Angioplasty is the technique of mechanical widening a narrowed or totally obstructed blood vessel; typically as a result of atherosclerosis. The International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI is a system of classifying Procedure codes being developed by the World Health Organization. ICD-9-CM Volume 3 is a system of Procedural codes. It is a subset of ICD-9-CM (volumes 1 and 2 are used for Diagnostic codes. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Procedure codes are numbers or alphanumeric codes used to identify specific health interventions taken by medical professionals The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body Atherosclerosis is a Disease affecting arterial Blood vessels It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries in large part due to the accumulation Tightly folded balloons are passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size using water pressures some 75 to 500 times normal blood pressure (6 to 20 atmospheres)".

The word is composed of the medical combining forms of the Greek words aggeîos meaning "vessel" and plastós meaning "formed" or "moulded". Koine Greek (Κοινὴ Ἑλληνική, "common Greek" or, ciˈni ðiˈale̞kto̞s "the common dialect" is the popular form of Greek which emerged in Angioplasty has come to include all manner of vascular interventions typically performed in a minimally invasive or percutaneous method. The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body In Surgery, percutaneous pertains to any medical procedure where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin rather than by using an "open"

Coronary angioplasty

A coronary angiogram (an X-ray with radio-opaque contrast in the coronary arteries) that shows the left coronary circulation. A coronary catheterization is a Minimally invasive procedure to access the Coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the Heart using a Catheter Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the Blood vessels that supply Blood to and from the Heart muscle The distal left main coronary artery (LMCA) is in the left upper quadrant of the image. The left coronary artery, abbreviated LCA and also known as the left main coronary artery (often abbreviated LMCA) arises from the aorta above the Its main branches (also visible) are the left circumflex artery (LCX), which courses top-to-bottom initially and then toward the centre-bottom, and the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, which courses from left-to-right on the image and then courses down the middle of the image to project underneath the distal LCX. The "LCX" or left circumflex artery (or circumflex artery, or circumflex branch of the Left coronary artery) is an Artery of the The "LAD" or left anterior descending artery (or anterior interventricular branch of the Left coronary artery, or anterior descending branch) The LAD, as is usual, has two large diagonal branches, which arise at the centre-top of the image and course toward the centre-right of the image.

Main article: Percutaneous coronary intervention

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), commonly known as coronary angioplasty is a therapeutic procedure to treat the stenotic (narrowed) coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) commonly known as coronary angioplasty or simply Angioplasty, is a therapeutic procedure to treat A stenosis ( Plural: stenoses; from Ancient Greek στένωσις "narrowing" is an abnormal narrowing in a Blood vessel Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the Blood vessels that supply Blood to and from the Heart muscle The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding These stenotic segments are due to the build up of cholesterol-laden plaques that form due to atherosclerosis. Cholesterol is a Lipid found in the Cell membranes and transported in the Blood plasma of all Animals It is an essential component of mammalian Atherosclerosis is a Disease affecting arterial Blood vessels It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries in large part due to the accumulation PCI is usually performed by an interventional cardiologist. Interventional cardiology is a branch of the medical specialty of Cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural Heart diseases

Peripheral angioplasty

Peripheral angioplasty refers to the use of mechanical widening in opening blood vessels other than the coronary arteries. It is often called percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or PTA for short. PTA is most commonly done to treat narrowings in the leg arteries, especially the common iliac, external iliac, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. PTA can also be done to treat narrowings in veins, etc.

Renal artery angioplasty

Atherosclerotic obstruction of the renal artery can be treated with angioplasty of the renal artery (percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, PTRA). The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the Abdominal aorta, immediately below the Superior mesenteric artery, and supply the Kidneys with Renal artery stenosis can lead to hypertension and loss of renal function. Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of the Renal artery, most often caused by Atherosclerosis or Fibromuscular dysplasia. Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated Renal failure or kidney

Carotid angioplasty

Generally, carotid artery stenosis is treated with angioplasty and stenting for high-risk patients in many hospitals. In Human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an Artery that supplies the head and neck with Oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the In Medicine, a stent is a tube that is inserted into a natural conduit of the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced localized flow constriction It has changed since the FDA has approved the first carotid stent system (Cordis) in July 2004 and the second (Guidant) in August 2004. The system comprises a stent along with an embolic capture device designed to reduce or trap emboli and clot debris. In Medicine, an embolism occurs when an object (the embolus, plural emboli) migrates from one part of the Body (through circulation Angioplasty and stenting is increasingly being used to also treat carotid stenosis, with success rates similar to carotid endarterectomy surgery. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA is a surgical procedure used to correct Carotid stenosis (narrowing of the Carotid artery lumen by Atheroma) used Simple angioplasty without stenting is falling out of favor in this vascular bed. SAPPHIRE, a large trial comparing carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting with the Cordis stent found stenting non-inferior to carotid endarterectomy. ^[1]

See also

• Angiogram
• Charles Dotter
• Vascular surgery

References

External links

• Angioplasty.Org, celebrating a decade of independent cardiology news and education
• Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe
• Cardiovillage, cardiovascular education online
• National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Diseases and Conditions Index
• Overview Coronary Artery Disease Treatment - Coronary Interventions ANGIOPLASTY, STENTS AND ATHERECTOMY (Cleveland Clinic)