| Rt Hon Andrew Fisher | |
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| In office 13 November 1908 – 2 June 1909 |
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| Constituency | Wide Bay (Queensland) |
| Preceded by | Alfred Deakin |
| Succeeded by | Alfred Deakin |
| In office 29 April 1910 – 24 June 1913 |
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| Preceded by | Alfred Deakin |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Cook |
| In office 17 September 1914 – 27 October 1915 |
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| Preceded by | Joseph Cook |
| Succeeded by | Billy Hughes |
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| Born | 29 August 1862 Crosshouse (Kilmaurs), Scotland |
| Died | 22 October 1928 (aged 66) |
| Political party | Labor |
Andrew Fisher (29 August 1862 – 22 October 1928) was an Australian politician and the fifth Prime Minister of Australia. The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Division of Wide Bay is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919 Australian politician was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919 Australian politician was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919 Australian politician was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister For the actor Joe Cook see Joe Cook (actor. Sir Joseph Cook, GCMG (7 December 1860 &ndash 30 July 1947 was an Australian Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year For the actor Joe Cook see Joe Cook (actor. Sir Joseph Cook, GCMG (7 December 1860 &ndash 30 July 1947 was an Australian William Morris 'Billy' Hughes, CH, KC (25 September 1862 &ndash 28 October 1952 Australian politician was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Kilmaurs ( Scottish Gaelic: Cille Mhàra) is a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. Fisher's 1910-13 ministry completed a vast legislative programme which made him, along with Protectionist Alfred Deakin, the founder of the statutory structure of the new nation. The Protectionist Party was an Australian political party formally organised from 1889 until 1909 with policies centred on Protectionism. Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919 Australian politician was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister According to D. J. Murphy, "his contemporaries saw him as honest and trustworthy, but surpassed by Billy Hughes in wit, oratory and brilliance. William Morris 'Billy' Hughes, CH, KC (25 September 1862 &ndash 28 October 1952 Australian politician was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia Fisher's record however reveals a legacy of reforms and national development which lasted beyond the divisions that Hughes left in the Labor Party and in Australia".
Fisher's second Prime Ministership in 1910 represented a number of firsts: it was Australia's first federal majority government; Australia's first Senate majority; the world's first Labour Party majority government; the first time the Labour Party had controlled any house of a legislature; and the first time it controlled both houses of a bicameral legislature. Andrew Fisher (29 August 1862 – 22 October 1928 was an Australian Politician and the fifth Prime Minister of Australia. In the Westminster System, there is a majority government when the governing party enjoys an Absolute majority of seats in the Legislature or The Senate is the upper of the two houses of the Parliament of Australia. [1]
Contents |
Early life
Fisher was born in Crosshouse, a mining village near Kilmaurs, East Ayrshire, Scotland. Kilmaurs ( Scottish Gaelic: Cille Mhàra) is a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland. East Ayrshire ( Siorrachd Inbhir Àir an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. He was one of seven children of Robert Fisher and Jane Garvin. Fisher's education consisted of some primary schooling, some night schooling, and the reading of books in the library of the cooperative his father had helped to establish. He began working at the age of 10 in the Crosshouse coal mines. At 17 he was elected secretary of the local branch of the Ayrshire Miners' Union. [2] This was the first step in a career of activism that eventually led him into politics. [3]
His activism resulted in his being blacklisted by the colliery and so, unable to find work, Fisher and his brother migrated to Queensland in 1885. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent Despite leaving his homeland Fisher is said to haved retained a distinctive Scottish accent for the rest of his life. [3] Here, Fisher worked as a miner, first in Burrum and then in Gympie. The town of Gympie is located in south eastern Queensland, Australia, and is approximately 160 kilometres north of the state capital Brisbane He was active in the Amalgamated Miners Union, becoming President of the Gympie branch by 1891,[3] and was part owner of a labour newspaper, the Gympie Truth, founded in 1896. [1][4]
In 1891, Fisher was elected as the first president of the Gympie branch of the Labour Party and in 1893 he was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly as Labour member for Gympie. The Queensland Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral chamber of the Parliament of Queensland. Gympie is an electoral district of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He lost his seat in 1896, but won it back in 1899. In that year he was Secretary for Railways and Public Works in the seven-day government of Anderson Dawson, the first parliamentary socialist government in the world. Andrew Dawson (16 July 1863 – 20 July 1910 usually known as Anderson Dawson, was an Australian politician the Premier of Queensland for one week (1-7 [1]
Member of Parliament
The state Labour parties and their MPs were mixed in their support for the Federation of Australia. The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South [5] However Fisher was a firm federationist, supporting the union of the Australian colonies and campaigned for the 'Yes' vote in Queensland's 1899 referendum. [1] Fisher stood for the electorate of Wide Bay at the inaugural 1901 federal election and won the seat, which he held continuously for the rest of his political career. The Division of Wide Bay is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. Background Following the federation of 1856 - New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria 1857 - South Australia [3] At the end of 1901 Fisher married Margaret Irvine, his previous landlady's daughter. [2]
Labour improved their position at the 1903 election, gaining enough seats to be on par with the Protectionists. Electorates Candidates were contesting 75 House of Representatives and 36 Senate seats a number unchanged from the 1901 election When the Deakin government resigned in 1904, George Reid of the Free Trade Party declined to take office, resulting in Labour taking power and Chris Watson becoming Labour's first Prime Minister. George Reid may refer to George Reid (soldier (1733&ndash1815 American Revolutionary War general Sir George Reid (Scottish artist The Free Trade Party (officially Australian Free Trade and Liberal Association) renamed in 1906 as the Anti-Socialist Party, was an Australian political John Christian Watson (9 April 1867 – 18 November 1941 commonly known as Chris Watson, Australian politician was the third Prime Minister of Australia Fisher established himself as one of Labour's most prominent leaders as Minister for Trade and Customs in the Watson Labour government of 1904. The Australian Minister for Trade has been the Hon Simon Crean since December 2007 The Watson Ministry was the third Australian Commonwealth ministry, and ran from 27 April 1904 to 17 August 1904.
At the 1906 election, Deakin remained Prime Minister even though Labour gained considerably more seats than the Protectionists. When Watson resigned in 1907, Fisher succeeded him as Labour leader, although Hughes and William Spence also stood for the position. William Guthrie Spence ( 7 August 1846 - 13 December 1926) Australian Trade union leader and politician played a Fisher was considered to have a better understanding of economic matters, was better at handling caucus, had better relations with the party organisation and the unions, and was more in touch with party opinion. [1]
Prime Minister
First government 1908-09
When Alfred Deakin's Protectionist government resigned in 1908, Fisher formed his first, minority, government. Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919 Australian politician was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister The Protectionist Party was an Australian political party formally organised from 1889 until 1909 with policies centred on Protectionism. In March 1909, he committed Labour to amending the Constitution to give the Commonwealth power over labour, wages and prices, to expanding the navy and providing compulsory military training, to extending pensions, to a land tax, to the construction of a transcontinental railway, to the replacement of pound sterling with Australian currency and to tariffs to protect the sugar industry. Military education and training is a process which intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles A pension is a steady income given to a person upon Retirement, typically in the form of a guaranteed annuity. Land value taxation (LVT (or site value taxation) is an Ad valorem tax where only the value of land itself is taxed Transcontinental Railroad is a Railroad that crosses a Continent from "coast-to-coast" The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas For other uses of this word see Tariff (disambiguation. A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary [6] In May, when he had been in office for eight months, the Protectionists and Freetraders, combined into a "Fusion", ousted him from office and he failed to persuade the Governor-General Lord Dudley to dissolve Parliament. For the modern Liberal Party of Australia see Liberal Party of Australia The Commonwealth Liberal Party (CLP also known as The Fusion William Humble Ward 2nd Earl of Dudley, GCB, GCMG, GCVO ( 25 May 1867 – 29 June 1932) styled Viscount [1]
Second government 1910-13
At the 1910 election, Labour gained seventeen additional seats to hold a total of forty-three of the seventy-five House of Representative seats, and all eighteen Senate seats up for election to hold a total of twenty-two out of thirty-six seats. This gave Labour control of both Houses and enabled Fisher to form Australia's first federal majority government, Australia's first Senate majority, and the world's first Labour Party majority government. In the Westminster System, there is a majority government when the governing party enjoys an Absolute majority of seats in the Legislature or [1] The 113 acts passed in the three years of the second Fisher government exceeded even the output of the second Deakin government over a similar period. [6]
Fisher carried out many reforms in defence, constitutional matters, finance, transport and communications, and social security, achieving the vast majority of his aims in his first government. These included such specifics as establishing old-age and disability pensions, a maternity allowance and workers compensation, issuing Australia's first paper currency, forming the Royal Australian Navy, the commencement of construction for the Trans-Australian Railway, expanding the bench of the High Court of Australia, founding Canberra and establishing the government-owned Commonwealth Bank. A pension is a steady income given to a person upon Retirement, typically in the form of a guaranteed annuity. Maternity is the social and legal acknowledgment of the parental relationship between a Mother and her Child. Workers' compensation (colloquially known as workers' comp in North America or compo in Australia) a form of Insurance that provides A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a The Royal Australian Navy ( RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. The Trans-Australian Railway is a railway line that crosses the Nullarbor Plain of Australia from Port Augusta in South Australia to The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. Canberra ( is the capital city of Australia With a population of over 340000 it is Australia's largest inland City. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia ( is the largest bank in Australia. [6]
Fisher wanted additional Commonwealth power in certain areas. The 1911 referendum asked two questions, on Legislative Powers and Monopolies. The 1911 Australian Referendum was held on 26 April 1911. It contained two referendum questions Both were defeated with 61 per cent voting 'No'. An additional six questions were asked at the 1913 referendum, on Trade and Commerce, Corporations, Industrial Matters, Trusts, Monopolies, and Railway Disputes. The 1913 Australian Referendum was held on 31 May 1913. It contained six referendum questions All six were defeated with around 51 per cent voting 'No'. Renamed 'Labor' by King O'Malley in 1912, Fisher's party was defeated at the 1913 election by a single seat to the Commonwealth Liberal Party, led by Joseph Cook. King O'Malley (July 1858 – 20 December 1953) was an Australian politician For the modern Liberal Party of Australia see Liberal Party of Australia The Commonwealth Liberal Party (CLP also known as The Fusion For the actor Joe Cook see Joe Cook (actor. Sir Joseph Cook, GCMG (7 December 1860 &ndash 30 July 1947 was an Australian [1]
Third government 1914-15
Labor retained control of the Senate, however, and in 1914 Cook, frustrated by the Labor controlled Senate's blocking of his legislation, recommended to the new Governor-General Sir Ronald Munro-Ferguson that both houses of the parliament be dissolved and elections called. The Senate is the upper of the two houses of the Parliament of Australia. Ronald Craufurd Munro-Ferguson 1st Viscount Novar, KT GCMG PC ( 6 March 1860 &ndash 30 March 1934) sixth This was Australia's first double dissolution election, and the only one until the 1951 election. This article deals with elections to the Australian Parliament. History In 1944, Sir Robert Menzies founded the Liberal Party of Australia (descended from the United Australia Party) The First World War had broken out in the middle of the 1914 election campaign, and Fisher campaigned on Labor's record of support for an independent Australian defence force. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He pledged that Australia would "stand beside the mother country to help and defend her to the last man and the last shilling. " Labor won the election and Fisher formed his third government, and an absolute majority in both houses. [1]
Fisher and his party were immediately underway in organising urgent defence measures for planning and implementing Australia’s war effort. Fisher visited New Zealand during this time which saw Billy Hughes as acting Prime Minister for two months. William Morris 'Billy' Hughes, CH, KC (25 September 1862 &ndash 28 October 1952 Australian politician was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia Fisher and Labor continued to implement promised peacetime legislation, including the River Murray Waters Act 1915, the Freight Arrangements Act 1915, the Sugar Purchase Act 1915, the Estate Duty Assessment and the Estate Duty acts in 1914. Wartime legislation in 1914 and 1915 included the War Precautions acts (giving the Governor-General power to make regulations for national security), a Trading with the Enemy Act, War Census acts, a Crimes Act, a Belgium Grant Act, and an Enemy Contracts Annulment Act. [6]
In October 1915, the journalist Keith Murdoch reported on the situation in Gallipoli at Fisher's request, and advised him, "Your fears have been justified". Sir Keith Arthur Murdoch ( August 12, 1885 - October 4, 1952) was an Australian Journalist and the father of Rupert He described the Dardanelles Expedition as being "a series of disastrous underestimations" and "one of the most terrible chapters in our history" concluding:
| “ | What I want to say to you now very seriously is that the continuous and ghastly bungling over the Dardanelles enterprise was to be expected from such a general staff as the British Army possesses . . . the conceit and self complacency of the red feather men are equalled only by their incapacity. | ” |
Fisher passed this report on to Hughes and to Defence Minister George Pearce and it led to the evacuation of the troops in December 1915, and to the Dardanelles Commission on which Fisher served, while High Commissioner in London. Sir George Foster Pearce, KCVO ( 14 January 1870 – 24 June 1952) was an Australian Politician who was instrumental The Dardanelles Commission was an investigation into the disastrous 1915 Dardanelles Campaign. [6]
Fisher resigned from the Prime Ministership and Parliament on 27 October 1915 after being absent from parliament without explanation for three sitting days. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [6] Three days later Labor Caucus unanimously elected Billy Hughes leader of the Federal Parliamentary Party. William Morris 'Billy' Hughes, CH, KC (25 September 1862 &ndash 28 October 1952 Australian politician was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia [7]
High Commissioner
Fisher served as Australia's second High Commissioner in London from 1 January 1916 to 1 January 1921. High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Fisher opposed conscription which made his dealings with Billy Hughes difficult. Hughes asked Fisher for support by cable three weeks before the first referendum, but Fisher cabled back "Am unable to sign appeal. Position forbids. " He subsequently refused to publicly comment on the issue. Hughes' 1916 and 1917 referendums on conscription both had a No majority of around one percent. The 1916 Australian plebiscite was held on 28 October 1916. It was the first Australian plebiscite, and contained one question concerning Military Service The 1917 Australian plebiscite was held on 20 December 1917. It contained one question Fisher visited Australian troops serving in Belgium and France in 1919, and later presented Pearce with an album of battlefield photos from 1917 and 1918, showing the horrendous conditions experienced by the troops. [8]
The Dardanelles Commission, including Fisher, interviewed witnesses in 1916 and 1917 and issued its final report issued in 1919. The Dardanelles Commission was an investigation into the disastrous 1915 Dardanelles Campaign. It concluded that the expedition was poorly planned and executed and that difficulties had been underestimated, problems which were exacerbated by supply shortages and by personality clashes and procrastination at high levels. Some 480,000 Allied troops had been dedicated to the failed campaign, with around half in casualties. The report's conclusions were regarded as insipid with no figures (political or military) heavily censured. The report of the Commission and information gathered by the inquiry remain a key source of documents on the campaign. [9][10]
Fisher wanted to continue to serve as High Commissioner in London when his term expired in 1921, but Hughes did not permit it. Despite calls by some Labor supporters in Australia for Fisher to return to Australia and re-enter politics, he lived in London through retirement until his death in 1928 at South Hill Park, Hampstead. Hampstead is an area of London, England, located north-west of Charing Cross. [1] He is buried at Fortune Green Cemetery in West Hampstead.
Honours
At the end of the First World War, France awarded him the Légion d'honneur, but he declined it. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. [1] The federal electorate of Fisher was named after him. The Division of Fisher is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. The Canberra suburb of Fisher was also created in his memory, with its streets reflecting a mining theme in honour of Fisher's occupation before entering public life. Fisher is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located in the district of Weston Creek. A memorial was unveiled by Ramsay MacDonald, Britain's first Labour Prime Minister, in Hampstead Cemetery in 1930. James Ramsay MacDonald ( 12 October 1866 &ndash 9 November 1937) was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A memorial garden was also dedicated to Fisher at his birthplace in the late 1970s. [8]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Murphy, D. The First Fisher Ministry was the seventh Australian Commonwealth ministry, and ran from 13 November 1908 to 2 June 1909. The Second Fisher Ministry was the ninth Australian Commonwealth ministry, and ran from 29 April 1910 to 24 June 1913. The Third Fisher Ministry was the eleventh Australian Commonwealth ministry, and ran from 17 September 1914 to 27 October 1915. The Prime Minister's Avenue is a collection of busts of the Prime Ministers of Australia, located at the Ballarat Botanical Gardens in Ballarat Victoria J. . Fisher, Andrew (1862 - 1928). Australian Dictionary of Biography. The Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB or AuDB is a multi-volume project published by Melbourne University Press. Australian National University. The Australian National University, commonly abbreviated to ANU, is a public Research university situated in Canberra, Australia. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
- ^ a b Andrew Fisher, before. Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. The National Archives of Australia is a body established by the Government of Australia for the purpose of preserving Commonwealth Government records Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
- ^ a b c d Fisher, Kathleen (2006) "From pit boy to prime minister: Andrew Fisher", in National Library of Australia News, XVI (9), June 2006, p. 16
- ^ Serle, Percival. Fisher, Andrew (1862 - 1928). Dictionary of Australian Biography. The Dictionary of Australian Biography, published in 1949, is a reference work by Percival Serle containing information on notable people associated with Project Gutenberg Australia. Project Gutenberg of Australia, abbreviated as PGA, is an Internet site which was founded in 2001 by Colin Choat Retrieved on 2007-05-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
- ^ Federation Political Groups—to 1901 and beyond. National Library of Australia. The National Library of Australia is the country's largest reference library responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national Retrieved on 2007-08-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne
- ^ a b c d e f Andrew Fisher, in office. Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. The National Archives of Australia is a body established by the Government of Australia for the purpose of preserving Commonwealth Government records Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
- ^ Fitzhardinge, L. F. (1983). Hughes, William Morris (Billy) (1862 - 1952). Australian Dictionary of Biography. The Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB or AuDB is a multi-volume project published by Melbourne University Press. Australian National University. The Australian National University, commonly abbreviated to ANU, is a public Research university situated in Canberra, Australia. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
- ^ a b Andrew Fisher, after. Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. The National Archives of Australia is a body established by the Government of Australia for the purpose of preserving Commonwealth Government records Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
- ^ First Word War.com Battles: The Gallipoli Front - An Overview. Firstworldwar. com (18 August 2002). Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
- ^ Fisher, Mackensie; Cawley; Clyde; Gwynn; May; Nicholson, Lord; Pickford; Roch (February 1917). First report (of the Dardanelles Commission) (Abstract). British Official Publications Collaborative Reader Information Service. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
References
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Fisher, Andrew |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Australian politician and fifth Prime Minister of Australia |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 29 August 1862 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Crosshouse, East Ayrshire, Scotland |
| DATE OF DEATH | 22 October 1928 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | South Hill Park, Hampstead, London, England |
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