Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev (Russian: Андрей Николаевич Туполев; November 10, 1888 – December 23, 1972) was a pioneering Soviet aircraft designer. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Contents |
Early life
Tupolev was born in Pustomazovo, Russia. During his career, he designed and oversaw the design of more than 100 types of aircraft, some of which set 78 world records. In recognition of his work, he was made an honorary member of Britain's Royal Aeronautical Society and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Founded in 1866 The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a multidisciplinary professional institution dedicated to the entire global Aerospace The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( AIAA) is the professional society for the field of Aerospace engineering.
Work at TsAGI
Tupolev was a leading light of the Moscow-based Central Aero and Hydrodynamics Institute (TsAGI; (Russian: Центральный аэро-гидродинамический институт; ЦАГИ)) from 1929 until his death in 1972. TsAGI is a transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т ( ЦАГИ) or " Ts Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Central Design Office or TsKB (Russian: Центральное конструкторское бюро; ЦКБ) based there produced bombers and some airliners, which in the years before World War II were based partially, especially in his 1930s-era designs, on the all-metal aircraft design concepts pioneered by Hugo Junkers. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them An airliner is a large Fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers Hugo Junkers ( 3 February 1859 - 3 February 1935) was an innovative German Engineer, as his many Patents As the number of qualified aircraft designers increased, Tupolev set up his own office, producing a number of designs designated with the prefix ANT (Russian: АНТ) from his initials. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages However, in 1937, Tupolev was arrested together with Vladimir Petlyakov on trumped up charges of plotting a "Russian Fascist Party. Vladimir Mikhailovich Petlyakov (Влади́мир Миха́йлович Петляко́в (6 " In 1939, he was moved from a prison to an NKVD sharaga for aircraft designers in Bol'shevo near Moscow, with many ex-TsAGI people already set to work. The NKVD ( НКВД, ru Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел ''Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del'') or People's Commissariat Sharashka (sometimes Sharaga or Sharazhka, шара́шка) was an informal name for secret Research and development Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of TsAGI is a transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т ( ЦАГИ) or " Ts The sharaga soon moved to Moscow and was dubbed "Tupolevka" after its most eminent inmate. Tupolev was tried and convicted in 1940 with a ten year sentence, but was released in 1944 "to conduct important defence work. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. " (He was not to be rehabilitated fully until two years after Stalin's 1953 death. Rehabilitation (реабилитация in the context of Soviet or Russian topics is often a linguistic False cognate used to translate the Russian Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party )
Main item in the important defence work was the reverse engineering of the USA's Boeing B-29 strategic bomber. Reverse engineering (RE is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device object or system through analysis of its structure function and operation The USSR had repeatedly asked, and been denied, lend-lease B-29s. Using three machines which landed in Siberia after bombing Japan in 1945, Tupolev succeeded in replicating the world's first nuclear delivery platform down to trivial detail. Moreover, he got it into volume production, with crews fully trained in time for the 1947 May Day parade. The copy was designated Tu-4, with many subsequent Tu aircraft having the number 4 in their designations. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Design of the Tu-95
By the time of his rehabilitation in 1955, Tupolev had designed and was about to start testing his unique turboprop strategic bomber, the Tu-95. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In the years to come, he beat off able competition from Vladimir Myasischev and his M-4 series of jet-powered strategic bombers. This was in part thanks to Tupolev's close rapport with Nikita Khrushchev who had denounced Stalin's terror, a victim of which Tupolev had been. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following
Commercial aviation
At about the same time, Tupolev introduced into service the world's second jet airliner, the Tu-104. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The aeroplane was the first jet transport to stay in uninterrupted service, and the only one in service anywhere in the world for two years until late 1958. It was followed by a series of Tu passenger jets, including the supersonic Tu-144, designed by Tupolev's son Alexei Tupolev (1925–2001). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Alexei Andreyevich Tupolev (Алексе́й Андре́евич Ту́полев May 20, 1925 &ndash May 12, 2001) was a Soviet
Loss of power in the Soviet Union
After Khruschev's removal from office in late 1964, the ageing Tupolev gradually lost positions at the centres of power to rivals. Though the prestige Tu-144 programme enjoyed top level support until 1973, as did the important Tu-154, these positions were never recovered, being largely taken up by Ilyushin. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Ilyushin (Илью́шин or Ilyushin Design Bureau is a Russian Design bureau and Aircraft Manufacturer (design office prefix
To his contemporaries, Tupolev was known as a witty but crude master of mat (a rapid-fire Russian male-speak infused with obscenity) who invariably and energetically insisted on fast and adequate technical fixes at the expense of scholastic ideal solutions. Mat (мат матерщи́на ма́терный язы́к is a Russian Patois language based on the use of specific generally unprintable Obscene words A hallmark of his was to get an aeroplane into service very rapidly; then began an often interminable process of improving the shortcomings of the "quick and dirty" initial design. To his competitors among the Soviet aircraft design community, he was known above all as politically astute; a shrewd and unforgiving rival.
Tupolev was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Novodevichy Cemetery (Новоде́вичье кла́дбище Novodevichye kladbishche is the most famous cemetery in Moscow, Russia, situated next to the Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
References
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic