Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" (hook). For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. A fish hook is a device for catching Fish either by impaling them in the mouth or more rarely by snagging the body of the fish
The hook is usually attached by a line to a fishing rod. A fishing line is a cord used or made for Fishing. Important parameters of a fishing line are its length material and weight (thicker sturdier lines are more visible to fish A fishing rod or a fishing pole is a Tool used to catch fish, usually in conjunction with the Sport of Angling, can also be used in A bite indicator such as a float is sometimes used. A float (sometimes also called a bobber) is a device used in Angling, which serves two purposes A float (sometimes also called a bobber) is a device used in Angling, which serves two purposes The rod is usually fitted with a fishing reel that functions as a mechanism for storing, retrieving and paying out the line. A fishing reel is a device used for the deployment and retrieval of Fishing line using a spool mounted on an Axle. The hook can be dressed with lures or bait. In terms of Recreational fishing, a lure is an object attached to the end of the Fishing line and designed to resemble and move like an item of Fish Prey Bait is any substance used to attract Prey, eg in a Mousetrap. Angling is a principal method of sport fishing, but commercial fisheries also use angling methods such as longlining or trolling. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. Commercial fishing, also known as industrial fishing, is the activity of capturing Fish and other Seafood for commercial Profit, mostly For other meanings of "longline" see Longline. Longline fishing is a commercial Fishing technique that uses hundreds or even For other uses see troll. Trolling is a method of Fishing where one or more Fishing lines baited with lures or
Catch and release fishing is increasingly practised by recreational fishers. Catch and release is a practice within Recreational Fishing intended as a technique of conservation. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. In many parts of the world, size limits apply to certain species, meaning fish below a certain size must, by law, be released. The minimum landing size (MLS is the smallest length at which it is legal to keep or sell a fish Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two
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Introduction
The species of fish pursued by anglers vary with geography. Among the many species of salt water fish that are caught for sport are swordfish, marlin, tuna, salmon and halibut. Seawater is Water from a Sea or Ocean. On average seawater in the world's oceans has a Salinity of about 3 Swordfish ( Xiphias gladius) are large highly migratory Predatory Fish characterized by a long flat bill. Marlin, Istiophoridae, is a member of a larger grouping of marine Fishes known as "billfish" of which several are popular in Big-game fishing Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. A halibut is a type of Flatfish In North America, the most popular fresh water sport species include bass, pike, walleye, muskellunge, yellow perch, trout, salmon, catfish, crappie, bluegill and sunfish. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Bass (ˈbæs is a name shared by many different species of popular Gamefish. The walleye (common US name or yellow pickerel (Canada ( Sander vitreus vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) is a freshwater Perciform The muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, is also known as the muskie, musky or maskinonge. The yellow perch ( Perca flavescens) is a species of Perch found in the United States and Canada, where it is often referred to by the shortform Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. Catfish ( order Siluriformes) are a very diverse group of bony Fish. "Calico Bass" redirects here For the marine fish see Kelp Bass. For the exoatmospheric nuclear test refer to Bluegill (nuclear test. Lepomis is a Genus of Freshwater Fish in the sunfish family (family Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes In Europe, a large number of anglers fish for species such as carp, pike, tench, rudd, roach, European perch and barbel (especially in stillwaters). Carp is a common name for various Freshwater Fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large For the submarine class see Tench class submarine. The tench or doctor fish ( Tinca tinca) is a Freshwater The European perch ( Perca fluviatilis) is a highly predatory species of Perch found in Europe and Asia. Barbus barbus is a species of freshwater Fish in the Cyprinidae family of Minnows and Carps. Although some fish are sought for their value as food, others are pursued for their fighting abilities or for the difficulty of pursuit. Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such
Hooks
The use of the hook in angling is descended, historically, from what would today be called a "gorge. " The word "gorge", in this context, comes from an archaic word meaning "throat. " Gorges were used by ancient peoples to capture fish. A gorge was a long, thin piece of bone or stone attached by its midpoint to a thin line. The gorge would be fixed with a bait so that it would rest parallel to the lay of the line. When a fish would swallow the bait, a tug on the line would cause the gorge to orient itself at right angles to the line, thereby sticking in the fish's gullet. The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in
Baits
Which of the various techniques an angler may choose is dictated mainly by the target species and by its habitat. Angling can be separated into two main categories: using either artificial or natural baits.
Artificial baits
Many people prefer to fish solely with lures, which are artificial baits designed to entice fish to strike. In terms of Recreational fishing, a lure is an object attached to the end of the Fishing line and designed to resemble and move like an item of Fish Prey The artificial bait angler uses a man-made lure that may or may not represent prey. The lure may require a specialised presentation to impart an enticing action as, for example, in fly fishing. Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient Angling method most renowned as a method for catching Trout and Salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of A common way to fish a soft plastic worm is the Texas Rig. The Texas Rig is a technique used for Fishing soft plastic lures It involves a bullet-shaped weight being threaded onto the Fishing line first followed
Natural baits
The natural bait angler, with few exceptions, will use a common prey species of the fish as an attractant. The natural bait used may be alive or dead. Common natural baits include worms, leeches, minnows, frogs, salamanders, and insects. Earthworm is the usual name for the largest members of Oligochaeta (which is either a class or subclass depending on the author in the phylum Annelida In classical Leeches are Annelids comprising the Subclass Hirudinea. There are freshwater terrestrial and marine leeches The family Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek κυπρῖνος ( kuprīnos "carp" consists of the Carps This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. Salamander (orig from Persian: sām, "fire" and andarūn, "within" is the common name for a group of approximately 500 Species Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Natural baits are effective due to the lifelike texture, odour and colour of the bait presented.
The common earthworm is a universal bait for fresh water angling. Grubs and maggots are also considered excellent bait when trout fishing. Maggot is the common name of the Larval phase of development in insects of the order Diptera (flies Grasshoppers, bees and even ants are also used as bait for trout in their season, although many anglers believe that trout or salmon roe is superior to any other bait. Grasshoppers are Insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea Ants are social Insects of the family Formicidae and along with the related families of Wasps and Bees belong to the order Roe or hard roe is the fully ripe internal ovaries or egg masses of Fish and certain marine Animals such as Shrimp, Scallop In lakes in southern climates such as Florida, fish such as bream will take bread bait. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Lepomis is a Genus of Freshwater Fish in the sunfish family (family Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes Bread bait is a small amount of bread, often moistened by saliva, balled up to a small size that is bite size to small fish.
Roe is considered an excellent bait for trout, salmon and many other fresh water fish.
Spreading disease
The capture, transportation and culture of bait fish can spread damaging organisms between ecosystems, endangering them. An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants animals and micro-organisms( Biotic factors in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( In 2007, several states, including Michigan, enacted regulations designed to slow the spread of fish diseases, including viral hemorrhagic septicemia, by bait fish. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS is a deadly infectious Fish disease caused by the Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV or VHSv [1]
Anglers may increase the possibility of contamination by emptying bait buckets into fishing venues and collecting or using bait improperly. The transportation of fish from one location to another can break the law and cause the introduction of fish alien to the ecosystem. An introduced species (also known as naturalized species or exotic species) is an Organism that is not indigenous to a given location but
Fishing seasons
Fishing seasons are set by countries or localities to indicate what kinds of fish may be caught during sport fishing (also known as angling) for a certain period of time. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. Fishing seasons are enforced to maintain ecological balance and to protect species of fish during their spawning period during which they are easier to catch. Spawning is the production or depositing of large quantities of eggs in water
Tournaments and derbies
Sometimes considered within the broad category of angling is where contestants compete for prizes based on the total length or weight of a fish, usually of a pre-determined species, caught within a specified time (fishing tournaments). A tournament (IPA) is a Competition involving a relatively large number of competitors all participating in a Sport or Game. Such contests have evolved from local fishing contests into large competitive circuits, where professional anglers are supported by commercial endorsements. Professional anglers are not engaged in commercial fishing, even though they gain an economic reward. Similar competitive fishing exists at the amateur level with fishing derbies. In general, derbies are distinguished from tournaments; derbies normally require fish to be killed. Tournaments normally deduct points if fish can not be released alive.
Laws and regulations
Laws and regulations managing angling vary greatly, often regionally, within countries. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society This article is for the legal term For regulation of genes see Regulation of gene expression. These commonly include permits (licences), closed periods (seasons) where specific species are unavailable for harvest, restrictions on gear types, and quotas. Individual fishing quotas (popularly abbreviated to IFQ) are one kind of catch share a means by which many governments have tried to regulate fishing
Laws generally prohibit catching fish with hooks other than in the mouth (snagging or foul hooking) or the use of nets other than as an aid in landing a captured fish. Some species, such as bait fish, may be taken with nets, and a few for food. Bait fish are small fish caught for use as bait to attract large predatory fish particularly Game fish. Sometimes, (non-sport) fish are considered of lesser value and it may be permissible to take them by methods like snagging, bow and arrow, or spear. None of these techniques fall under the definition of angling since they do not rely upon the use of a hook and line.
Catch and release
Catch and release fishing is increasingly practised, especially by fly anglers. Catch and release is a practice within Recreational Fishing intended as a technique of conservation. The general principle is that releasing fish allows them to survive, thus avoiding unintended depletion of the population. For species such as marlin and muskellunge but, also, among few bass anglers, there is a cultural taboo against killing fish for food. A taboo is a strong Social prohibition (or ban) against words objects actions or discussions that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group culture In many parts of the world, size limits apply to certain species, meaning fish below a certain size must, by law, be released. It is generally believed that larger fish have a greater breeding potential. Some fisheries have a slot limit that allows the taking of smaller and larger fish, but requiring that intermediate sized fish be released. It is generally accepted that this management approach will help the fishery create a number of large, trophy-sized fish. In smaller fisheries that are heavily fished, catch and release is the only way to ensure that catchable fish will be available from year to year.
The practice of catch and release is criticised by some who consider it unethical to inflict pain upon a fish for purposes of sport. Bonito (Spanish and Portuguese for "beautiful" is a name given to various species of medium-sized Predatory fish of the genus Sarda, in the Mackerel Some of those who object to releasing fish do not object to killing fish for food. Adherents of catch and release dispute this charge, pointing out that fish commonly feed on hard and spiky prey items, and as such can be expected to have tough mouths, and also that some fish will re-take a lure they have just been hooked on, a behaviour that is unlikely if hooking were painful. Opponents of catch and release fishing would find it preferable to ban or to severely restrict angling. On the other hand, proponents state that catch-and-release is necessary for many fisheries to remain sustainable, is a practice that that generally has high survival rates, and consider the banning of angling as not reasonable or necessary. [2]
In some jurisdictions, in the Canadian province of Manitoba, for example, catch and release is mandatory for some species such as brook trout. The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116 sq mi of North America The brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, (sometimes called the eastern brook trout, Adirondack coaster lake trout) is a Species of Fish Many of the jurisdictions which mandate the live release of sport fish also require the use of artificial lures and barbless hooks to minimise the chance of injury to fish. Mandatory catch and release also exists in the Republic of Ireland where it was introduced as a conservation measure to prevent the decline of Atlantic salmon stocks on some rivers. [3]
Barbless hooks, which can be created from a standard hook by removing the barb with pliers or can be bought, are sometimes resisted by anglers because they believe that increased escapement results. Barbless hooks reduce handling time, thereby increasing survival. Concentrating on keeping the line taut while fighting fish, using recurved point or "triple grip" style hooks on lures, and equipping lures that do not have them with split rings can significantly reduce escapement.
Capacity for pain
- See also: Do lobster feel pain?
Animal protection advocates have raised concerns about the possible suffering of fish caused by angling. Clawed lobsters compose a family ( Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine Crustaceans Lobsters are economically important as In light of recent research, some countries, like Germany, have banned specific types of fishing and the British RSPCA now formally prosecutes individuals who are cruel to fish. [4]
Experiments done by William Tavolga provide evidence that fish have pain and fear responses. For instance, in Tavolga’s experiments, toadfish grunted when electrically shocked and over time they came to grunt at the mere sight of an electrode. [5] Additional tests conducted at both the University of Edinburgh and the Roslin Institute, in which bee venom and acetic acid was injected into the lips of rainbow trout, resulted in fish rubbing their lips along the sides and floors of their tanks, which the researchers believe was an effort to relieve themselves of pain. [6] These tests have been dismissed by some defenders of angling, as fishing hooks do not contain acid or venom. These test have also been criticised as hypocritical in that they themselves cause apparent distress to fish. One researcher argues about the definition of pain used in the studies. [7]
See also
- Fly fishing
- Annotated bibliography of fly fishing
- Fishing rod
- Bamboo fly rods
- Fishing reel
- Fishing line
- Fish hook
- Fishing lure
- Trout worms
- Gaff
- Sinker
- Troll (angling)
References
- ^ [ http://michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10371_10402-170245--,00.html DNR Fishing Regulation Changes Reflect Disease Management Concerns with VHS]
- ^ Understanding the Complexity of Catch and Release in Recreational Fishing: An Integrative Synthesis of Global Knowledge from Historical, Ethical, Social, and Biological Perspectives [1] Published in Reviews in Fisheries Science, Volume 15, Issue 1 & 2 January 2007 , pages 75 - 167 Authors: Robert Arlinghaus; Steven J. Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient Angling method most renowned as a method for catching Trout and Salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of This Annotated bibliography is intended to list both notable and not so notable works of English language non-fiction and fiction related to the sport of Fly fishing A fishing rod or a fishing pole is a Tool used to catch fish, usually in conjunction with the Sport of Angling, can also be used in A bamboo fly rod or a split cane rod is a Fly fishing rod that is made from Bamboo also referred to as cane A fishing reel is a device used for the deployment and retrieval of Fishing line using a spool mounted on an Axle. A fishing line is a cord used or made for Fishing. Important parameters of a fishing line are its length material and weight (thicker sturdier lines are more visible to fish A fish hook is a device for catching Fish either by impaling them in the mouth or more rarely by snagging the body of the fish In terms of Recreational fishing, a lure is an object attached to the end of the Fishing line and designed to resemble and move like an item of Fish Prey A plastic worm (or trout worm) is a plastic fishing lure generally made to simulate an earthworm In Fishing, a gaff is a pole with a sharp hook on the end that is used to stab a large Fish and then lift the fish into the boat A sinker or a plummet is a Weight used in Fishing to force a lure / bait to sink more rapidly or to increase the distance that it may For other uses see troll. Trolling is a method of Fishing where one or more Fishing lines baited with lures or Catch and release is a practice within Recreational Fishing intended as a technique of conservation. Cooke; Jon Lyman; David Policansky; Alexander Schwab; Cory Suski; Stephen G. Sutton; Eva B. Thorstad
- ^ Fishing in Ireland Catch and Release for Atlantic Salmon
- ^ Leake, J. “Anglers to Face RSPCA Check,” The Sunday Times – Britain, 14 March 2004
- ^ Dunayer, Joan, "Fish: Sensitivity Beyond the Captor's Grasp," The Animals' Agenda, July/August 1991, pp. 12-18
- ^ Vantressa Brown, “Fish Feel Pain, British Researchers Say,” Agence France-Presse, 1 May 2003
- ^ “Do fish have nociceptors: Evidence for the evolution of a vertebrate sensory system”, 2003 by Sneddon, Braithwaite and Gentle. A critique of the paper by James D. Rose, Ph.D. Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming
External links
- Project Gutenberg: The Compleat Angler
- How to fish taken from the Boy's Own Book of Outdoor Sports (early 1900s)
Dictionary
angling
-verb
- (fishing) Present participle of angle.
-noun
- A form of fishing, with a rod, line and angle (hook) for recreation or sport.
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