novae or novas) is a Cataclysmic nuclear explosion caused by the accretion of hydrogen onto the surface of a White Masterpiece (formerly known as Masterpiece Theatre) is a drama Anthology television series produced by WGBH Boston.

On some British digital television platforms, it is also possible to watch American channels direct from the United States such as Fox News, as well as American Channels setup for a British audience, such as CNBC Europe, ABC1, NASN, ESPN Classic (UK),Paramount Comedy and FX (UK). CNBC Europe is a Business and financial news Television channel, the pan-European sister station of CNBC. ABC1 was a United Kingdom based television channel from Disney utilizing the branding of the Disney owned American network ABC. NASN, the North American Sports Network, is an European sports network focusing on professional sports of the United States and Canada. The British version of ESPN Classic launched on March 14, 2006 on Sky Digital Channel 442 the first channel in the UK under the ESPN Paramount Comedy can refer to a number of different comedy television channels operated by Viacom under the Paramount brand Paramount Comedy 1 FX is a TV channel in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, owned by Fox, launched in 12 January 2004 and originally The Super Bowl has been aired in the United Kingdom since 1983, and was aired on free television on ITV in 2007. professional American football, the Super Bowl is the Championship game of the National Football League (NFL Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent London was also the venue for the first competitive NFL game ever to be played outside North America in October 2007.

Newspapers

British Sunday broadsheet newspaper the The Observer includes a condensed copy of The New York Times. Broadsheet is the largest of the various Newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22 inches or more The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The [17]

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ^ Perkins (1955)
  2. ^ Allen (1954)
  3. ^ Adams (1925)
  4. ^ Campbell, Anglo-American Understanding 1898-1903 (1957), p. 340.
  5. ^ Dignan 1971
  6. ^ Allen (1954)
  7. ^ Allen (1954); Hollowell; Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Relations (2001)
  8. ^ Charmley. Churchill's Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940-57 (1996); Hollowell; Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Relations (2001)
  9. ^ Hollowell, Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Relations (2001)
  10. ^ Simon Jenkins, "American Involvement In The Falklands" The Economist, 3rd March 1984
  11. ^ Hollowell, Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Relations (2001)
  12. ^ Shawcross (2004)
  13. ^ Sometimes, I pretend I am Canadian (HTML). Helen Kirwan-Taylor. Retrieved on 2007-07-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to
  14. ^ UK hints at foreign policy shift (HTML). BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-07-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to
  15. ^ FT.com / Home UK / UK - Ties that bind: Bush, Brown and a different relationship
  16. ^ US Department of State, Background Note on the United Kingdom
  17. ^ THE OBSERVER TO FEATURE NEW YORK TIMES WEEKLY SUPPLEMENT | Press office | guardian.co.uk

References

See also

External links

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