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Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio
"Palladio" redirects here. For the classical music piece by Karl Jenkins, see Diamond Music. Released in 1996 Diamond Music is an Album by Welsh Composer Karl Jenkins.

Andrea Palladio (November 30, 1508 – August 19, 1580), was an Italian architect, widely considered the most influential person in the history of Western architecture. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction The History of architecture traces the changes in the History of Architecture through various countries and dates

Contents

Biography

He was born Andrea di Pietro della Gondola in Padova (Padua), then part of the Republic of Venice. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica Apprenticed as a stonecutter in Padova when he was 13, he broke his contract after only 18 months and fled to the nearby town of Vicenza. Vicenza, a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico Here he became an assistant in the leading workshop of stonecutters and masons. He frequented the workshop of Bartolomeo Cavazza, from whom he learned some of his skills.

His talents were first recognized in his early thirties by Count Gian Giorgio Trissino, who employed the young mason on a building project. Gian Giorgio Trissino ( July 8, 1478 - December 8, 1550) was an Italian Renaissance humanist, poet dramatist It was also Trissino who gave him the name by which he is now known, Palladio, an allusion to the Greek goddess of wisdom Pallas Athene. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. Palladio later benefited from the patronage of the Barbaro family, and in particular Daniele Barbaro who encouraged his studies of classical architecture in Rome. The Barbaro family is a patrician Venetian family Famous members include the brothers Daniele Barbaro and Marcantonio Barbaro, who were Daniele Matteo Alvise Barbaro (also Barbarus) ( February 8, 1514 -1570 was an Italian translator of and commentator on Vitruvius The term Classical architecture has a specific Archaeological meaning relating to the architecture of Classical Greece The Palladian style, named after him, adhered to classical Roman principles. PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE --> Palladian architecture is a European style of Architecture derived from the designs of the Italian The Architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the external Greek architecture for their own purposes which were so different from Greek buildings as to create a new (Palladio knew relatively little about Greek architecture). His architectural works have "been valued for centuries as the quintessence of High Renaissance calm and harmony" (Watkin, D. , A History of Western Architecture). Palladio designed many churches, villas, and palaces, especially in Venice, Vicenza and the surrounding area. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Vicenza, a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico A number of his works are protected as part of the World Heritage Site Palladian Villas of the Veneto. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto is a World Heritage Site protecting a cluster of works by the architect Andrea Palladio.


Façade of Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza.
Façade of Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza. Palazzo Chiericati is a Renaissance palace in Vicenza (northern Italy) designed by Andrea Palladio.

Cultural context

Palladio was chosen by the most powerful members of the Venetian society for numerous important commissions. His success as an architect is based not only on the beauty of his work, but also for its harmony with the culture of his time. His success and influence was a result of the integration of extraordinary aesthetic quality with expressive characteristics that resonated with his client's social aspirations. His buildings served to visually communicate their place in the social order of their culture. This integration of beauty and deep meaning is apparent in three major building types: the urban palazzo, the agricultural villa, and the church.

In his urban structures he developed a new improved version of the typical early renaissance palazzo (exemplified by the Palazzo Strozzi). The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Palazzo Strozzi is a palace in Florence, Italy. The Palace was begun in 1489 by Benedetto da Maiano, for Filippo Strozzi the Elder Adapting a new urban palazzo type created by Bramante in the House of Raphael, Palladio found a powerful expression of the importance of the owner and his social position. Donato Bramante (1444 – March 11, 1514) was an Italian Architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance The main living quarters of the owner on the second level are now clearly distinguished in importance by use of a flattened classical portico, centered and raised above the subsidiary and utilitarian ground level (illustrated in the Palazzo da Porto Festa and the Palazzo Valmarana Braga). The tallness of the portico is achieved by incorporating the owner's sleeping quarters on the third level, within a giant two story classical colonnade, a motif adapted from Michelangelo's Capitoline buildings in Rome. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The main floor level became known as the "piano nobile", and is still referred to as the "first floor" in continental Europe. The piano nobile is the principal Floor of a large House, usually built in one of the styles of classical renaissance architecture.

Villa Foscari "La Malcontenta", 1550-60
Villa Foscari "La Malcontenta", 1550-60

Palladio also established an influential new building format for the agricultural villas of the Venetian aristocracy. Villa Foscari is a patrician Villa in Mira, near Venice, northern Italy, designed by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio He consolidated the various stand-alone farm outbuildings into a single impressive structure, arranged as a highly organized whole dominated by a strong center and symmetrical side wings, as illustrated at Villa Barbaro. Villa Barbaro, also known as the Villa di Maser, is a large Villa at Maser in the Veneto region of northern Italy. The Palladian villa configuration often consists of a centralized block raised on an elevated podium, accessed by grand steps and flanked by lower service wings, as at Villa Foscari and Villa Badoer. Villa Foscari is a patrician Villa in Mira, near Venice, northern Italy, designed by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio Villa Badoer is a Villa in Fratta Polesine in the Veneto region of Italy This format, with the quarters of the owner at the elevated center of their own universe, found resonance as a prototype for Italian villas and later for the country estates of the English nobility (such as Lord Burlington's Chiswick House, Vanbrugh's Blenheim, Walpole's Houghton Hall, and Adam's Kedleston Hall). Chiswick House is a neo- Palladian Villa in Burlington Lane Chiswick, in the London Borough of Hounslow. Blenheim Palace  is a large and Monumental country house situated in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. Houghton Hall is a Country house in Norfolk, England. It was built for the de facto first British Prime Minister, Sir Robert Kedleston Hall is an English country house in Kedleston, Derbyshire, approximately four miles north-west of Derby, and is the seat of the The configuration was a perfect architectural expression of their perceived position in the social order of the times. His influence was extended worldwide into the British colonies. The Palladian villa format can seen at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello and as recently as 1940 in Pope's National Gallery in Washington DC, adapted to convey the importance of art. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence Monticello (mɒntəˈtʃɛloʊ located near Charlottesville, Virginia, was the estate of Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the United States The rustication of exposed basement walls of Victorian residences are a remnant of the Palladian podium.

Similarly, Palladio created a new configuration for the design of Roman Catholic churches that established two interlocking architectural orders, each clearly articulated, yet delineating a hierarchy of a larger order overriding a lesser order. This idea was in direct coincidence with the rising acceptance of the theological ideas of St. Thomas Aquinas, who postulated the notion of two worlds existing simultaneously: the divine world of faith and the earthly world of man. Palladio created an architecture which made a visual statement communicating the idea of two superimposed systems, as illustrated at San Francesco della Vigna. San Francesco della Vigna is a Roman Catholic church in the Sestiere of Castello in Venice. In a time when religious dominance in Western culture was threatened by the rising power of science and secular humanists, this architecture found great favor with the Church as a clear statement of the proper relationship of the earthly and the spiritual worlds.

Palladio died in Maser, near Treviso. Maser is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 km northwest of Treviso (Venetian Trevizo, French Trévise, Latin Tarvisium) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy.

Influence

Palladio's influence was far-reaching. Palladio's work became well known after the publication of I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura (The Four Books of Architecture) in 1570. I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura ( The Four Books of Architecture) is an Italian treatise on Architecture by the architect Andrea Palladio (1508-1580 Interest in his style was renewed in later generations and became fashionable all over Europe, for example in parts of the Loire Valley of France. Loire Valley (Vallée de la Loire is known as the Garden of France and the Cradle of the French Language. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In Britain, Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren embraced the Palladian style. Iñigo Jones ( July 15, 1573 &ndash June 21, 1652) is regarded as the first significant British architect, and the first to bring Sir Christopher Wren ( 20 October 1632 &ndash 25 February 1723) was a 17th century English Designer, Astronomer Another admirer was the architect Richard Boyle, 4th Earl of Cork, also known as Lord Burlington, who, with William Kent, designed Chiswick House. Richard Boyle 3rd Earl of Burlington and 4th Earl of Cork PC ( April 25, 1694 &ndash December 15, 1753) born in Yorkshire The Earl of the County of Cork, usually shortened to Earl of Cork, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. Lord Burlington redirects here Lord Burlington most frequently refers to the architect and patron Richard Boyle 3rd Earl of Burlington. William Kent (born in Bridlington, Yorkshire, c 1685 &ndash 12 April 1748) was an eminent English Architect, Landscape Chiswick House is a neo- Palladian Villa in Burlington Lane Chiswick, in the London Borough of Hounslow. Exponents of Palladianism include the 18th century Venetian architect Giacomo Leoni who published an authoritative four-volume work on Palladio and his architectural concepts. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Giacomo Leoni (also known as James Leoni, 1686 &ndash 1746 was an Italian architect.

Chronology

Villa La Rotonda, in I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura 1570
Villa La Rotonda, in I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura 1570
Illustration from a 1736 English edition of I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura
Illustration from a 1736 English edition of I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura


External links

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