?ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ Andhra Pradesh India
Hyderabad
Coordinates: 17°21′58″N 78°28′34″E / 17.366, 78.476
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	275,068 km² (106,204 sq mi)
Capital	Hyderabad
Largest city	Hyderabad
District(s)	23
Population • Density	76,210,007 (5th) • 277 /km² (717 /sq mi)
Language(s)	Telugu, Urdu
Governor	Narayan Dutt Tiwari
Chief Minister	Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy
Established	November 1, 1956
Legislature (seats)	Bicameral (295+90)
ISO abbreviation	IN-AP
Website: www.aponline.gov.in
Seal of Andhra Pradesh

Coordinates: 17°21′58″N 78°28′34″E / 17.366, 78.476

Andhra Pradesh State Symbols
State language	Telugu
State symbol	Poorna Kumbham
State song	Maa telugu thalliki by Sankarambadi Sundarachari
State animal	Blackbuck, (Krishna Jinka)
State bird	Indian Roller, (Paala Pitta)
State tree	Neem (Vepa)
State sport	Kabaddi, in Telugu Chedugudu
State dance	Kuchipudi, Andhra Natyam
State flower	Water lily

Andhra Pradesh (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ pronunciation (help·info)) or AP, the "Rice Bowl of India", is a state in southern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised See also Andhra Pradesh List of Chief Narayan Dutt Tiwari (born October 18, 1925) is an Indian politician This is a list of people who have served as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh since its inception as Andhra and later conversion into Andhra Pradesh after the addition Dr Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (born 8 July 1949) also known as YSR is the current Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Introduction Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state Maa telugu thalliki is the official song of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. A state mammal is the official or representative Animal of a U Blackbuck ( Antilope cervicapra) is a species of Antelope found mainly in India, but also in parts of Pakistan and Nepal. thumb|left The Indian Roller ( Coracias benghalensis) was formerly locally called the Blue Jay a Misnomer. In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas Neem ( Azadirachta indica, syn Melia azadirachta L Antelaea azadirachta (L This is a list of official US state sports as recognized by state legislatures Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (கபடி otherwise known as சடுகுடுకబడ్డీ ਕਬੱਡੀ कबड्डी कबड्डीکبڈی This is a list of official US state dances: See also Lists of U Kuchipudi ( తెలుగు: కూచిపూడి (pronounced as 'Koochipoodi' is a Classical Indian dance form from Andhra Pradesh, a state of In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas Nymphaeaceae is a family of Flowering plants Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and tropical climates India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It lies between 12°41' and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40'E longitude, and is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the East, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India Andhra Pradesh is the 4th largest state in India by area and population. It is the largest and most populous state in Southern India. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union The state is crossed by two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. This article is about the river Godavari in India. For other uses see Godavari (disambiguation The Godavari ( Marathi language:गोदावरी This article is about an Indian river For other meanings of this river names see Krishna (disambiguation and Krishnaveni. Historically this land was known as Andhrapatha, Andhra Desa, Andhra-avani, Andhra-mandalamu, Andhra-vishaya, etc. ^[1]

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Divisions 1.2 Demographics 2 Economy 3 Government and politics 4 History 5 Culture 5.1 Cultural institutions 5.2 Cuisine 5.3 Dance 5.4 Festivals 5.5 Literature 5.6 Movies 5.7 Music 5.8 Religion 5.8.1 Pilgrimages in Andhra 5.9 Other Cultural Elements 6 Education 7 Newspapers 8 Tourism 9 Transport 10 Famous People from Andhra Pradesh 11 See also 12 Notes 13 External links

Geography

Divisions

Andhra Pradesh can be divided into Three governance regions, namely Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana. The state of Andhra Pradesh is divided in 23 districts which are listed below Coastal Andhra or costa is an unofficial region of India 's Andhra Pradesh state Rayalaseema (రాయలసీమis a geographic region in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Telangana or Telingana ( Telugu: తెలంగాణ is a region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ^[2]

Andhra Pradesh has 23 districts: Adilabad, Anantapur, Chittoor, Kadapa, East Godavari, Guntur, Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Krishna, Kurnool, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Sri Potti Sreeramulu Nellore, Nizamabad, Prakasam, Rangareddy, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, Warangal and West Godavari. See Adilabad for information about Adilabad town Adilabad is a District in Andhra Pradesh, India. For the city information see Anantapur. Anantapur is one of the 23 districts in Andhra Pradesh, India. For the city information see Chittoor. Chittoor ( Telugu:చిత్తూరు also known as Chittur, is a city and district Kadapa (previously Cuddapah) is one of the districts of Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh, India. East Godavari District is a district situated on the northeast of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Guntur is a District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on the east coast of Bay of Bengal See Karimnagar for the City information Karimnagar district (కరీంనగర్ జిల్లాలు is in Telangana region of Andhra Khammam District ( Telugu: ఖమ్మం జిల్లా Hindi: खम्मम जिले is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India Krishna District ( Telugu: కృష్ణా జిల్లా Hindi: कृष्णा ज़िला is a district of India 's Andhra Pradesh Kurnool District (కర్నూలు జిల్లా is a district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, located in the west-central part of the Mahbubnagar or Mehboobnagar محبوب نگر or palamooru is a district in Andhra Pradesh named after its district head quarters Medak District is located in Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Nalgonda District is a district in Andhra Pradesh. It has a population of 3247982 of which 13 See for Nizamabad city in Nizamabad. Nizamabad is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India. This article is about the Prakasam district For the famous leader click here. Rangareddy district (also sometimes spelled Ranga Reddy) is a district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Srikakulam, formerly known as Chicacole is the northern most district of Andhra Pradesh, India Visakhapatnam district, also known as Visakha Zilla, is a district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vizianagaram district (also Vijayanagaram district) is one of the northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. For the Warangal city see Warangal. Warangal is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India West Godavari (Teluguపశ్చిమ గోదావరి is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Hyderabad is the capital and along with the adjoining twin city Secunderabad, is the largest city in the state. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Secunderabad ( Telugu:సికింద్రాబాద్)is Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh's main seaport, is the second largest city of the state and is home to the Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command . Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. Vijayawada due to its location and proximity to major rail and road routes is a major trading center and the third largest city of the state. Vijayawada ( (విజయవాడ also known as Bezawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River Other important cities and towns are: Bhimavaram,Kurnool, Warangal, Guntur,Tirupati,Karimnagar,Kakinada,Rajahmundry and Sri Potti Sreeramulu Nellore. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhimavaram is a town and mandal in the West Godavari District in the state of Andhra Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kurnool is a city in Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh state of southern India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Guntur ( Telugu: గుంటూరు Urdu: گنٹور, Hindi: गुंटूर Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karimnagar ( Telugu: కరీంనగర్ is a city and a Municipal Corporation in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kakinada ( Telugu: కాకినాడ is a city and a Municipal corporation in East WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajahmundry (రాజమండ్రి is a city and a Municipal corporation in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nellore ( Telugu:నెల్లూరు is a city located in the state of Andhra Pradesh

Demographics

Telugu is the regional and official language of the state, spoken by 84. 86% of the population. Telugu is the second largest Spoken language in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The major linguistic minority groups in the state include the speakers of Urdu (7. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised 86%), the 2nd official language of Andhra Pradesh, and Hindi (2. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is 65%).

The minority language speakers who constitute less than 1% are the speakers of Tamil (0. Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. 97%), Kannada (0. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state 94%), Marathi (0. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. 84%), Oriya (0. Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. 42%), Gondi (0. 21%) and Malayalam (0. Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used 1%). The speakers of minority languages who constitute less than 0. 1% are the speakers of Gujarati(0. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? 09%), Savara (0. 09%), Koya (0. This article is about the mountain in Japan For the historical Haida chief in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia see Koyah. 08%), Jatapu (0. 04%), Punjabi (0. Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi 04%), Kolami (0. Kolami is a tribal Dravidian language used in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra states of India 03%), Konda (0. Konda was the name of a Mansi principality which existed independently until the mid- 18th Century. 03%), Gadaba (0. 02%), Sindhi (0. Sindhi ( Arabic script: سنڌي Devanagari script: सिन्धी Sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia 02%), Gorkhali /Nepali (0. 01%) and Khond /Kondh (0. 01%).

The main ethnic group of Andhra Pradesh are the Telugu people. Telugu people refer to the group of peoples who natively speak the Telugu language.

Economy

Agriculture has been the chief source of income for the state's economy. Two important rivers of India, the Godavari and Krishna, flow through the state, providing irrigation. Krishna (कृष्ण in Devanagari kṛṣṇa in IAST, ˈkr̩ʂɳə in classical Sanskrit is a deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism Rice, sugarcane, cotton, mirchi, Mangoes and tobacco are the local crops. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Recently,crops used for vegetable oil production such as sunflower and peanuts have gained favour. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, the world's highest masonary dam. The Godavari River has its catchment area in five states of India: Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a Masonry dam built across Krishna River in Nagarjuna Sagar, Andhra Pradesh, India. ^[4][5]

The state has also started to focus on the fields of information technology and biotechnology. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. In 2004 - 2005, Andhra Pradesh was at the fifth position in the list of top IT exporting states of India. The IT exports from the State were Rs. 1,800 million in 2004. The IT sector is expanding at a rate of 52. 3% every year. The IT exports reached Rs. 19,000 million in 2006 - 2007 and ranked fourth in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The service sector of the state already accounts for 43% of the GSDP and employs 20% of the work force. ^[5]

Andhra Pradesh is a mineral rich state, ranking second in India in terms of mineral wealth. The state has about one third of India's limestone reserves, estimated at about 30 billion tonnes. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 ^[5]

The state ranks first nationwide in hydro electricity generation with national market share of over 11%. This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by installed capacity of power utilities with generation mode break-up as of 3 April 2006 published by the Ministry of Power

Andhra Pradesh's gross state domestic product for 2005 was estimated at $62 billion in current prices. This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Andhra Pradesh at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. Accordingly, the state ranks fourth in terms of overall gross state domestic product^[6] and fourth in per capita gross state domestic product among the major states of India.

Year	State GDP (Rs. MM)
1980	81,910
1985	152,660
1990	333,360
1995	798,540
2000	1,401,190
2007	2,294,610

Government and politics

Main articles: Politics of Andhra Pradesh, List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, and Government of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh has a Legislative Assembly of 294 seats. Independence Era Potti Sriramulu worked towards unifying all the Telugu-speaking people who were residing in the united madras presidency into one state This is a list of people who have served as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh since its inception as Andhra and later conversion into Andhra Pradesh after the addition Government of Andhra Pradesh is the government for the state of Andhra Pradesh in South India. Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. The state has 60 members in the Parliament of India; 18 in the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House and 42 in the Lok Sabha, the Lower House. The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is the federal and supreme Legislative body of India. The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India ^[7][8]

Andhra Pradesh had a series of governments headed by Indian National Congress (INC) Party until 1982. Kasu Brahmananda Reddy held the record for the longest serving chief minister which was broken by N.T. Rama Rao in 1983. Kasu Brahmananda Reddy (born July 28 1909 at Chirumamilli in Guntur District, A Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao ( Telugu:నందమూరి తారక రామా రావు( 28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996 P.V. Narasimha Rao also served as the chief minister of the state, who later went on to become the Prime Minister of India in 1991. Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (పాములపర్తి వెంకట నరసింహారావు (28 June 1921 &ndash 23 December 2004 was the 12th Prime Minister Among the notable chief ministers of the state are Tanguturi Prakasam, CM for only the Andhra state,[ The first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, was Neelam Sanjiva Reddy], others include Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Marri Chenna Reddy, Jalagam Vengal Rao, Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy, N.T. Rama Rao, Nara Chandrababu Naidu and Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy. Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu ( Telugu: టంగుటూరి ప్రకాశం పంతులు b Kasu Brahmananda Reddy (born July 28 1909 at Chirumamilli in Guntur District, A Marri Chenna Reddy (1919 1996 was an Indian politician active in several states Jalagam Vengal Rao or Jalagam Vengala Rao was the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh from December 10 1973 Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy (born 20 February, 1935) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. Nadendla Bhaskara Rao (born on 23 June 1935 in Guntur) was the Chief minister of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh for Kotla VijayaBhaskara Reddy (died 27 September 2001) was the Chief minister of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on two occasions Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao ( Telugu:నందమూరి తారక రామా రావు( 28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996 Nara Chandrababu Naidu ( Telugu:నారా చంద్రబాబు నాయుడు (born April 20 1950) was the Chief minister Dr Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (born 8 July 1949) also known as YSR is the current Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.

In 1983 Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won the State elections and N.T. Rama Rao (NTR) became the chief minister of the state for the first time introducing a formidable second political party to Andhra Pradesh's politics and thus breaking the virtually-single party monopoly on Andhra Pradesh's politics. Telugu Desam Party ( Telugu: తెలుగు దేశం Party for Telugu Land and people or TDP is a regional Political party Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao ( Telugu:నందమూరి తారక రామా రావు( 28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996 After few months, Nadendla Bhaskar Rao attempted a hijack when NTR was away to the United States for a medical treatment. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the After coming back, NTR successfully convinced the then State Governor to dissolve the Assembly and call on for a fresh election. TDP won the elections with a large majority and NTR became Chief Minister of the State for the second time. His government policies included investment in education, rural development and in holding corrupt government officials.

In 1989 group elections ended the 7-year rule of NTR with INC party returning to power with Dr. Marri Chenna Reddy at the helm of affairs. He was replaced by N. Janardhan Reddy who was in turn replaced by Kotla Vijaya Bhasker Reddy.

In 1994, Andhra Pradesh gave a mandate to TDP again and saw NTR becoming the chief minister again. NTR died of heart attack before the next elections and again from TDP Chandrababu Naidu, the ex-finance minister won a second term before he was defeated by the INC-led coalition in the May'04 polls.

Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy of INC, became Chief Minister of state after May 2004. Dr Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (born 8 July 1949) also known as YSR is the current Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. Rajasekhara Reddy fought the 2004 Assembly elections in an alliance with the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), which was formed by the politician Chandrasekhar Rao whose aim is to form a separate state. Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS is a regional Political party in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

History

Main article: History of Andhra

An Andhra Kingdom was mentioned in the Sanskrit epics such as Aitareya Brahmana and Mahabharata. Introduction The history of Andhra Pradesh can be broadly divided into two epochs Andhra was a kingdom mentioned in the epic Mahabharata, ruled by non-Vedic kings Indian epic poetry is the Epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. The Aitareya Brahmana (AB is the Brahmana associated with the Rigveda in the Shakala Shakha. Inscriptional evidence showed that there was a kingdom in coastal Andhra ruled by Kuberaka with Pratipalapura (Bhattiprolu) as his capital in 5th century BCE. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhattiprolu is a small Village in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh This probably was the oldest known kingdom in Southern India. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Around the same time Dhanyakatakam/Dharanikota (present day Amaravati) seemed to be a very important place. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dharanikota or Dhanyakatakam or Palden Drepung (in Tibetan) is a town near According to Taranatha: On the full moon of the month Chaitra in the year following his enlightenment, at the great stupa of Dhanyakataka, the Buddha emanated the mandala of "The Glorious Lunar Mansions" (Kalachakra). A stupa (from Sanskrit and Pāli: m स्तूप stūpa, literally meaning "heap" is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder Kālacakra ( Sanskrit: कालचक्र IAST: Kālacakra Telugu: కాలచక్ర) is a Sanskrit term used in Tantric ^[9][10] The Mauryans extended their rule over Andhra in 4th century BCE. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military With the fall of the Mauryan Empire Andhra Satavahanas became independent in 3rd century BCE. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( After the decline of the Satavahanas in 220 CE, Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Vishnukundinas, Ananda Gotrikas and Cholas ruled the Telugu land. The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( This article is about king Ikshvaku For other uses see Ikshvaku. Origins See also Origin of Pallava The exact origin of the Pallavas is shrouded in mystery The Vishnukundina dynasty ruled over the eastern Deccan in South India comprising of the area covered by modern day Andhra Pradesh and Kalinga Ananda Gotrikas also referred to as Anandas ruled coastal Andhra with Kapotapuram as the capital from 335-425 AD Telugu people refer to the group of peoples who natively speak the Telugu language. Inscriptional evidence of Telugu was found during the rule of Renati Cholas (Kadapa region) in 5th century CE. During this period the Telugu language, emerged as a popular medium undermining the predominance of Prakrit and Sanskrit. Prakrit (also transliterated as Pracrit) ( Sanskrit: prākṛta प्राकृत (from pra-kṛti प्रकृति according to one Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Telugu was made official language by the Vishnukundina Kings who ruled from their capital Vinukonda. The Vishnukundina dynasty ruled over the eastern Deccan in South India comprising of the area covered by modern day Andhra Pradesh and Kalinga WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Vinukonda is a Census town and a mandal in Guntur District in the Indian Eastern Chalukyas ruled for a long period after the decline of Vishnukundinas from their capital in Vengi. The Vishnukundina dynasty ruled over the eastern Deccan in South India comprising of the area covered by modern day Andhra Pradesh and Kalinga The Vengi kingdom extended from the Godavari River in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just south of the banks of River Krishna in the As early as 1st century CE, they were mentioned as being vassals and chieftains under the Satavahanas and later under Ikshvakus. The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( This article is about king Ikshvaku For other uses see Ikshvaku.

The battle of Palnadu resulted in the weakening of Chalukyan power and emergence of the Kakatiyadynasty in the 12th and the 13th centuries CE. Palnadu is the northern region of Guntur District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian Dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083CE to 1323CE

The Kakatiyas were at first feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian Dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083CE to 1323CE The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a In 1323 CE, Delhi Sultan Ghiaz-ud-din Tughlaq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer the Telugu country and capture Warangal. Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings The Tughlaq Dynasty ( Urdu: تغلق) of north India started in 1321 in Delhi when Ghazi Tughlaq assumed the throne under the Telugu people refer to the group of peoples who natively speak the Telugu language. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a King Pratap Rudra was taken prisoner. Musunuri Nayaks recaptured Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate and ruled for fifty years. The Musunuri Nayaks were Kamma warrior chieftains in the Kakatiya army who regained Andhradesa in 1326 from the Delhi Sultanate in the aftermath WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए The Vijayanagar empire, one of the greatest empires in the history of Andhra Pradesh and India, was founded by Harihara and Bukka, who served as treasury officers of the Kakatiyas of Warangal. The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Harihara is a the name of a combined deity form of both Vishnu ( Hari) and Shiva ( Hara) from the Hindu tradition Bukka ಬುಕ್ಕ್ (1356-1377 CE(also known as Bukka Raya I was an Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian Dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083CE to 1323CE WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a ^[11] In 1347 CE, an independent Muslim state, the Bahmani kingdom, was established in south India by Alla-ud-din Hasan Gangu as a revolt against the Delhi Sultanate. The Bahmani Sultanate (Also called the Bahmanid Empire was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Abu'l Muzaffar Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (r August 3 1347 - 1358 whose original name was Hasan Gangu or Hansan Kanku and also bore the title of Zafar Khan The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए The Qutb Shahi dynasty held sway over the Andhra country for about two hundred years from the early part of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century. The Qutb Shahi dynasty ( Urdu: سلطنت قطب شاهی) (whose members were also called the Qutub Shahis) was the ruling family of the kingdom

In Colonial India, Northern Circars became part of the British Madras Presidency. The colonial era in India began in 1502 when the Portuguese established the first European trading center at Kollam The Northern Circars was a former division of British India 's Madras Presidency, which consisted of a narrow slip of territory lying along the western side of the Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St Eventually this region emerged as the Coastal Andhra region. Coastal Andhra or costa is an unofficial region of India 's Andhra Pradesh state Later the Nizam had ceded five territories to the British which eventually emerged as Rayalaseema region. Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Rayalaseema (రాయలసీమis a geographic region in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The Nizams retained control of the interior provinces as the Princely state of Hyderabad, acknowledging British rule in return for local autonomy. Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a Hyderābād and Berar (హైదరాబాదు حیدر آباد under the Nizams was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire

India became independent from the United Kingdom in 1947. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Muslim Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to retain his independence from India, but the people of the region launched movement to join Indian Union. Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country His state of Hyderabad was forced to become part of the Republic of India in 1948, after Indian Military Occupation as Hyderabad State. Hyderābād and Berar (హైదరాబాదు حیدر آباد under the Nizams was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire Hyderābād and Berar (హైదరాబాదు حیدر آباد under the Nizams was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire

In an effort to gain an independent state, and protect the interests of the Telugu people of Madras State, Amarajeevi Potti Sriramulu fasted until death. Madras State was the former name of the present day state of Tamil Nadu, India. Potti Sreeramulu ( 16 March, 1901 - 16 December, 1952 and transliterated as Potti Sriramulu and Potti Sri ramulu) was an Public outcry and civil unrest after his death forced the government to announce the formation of a new state for Telugu speakers. Andhra attained statehood in October 1953 with Kurnool as its capital. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kurnool is a city in Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh state of southern India

On 1 November 1956, Andhra State merged with the Telangana region of Hyderabad State to form the state of Andhra Pradesh. Telangana or Telingana ( Telugu: తెలంగాణ is a region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Hyderābād and Berar (హైదరాబాదు حیدر آباد under the Nizams was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire Hyderabad, the former capital of the Hyderabad State, was made the capital of the new state Andhra Pradesh.

Culture

Cultural institutions

Andhra Pradesh has many museums, including the Archaeological Museum at Amaravati near Guntur City that features relics of nearby ancient sites, the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad, which features a varied collection of sculptures, paintings, and religious artifacts, the Visakha Museumin Visakhapatnam, which displays the history of the pre-Independence Madras Presidency in a rehabilitated Dutch bungalow and Victoria Jubilee Museum in Vijayawada, which has a nice collection of ancient sculptures, paintings, idols, weapons, cutlery, and inscriptions. The Salar Jung Museum is an art museum at Dar-Ul-Shifa on the southern bank of the Musi river in the city of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St Vijayawada ( (విజయవాడ also known as Bezawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River

Cuisine

Main article: Andhra cuisine

The cuisine of Andhra Pradesh is reputedly the spiciest of all Indian cuisine. Rice is the Staple food of the southern state of India, Andhra Pradesh. There are many variations to the Andhra cuisine depending on caste, geographical regions, traditions etc. Pickles and chutneys, called pachchadi in Telugu are particularly popular in Andhra Pradesh and many varieties of pickles and chutneys are unique to the state. Indian pickles ( Urdu: اچار)are a variety of spicy Pickled side dishes or condiments popular in the Indian Subcontinent in Southeast Asia and in many Chutneys are made from practically every vegetable including tomatoes, brinjals, and roselle (Gongura). The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum, syn Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is a herbaceous usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family The eggplant, aubergine, or brinjal ( Solanum melongena) is a plant of the family Solanaceae (also known as the nightshades The Roselle' ( Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a species of Hibiscus native to the Old World tropics Gongura ( Hibiscus cannabinus) (గోంగూర is a relative of the Roselle. The mango pickle Aavakaaya is probably the best known of the Andhra pickles. Aavakaaya (ఆవకాయ is a variety of Indian pickle popular in South India with its origin in Andhra Pradesh.

Rice is the staple food and is used in a wide variety of ways. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many A staple food is a Food that forms the basis of a Traditional diet. Typically, rice is either boiled and eaten with curry, or made into a batter for use in a crepe-like dish called attu (pesarattu) or dosas. A crêpe (kreɪp French kʀɛp is a type of very thin cooked Pancake usually made from Wheat Flour. Preparation Regular dosa batter is made from Rice and split skinned Urad bean (black lentil blended with water and left to ferment overnight

Meat, vegetables, and greens are prepared with different masalas into a variety of strongly flavored dishes. In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a Vegetable, sometimes accompanied

Hyderabadi cuisine is influenced by the Muslims who arrived in Telangana in the 14th century. Telangana or Telingana ( Telugu: తెలంగాణ is a region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Much of the cuisine revolves around meat. It is rich and aromatic, with a liberal use of exotic spices and ghee. Lamb, chicken and fish are the most widely used meats in the non-vegetarian dishes. The biryani is perhaps the most distinctive and popular of Hyderabadi dishes. Biryani, biriani, or beriani ( Nastaliq script: بریانی Devanagari script: बिरयानी Bengali script: িবিরয়ানी

Dance

Main article: Telugu dance

Kuchipudi, the traditional dance of Andhra

Jayapa Senani (Jayapa Nayudu) is the first person who wrote about the dances prevalent in Andhra Pradesh ^[12]. Kuchipudi ( తెలుగు: కూచిపూడి (pronounced as 'Koochipoodi' is a Classical Indian dance form from Andhra Pradesh, a state of Jayapa Nayudu or Jayapa Senani was the militatry commander under Ganapatideva the Kakatiya king who ruled Warangal in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh Both Desi and Margi forms of dances have been included in his Sanskrit treatise 'Nritya Ratnavali'. It contains eight chapters. Folk dance forms like Perani, Prenkhana, Suddha Nartana, Carcari, Rasaka, Danda Rasaka, Shiva Priya, Kanduka Nartana, Bhandika Nrityam, Carana Nrityam, Chindu, Gondali and Kolatam are described. In the first chapter the author deals with discussion of the differences between Marga and Desi, Tandava and lasya, Natya and Nritta. In the 2nd and 3rd chapters he deals with Angi-kabhinaya, Caris, Sthanakas and Mandalas. In the 4th Chapter Karnas, angaharas and recakas are described. In following chapters he described the local dance forms i. e. desi nritya. In the last chapter he deals with art and practice of dance.

Classical dance in Andhra can be performed by both men and women; however women tend to learn it more often. Kuchipudi is the state's best-known classical dance forms of Andhra Pradesh. Kuchipudi ( తెలుగు: కూచిపూడి (pronounced as 'Koochipoodi' is a Classical Indian dance form from Andhra Pradesh, a state of The Dance forms of Andhra Pradesh take on a wide variety of colors costumes and types and involve different settings and musical instruments The various dance forms that existed through the states’ history are Chenchu Bhagotham, Kuchipudi, Bhamakalapam, Burrakatha, Veeranatyam, Butta bommalu, Dappu, Tappeta Gullu, Lambadi, Bonalu, Dhimsa, and Kolattam. Kuchipudi ( తెలుగు: కూచిపూడి (pronounced as 'Koochipoodi' is a Classical Indian dance form from Andhra Pradesh, a state of Burra katha, also spelled as Burrakatha is a story-telling technique used in villages of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in India. Banjara is a community in India spread in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Kummi is a Folk dance, popular in Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India, danced mostly by Tamil women in circle.

Festivals

• Sankranthi in January. Sankranthi, or Sankranti ( Sanskrit: मकर संक्रान्ति, is a Festival that signifies the beginning of the harvest season for
• Maha Shivaratri in February/March. Maha Shivratri or Maha Sivaratri or Shivaratri or Sivaratri ( Night of Shiva or "Great Night of Shiva" is a Hindu festival celebrated every year on
• Ugadi or the Telugu New Year in March/April. Ugadi ( Telugu: ఉగాది Kannada: ಯುಗಾದಿ - from ಯುಗ yuga, era + ಆದಿ ādi, beginning the start of an era is the
• Rama Navami celebrated in March/April 9 days after Ugadi. Ram Navami ( IAST Rāma-navamī) is a Hindu Vaishnava holiday which falls on the ninth day of the Hindu lunar year (thus named
• Varalakshmi Vratham in August.
• Vinayaka Chavithi in August. Ganesha Chaturthi ( IAST: Gaṇeśa Caturthī Devanagari: गणेश चतुर्थी or Ganesha Festival is a day on which Lord Ganesha
• Dasara in September/October. Dasara, also called "Navaratri" is among the most important festivals celebrated in India.
• Atla Tadde 3rd day in bright half of Aswiyuja month (falls in September/October in Gregorian calendar)
• Deepavali in October/November. Atla Tadde is a traditional festival celebrated by married Hindus women of Andhra region in Andhra Pradesh, India, for the health and long life of their Diwali, or Deepavali, (also called Tihar and Swanti in Nepal (Markiscarali is a major Indian and Nepalese festival and a significant
• Bonalu in Sravanam. Bonalu ( Telugu: బోనాలు) is a Hindu festival celebrated in Hyderabad, Secunderabad and some parts of Telangana, to honour Sravanam is the most auspicious Month in the Telugu Calendar in India. (Celebrated in Telangana region). Telangana or Telingana ( Telugu: తెలంగాణ is a region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Bathukamma celebrated during September/October in Telangana region. Batukamma is a spring Festival celebrated by the women of Telangana region in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Telangana or Telingana ( Telugu: తెలంగాణ is a region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Literature

Main article: Telugu literature

Telugu literature is highly influenced by Sanskrit literature and Hindu scriptures. Telugu literature is the Literature of the Telugu people, an ethnic group based in southern India. Nannayya, Tikkana, and Yerrapragada form the trinity who translated the great epic Mahabharatha into Telugu. Nannayya Bhattaraka (నన్నయ in Telugu) (c 11th century AD is the earliest known Telugu author and the author of the first third of the Andhra Mahabharatamu Tikkana (తిక్కన్న (1205-1288 was born into a family of Shaivite Brahmin litterateurs during the Golden Age of Kakatiya dynasty. Errana (ఎఱ్ఱన్న was a great Telugu poet in the court of Prolaya Vemareddy (1325-1353 the founder of Reddy dynasty (1325-1424 of Kondaveedu who ruled Guntur Bammera Potana is another great poet from Orugallu (Now Warangal) famous for his great classic Sri Madandhra Maha Bhagavatamu, a Telugu translation of 'Sri Bhagavatham' authored by Veda Vyasa in Sanskrit. Bammera Pothana ( 1450 - 1510) was a Telugu poet best known for his translation of the Bhagavatam from Sanskrit. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Nannayya derived the present Telugu script(lipi) from the old Telugu-Kannada script. Emperor Krishna Deva Raya wrote Amuktamalyada and also made the famous statement : "Desa Bhashalandu Telugu lessa" meaning "Telugu is the sweetest amongst all Indian languages". Sri Krishnadevaraya ( Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ Telugu:శ్రీకృష్ణదేవరాయ (1509-1529 CE was the most famous Philosophical poems by Yogi-Vemana are quite famous. Modern writers include Jnanpith Award winners Sri Viswanatha Satya Narayana and Dr. C. Narayana Reddy. The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country Viswanatha Satyanarayana (b 10 September 1895 &ndash d 18 October 1976) popularly known as the Kavi Samraat (Emperor of Poetry Cingireddy Narayana Reddy (సినారాయణరెడ్డి(born July 29 1931, Hanumajipeta Karimnagar district) is an Indian Revolutionary poets like SriSri and Gaddar are popular.

Main article: Urdu literature

Mohammad Quli Qutub Shah was the first Deewan Shayar of Urdu Literary History. Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language Urdu, in which it is written Sultan Quli Qutb Shah ( Urdu: سلطان قلی قطب شاه) (also Transliterated in different ways (d Makhdoom Mohiuddin regarded as revolutionary poet. Makhdoom Mohiuddin Makhdoom (1908-1969 Urdu poet and Marxist politician originally Abu Sayeed Mohammad Makhdoom Mohiuddin Huzri was born on Many classical writers like, Wali Mohammed Wali Dakhni, Amjad Hyderabadi, Charagh Hyderabadi, Aqeel Hashmi, Suleman Athhar Javed, Aslam Farshori, Ahmadnisar, Barq Kadapavi, Qamar Ameeni, and many others. Wali Mohammad Wali (1667-1707 (also known as Wali Deccani Urduولی دکنی and Wali Aurangabadi was a classical Urdu and Persian poets of the Subcontinent Aslam Farshori (b8 July 1951 Is one of India's leading Radio and TV personality

Movies

Main article: Telugu Cinema

Andhra Pradesh is the state with the most cinema halls in India, at around 3000. Telugu Cinema (Telugu తెలుగు సినీపరిశ్రమ refers to the cinema in Telugu language, sometimes referred as Tollywood, a The state also produces about 200 movies a year. It has around 40% (330 cinema halls out of 930 DTS cinema halls in India ([1]) of all the Dolby digital theatres in India. Now it also houses an IMax theatre with a big 3D screen and also 3-5 multiplexes. It is also the largest movie industry in India, producing more movies than any other industry.

Music

Main article: Music of Andhra Pradesh

The state has a rich musical heritage. Andhra Pradesh is a state of South India. Telugu language is considered the heart and soul of Carnatic music. Many legends of the Carnatic music including Trinity of Carnatic music (Thyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri) were of Telugu descent. Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India The outstanding group of composer - Musicians of Carnatic music (period- 1700-1800 which included Tyāgarāja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Thyāgarāja (శ్రీ త్యాగరాజ స్వామి May 4, 1767 - January 6, 1847) was a composer of Carnatic music Muthuswami Dikshitar ( Tamil: முத்துஸ்வாமி தீக்ஷிதர் March 24[[ 775]] &ndash October 21 1835) Shyama Shastri ( శ్యామా శాస్త్రిஷ்யாமா ஷாஸ்திரி श्यामा शास्त्रि) ( 1762 - 1827 Other great composers include Annamacharya, Kshetrayya, and Bhadrachala Ramadasu. Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya (శ్రీ తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్య (1408-1503 the mystic saint composer Kancherla Gopanna (c 1620 - 1680 CE popularly known as Bhadradri Ramadasu or Bhadrachala Ramadasu (భద్రాచల రామదాసు was a 17th century Folk songs are also popular in the rural areas of the state.

Religion

Andhra Pradesh is home to Hindu saints of all castes. Saints are recognized in Hinduism although it does not require canonization or similar formal process to acknowledge a person as one An important backward-caste figure is, Sant Yogi Potuluri Veerabrahmam was a Shudra that even had a Brahmin, Harijan and Muslim disciples. Dalit is a self designation for group of people of South Asian descent who were traditionally regarded as untouchables or low Caste. [2] Fisherman Raghu was also a Sudra. [3] Sant Kakkayya was a chura (cobbler) Harijan saint. Dalit is a self designation for group of people of South Asian descent who were traditionally regarded as untouchables or low Caste.

Several important Hindu modern-day saint are from Andhra Pradesh. These include Nimbarka who founded Dvaitadvaita, Mother Meera who advocated Indian independence and Aurobindo Mission, Bala Sai Baba who advocates religious unity in worship, Satya Sai Baba who does the same, and Swami Sundara Chaitanyanandaji. Nimbarka ( Sanskrit: श्री निम्बार्काचार्य Śrī Nimbārkācārya) is known for propagating the Vaishnava Theology Dvaitadvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a Vaishnava Philosopher who hailed from Andhra Region The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Sathya Sai Baba ( Telugu: సత్య సాయి బాబా was born as Sathyanarayana Raju on November 23 1926 &mdash or later than

His Holiness Satya Sai Baba is from a Shudra fisherman family on 23rd November 1926 in Puttaparthi. Sathya Sai Baba ( Telugu: సత్య సాయి బాబా was born as Sathyanarayana Raju on November 23 1926 &mdash or later than He is renowned worldwide as a man of peace. He is believed to be the avatar of Shirdi Sai Baba. Avatar or Avatara (अवतार IAST Avatāra) is often inaccurately translated into English as incarnation Sai Baba of Shirdi (d October 15, 1918) also known as Shirdi Sai Baba was an Indian Guru, Yogi and Fakir Sathya Sai Organization has many branches worldwide. Its member are from all religions and seek to establish peace in the world.

His Holiness Swami Sundara Chaitanyanandaji was born on 25th December 1947 in Kattubadipalem village, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh.

Pilgrimages in Andhra

Tirupati or Tirumala is a very important pilgrimage for Hindus throughout India. Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India It is the richest holy temple city in India. Its main temple is dedicated to the god Tirupati. Venkateshwara ( Telugu వెంకటేశ్వరుడు, వెంకన్న Sanskrit: sa वेंकटेश्वर also known as Venkatachalapathy

Simhachalam is another very popular pilgrmage of national importance. Simhachalam temple is a Hindu temple located in Andhra Pradesh, South India, and is dedicated to the incarnation ( Avatar) of Vishnu known as Simhachalam is said in mythology to be the abode of the savior-god Narasimha, who rescued Prahlada from abusive father Hiranyakasipu. Narasimha ( IAST Narasiṃha Sanskrit नरसिंह (other spellings are Narasingh, Narasinga) is an Avatara of Vishnu Prahlada is a character from the Puranic texts of Hinduism, wherein he is famed for his exclusive devotion ( Bhakti) to Vishnu, despite attempts Hiranyakashipu (or Hiranyakasipu) ( Sanskrit: हिरण्‍यकश्यप is an Asura from the Puranic scriptures of Hinduism

Srisailam is another center is national importance. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details -->Srisailam is a holy town and Mandal situated in Nallamala hills of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, It is dedicated mainly to Lord Shiva. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva It is one of the locations of the various Jyothirlingams. A Jyotirlinga or Jyotirling or Jyotirlingam is a shrine where Lord Shiva, an aspect of God in Hinduism is worshipped in the form The Skanda Purana has a chapter called "Srisaila Kandam" dedicated to it, which points to the ancient origin. Skanda Purana, one of the major eighteen Puranas, a Hindu religious text is the largest Purana and is devoted mainly to the life and deed of Kartikeya This is confirmed also by the fact that Tamil saints of the past millennia have sung praises of this temple. It is said that Adi Sankara visited this temple and at that time he composed his "Sivananda Lahiri". Adi Shankara ( Malayalam: ആദി ശങ്കരന്‍ Devanāgarī: आदि शङ्कर Ādi Śaṅkara, aːd̪i ɕaŋkərə (see below Shivanandalahari ( IAST Śivānandalahiri) is a devotional hymn composed by Adi Shankara, the Advaita philosopher, on Shiva Shiva's sacred bull Vrishabha is said to have performed penance at the Mahakali temple till Shiva and Parvati appeared before him as Mallikarjuna and Brahmaramba. Mahakali ( Sanskrit: Mahākālī, Devanagari: महाकाली literally translated as Great Kali, is a Hindu Goddess Parvati ( Sanskrit: Pārvatī sa [[wiktपार्वती पार्वती]] sometimes spelled Parvathi or Parvathy, is a Hindu The temple is one of the 12 hallowed jyotirlingas; Lord Rama himself installed the Sahasralinga, while the Pandavas lodged the Panchapandava lingas in the temple courtyard. Rama ( IAST: rāma Devanāgarī: राम Khmer: Phreah Ream Thai: Phra Ram Lao: Phra Lam Tagalog:

Other Cultural Elements

Bapu's paintings, Nanduri Subbarao's Yenki Paatalu (Songs on/by a washerwoman called Yenki), mischievous Budugu (a character by Mullapudi), Annamayya's songs, Aavakaaya (a variant of mango pickle in which the kernel of mango is retained), Gongura (a chutney from Roselle plant), Atla Taddi (a seasonal festival predominantly for teenage girls), banks of river Godavari, Dudu basavanna (The ceremonial ox decorated for door-to-door exhibition during the harvest festival Sankranti) have long defined Telugu culture. Sattiraju Lakshmi Narayana, also known as Bapu, was born in a Telugu Brahmin family on December 15, 1933 in Narsapur, West Godavari Nanduri Subbarao was a Telugu poet His famous works include Yenki Patalu (an anthology of songs on and by a woman called Yenki Mullapudi Venkata Ramana (born 1931) is a Telugu story writer Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya (శ్రీ తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్య (1408-1503 the mystic saint composer Aavakaaya (ఆవకాయ is a variety of Indian pickle popular in South India with its origin in Andhra Pradesh. Gongura ( Hibiscus cannabinus) (గోంగూర is a relative of the Roselle. Chutney ( Hindi: चटनी Urdu: چٹنی) (British spelling or chatni is a term for a variety of sweet and spicy Condiments, usually Sankranti is a national festival in India. The word is derived from sat and kranti, meaning "good movement The village of Durgi is known for originating stone craft, carvings of idols in soft stone that must be exhibited in the shade because they are prone to weathering. Durgi is a Village and mandal in the Palnadu region of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh state of Southern India. In the practice of Religion, a cult image is a man-made object that is venerated for the Deity, spirit or Daemon that it embodies or represents

Education

Andhra Pradesh is served by more than 20 leading institutes of excellence in higher education. All major arts, humanities, science, engineering, law, medicine, business and veterinary science are offered, leading to first degrees as well as postgraduate awards. Advanced research is conducted in all major areas.

Andhra Pradesh has 1330 arts, science and commerce colleges, 238 engineering colleges and 53 medical colleges. The student to teacher ratio is 19:1 in the higher education. According to census taken in 2001, Andhra Pradesh has an overall literacy rate of 60. 5%. While male literacy rate is at 70. 3%, the female literacy rate however is only at 50. 4%, a cause for concern.

The state has recently made strides in setting up several institutes of high quality. International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) and Indian School of Business (ISB) are gaining international attention for their standards. The International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad (also IIIT-Hyderabad IIIT-H is an autonomous self-supporting institution started in 1998 with seed support The Indian School of Business (ISB located in Hyderabad India is an international business school providing postgraduate programmes in Management ( Master of Business Administration National Institute of Fashion Technology, Hyderabad (NIFT)[4]is well reputed among those interested in a career in fashion.

Major Universities/Institutes in Andhra Pradesh:

• T. R. R Govt. Degree College, Kandukur , Prakasam (Dt. )
• Badruka College of Commerce, Hyderabad
• Birla Institute Of Technology [BITS], Hyd
• B. T College Madanapalli
• IIIT, Hyderabad [International Institute of Information Technology]
• National Institute of Technology NIT, Warangal
• Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad
• Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupathi (Veterinary science has been separated from N. National Institutes of Technology (NITs are premier colleges of engineering and technology education in India. The National Invitation Tournament (NIT is a men's college Basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a History The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, ( APAU) also known as Acharya N G. Ranga Agri. University to form this separate university)
• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University: Andhra Pradesh Open University, Hyderabad
• Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur
• Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad
• Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
• Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada
• Indian Institute of Planning and Management IIPM, Hyderabad
• Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad
• Kakatiya University, Warangal
• Gudlavalleru Engineering College
• Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad
• Osmania University, Hyderabad
• Telangana University, Nizamabad
• Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad
• Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati
• Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati
• Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur
• Sri Sathya Sai University, Puttaparthi
• University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
• ICFAI University, Hyderabad
• NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad
• GITAM University ,Visakhapatnam
• Sri Yerramilli Narayanamurthy College, Narsapur

(See also List of institutions based in Hyderabad India)

• C. History Andhra Pradesh Open University, also known as Dr B R Ambedkar Open University, is a public university in the city of Hyderabad, Andhra Acharya Nagarjuna University is a public University and one of the largest universities in the region of Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Guntur ( Telugu: గుంటూరు Urdu: گنٹور, Hindi: गुंटूर The Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology ( CBIT) is a technical institute located in Gandipet Hyderabad India. Andhra University (Telugu - ఆంధ్రా యూనివర్శిటి located in Visakhapatnam, north east coastal Andhra Pradesh, is one of the Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port NTR University of Health Sciences is a public university in the city of Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Vijayawada ( (విజయవాడ also known as Bezawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University ( JNTU) is a University main branch located at Kukatpally, Hyderabad. Kakatiya University is a public University located in Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a Institution Maulana Azad National Urdu University is a Central University located in the city of Hyderabad in South India. Osmania University (also known as OU in short is a Public university situated in the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nizamabad is a Town and a Municipal corporation in Nizamabad District in the University Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University ( PSTU) or simply Telugu University, is one of the few language universities in India. Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati was established in 1954 in the famous temple city of Tirupati South India under the auspices of Late Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam ( Sri Padmavati University) is a women's university in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India Sri Krishnadevaraya University is a Public university in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India, founded on July 25, 1981 WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Anantapur (అనంతపురం is a city (population 466359 and a The Sri Sathya Sai University (formerly Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning) is the university founded by Sathya Sai Baba, under Section 3 of the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puttaparthi ( is a town situated in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, South The University of Hyderabad is an institute of post-graduate teaching and research Icfai refers to the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India and a number of Universities Engineering Colleges Business Schools and other educational institutes National Academy of Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR University of Law was set up in Hyderabad, India in 1998 to create a generation of able and Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port Narsapur may refer to Narsapur Medak district, India Narsapur West Godavari, India Narsapur Nalgonda district Hyderabad is an important seat of learning in India. Education in Hyderabad India is centered in a number of academic institutions K. S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences and Research,Tirupati
• Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of dental science,HYDERABAD
• Sir C. Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India R. R. College of Engineering, Eluru
• S. R. K. R. College of Engineering, Bhimavaram
• Tenali Engineering College Located near Kolakaluru between Guntur & Tenali

Newspapers

Andhra Pradesh has several newspapers. Tenali Engineering College is located near Tenali, Andhra Pradesh, India offering Bachelors of Engineering (B Some of them are:

• Telugu Newspapers - Eenadu, Andhra Jyothi, Prajasakti, Vaartha, Andhra Bhoomi, Visalandra, Hyderabad Mirror, Surya,Udayam, Saakshi and Andhra Prabha
• Urdu Newspapers - Siasat Daily, Munsif Daily, Rehnuma-e-Deccan, Itimad Urdu Daily and The Milap Daily. Eenadu (ఈనాడు headquartered in Hyderabad, India, is the largest circulated Telugu news daily in the state of Andhra Pradesh Andhra Jyothi is a Telugu daily newspaper in Andhra Pradesh edited by K Prajasakti started as a daily news paper in the year 1981 with Vijayawada as the centre Vaartha, headquartered in Hyderabad, India is a Telugu news paper Andhra Bhoomi is a Telugu daily newspaper It Covers whole of Andhra Pradesh with editions from Hyderabad Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Rajahmundry Anantapur Karimnagar For the Telugu newspaper of the same name see Saakshi (newspaper Saakshi is a 1967 Indian movie Andhra Prabha is a Telugu daily newspaper

• English Newspapers - Deccan Chronicle, The Hindu, The Times of India, Indian Express, The Economic Times, The Business Line

Tourism

Andhra Pradesh is the home of many religious pilgrim centres. The Deccan Chronicle is an English language Newspaper simultaneously published in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka The Economic Times, launched in 1961 is India's largest financial daily and the world's second largest financial daily after The Wall Street Journal, Business Line or The Hindu Business Line is an Indian business Newspaper published by Kasturi and Sons the publishers of the newspaper Araku Valley is a famous Hill station and a Mandal in Visakhapatnam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Tirupati, the abode of Lord Venkateswara, is the richest and most visited religious center (of any faith) in the world. Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India Venkateshwara ( Telugu వెంకటేశ్వరుడు, వెంకన్న Sanskrit: sa वेंकटेश्वर also known as Venkatachalapathy Srisailam, the abode of Sri Mallikarjuna, is one of twelve Jyothirlingalu in India, Amaravati's Siva temple is one of the Pancharamams, and Yadagirigutta, the abode of an avatara of Vishnu, Sri Lakshmi Narasimha. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details -->Srisailam is a holy town and Mandal situated in Nallamala hills of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, A Jyotirlinga or Jyotirling or Jyotirlingam is a shrine where Lord Shiva, an aspect of God in Hinduism is worshipped in the form The Ramappa temple and Thousand Pillars temple in Warangal are famous for some fine temple carvings. The state has numerous Buddhist centres at Amaravati, Nagarjuna Konda, Bhattiprolu, Ghantasala, Nelakondapalli, Dhulikatta, Bavikonda, Thotlakonda, Shalihundam, Pavuralakonda, Sankaram, Phanigiri and Kolanpaka. Thotlakonda Buddhist Complex (17 15 N - 83 23 E Lies about 15 km from Visakhapatnam city on the way to Bheemili town on a hill about 128 mts

The golden beaches at Visakhapatnam,the one-million-year old limestone caves at Borra, picturesque Araku Valley, hill resorts of Horsley Hills, river Godavari racing through a narrow gorge at Papi Kondalu, waterfalls at Ettipotala, Kuntala and rich bio-diversity at Talakona, are some of the natural attractions of the state. Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port Araku Valley is a famous Hill station and a Mandal in Visakhapatnam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

The Borra Caves are located in the Anatagiri Hills of Eastern Ghats, near Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh State in India. The Borra Caves are located in the Anatagiri Hills of Eastern Ghats, near Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh They are at a height of about 800 to 1300 metres above Mean Sea Level and are famous for millions of years old stalactite and stalagmite formations. They were discovered by William King George, the British geologist in the year 1807. The caves get their name from a formation inside the caves that looks like the human brain, which in the local language, Telugu, is known as borra. Similarly Belum caves was formed due to erosion in limestone deposite in the area by Chitravati River, millions of years ago. This limestone caves was formed due to action of carbonic acid — or weakly acidic groundwater formed due to reaction between limestone and water.

Belum Caves are the second largest cave in Indian sub-continent and the longest caves in plains of Indian Subcontinent. Belum Caves is the second largest cave in Indian sub-continent and the longest caves in plains of Indian Subcontinent Belum Caves is the second largest cave in Indian sub-continent and the longest caves in plains of Indian Subcontinent Belum Caves derives its name from "Bilum" Sanskrit word for caves. In Telugu language, it is called Belum Guhalu. Belum Caves has a length of 3229 meters, making it the second largest natural caves in Indian Subcontinent. Belum Caves have long passages, spacious chambers, fresh water galleries and siphons. The caves reach its deepest point (120 feet from entrance level) at the point known as Patalganaga.

Horsley Hills Horsley Hills, elevation 1,265 m, is a famous summer hill resort in Andhra Pradesh, about 160 km from Bangalore, India and 144 km from Tirupati. Horsley Hills, elevation 1265 m is a famous summer hill resort in Andhra Pradesh, about 160 km from Bangalore India and 144 km from Tirupati The town of Madanapalle lies nearby. Major tourist attractions include the Mallamma temple and the Rishi valley school. Horsely Hills is the departure point for the Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary at a distance of 87 km.

The narrow road to Horsely Hills is very scenic. It is surrounded throughout its entire length with dense growths of eucalyptus, jacaranda, allamanda, and gulmohar trees. This place is also believed to be haunted by some ghosts.

Charminar, Golconda Fort, Chandragiri Fort, Chowmahalla Palace and Falaknuma Palace are some of the monuments in the state. Charminar ( Devanagari: चार मीनार Nastaliq: چار مینار meaning "Four Towers" or " Mosque of the four Minarets The Qutb Shahi dynasty ( Urdu: سلطنت قطب شاهی) (whose members were also called the Qutub Shahis) was the ruling family of the kingdom WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chandragiri is a small town near Tirupati in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh Chowmahalla Palace or Chowmahallat (4 Palaces, was a palace belonging to the Nizams of Hyderabad state. Falaknuma Palace is one of the finest palaces in Hyderabad, India.

Transport

There are six airports in the state namely, Hyderabad (Rajiv Gandhi International), Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada (Gannavaram), Rajahmundry (Madhurapudi) and Tirupati (Renigunta). Hyderabad International Airport (హైదరాబాదు అంతర్జాతీయ విమానాశ్రయము) also known as Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port Vijayawada ( (విజయవాడ also known as Bezawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River Gannavaram ( గన్నవరంis a town and a Mandal headquarter located in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, India, twenty kilometers from the city WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajahmundry (రాజమండ్రి is a city and a Municipal corporation in Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Renigunta is a huge suburban and Industrial Estate of Tirupati City, the major piligimage centre and the Government also have plans to start airports in 6 other cities including Sri Potti Sreeramulu Nellore, Warangal, Kadapa, Tadepalligudem, Ramagundam and Ongole. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nellore ( Telugu:నెల్లూరు is a city located in the state of Andhra Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Warangal or Orugallu or Ekasila Nagaram (వరంగల్ is a city and a WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kadapa (కడప formerly Cuddapah, is a city in the south-central part of Andhra Pradesh, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tadepalligudem is a town and a Municipality in Andhra Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ramagundam (including Godavarikhani Town is a city Mandal and Municipality in the Karimnagar WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ongole, is a large town and a Municipality in Prakasam district in the state of Andhra

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) is the major public transport corporation owned by government of Andhra Pradesh connecting all the cities and villages. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC is the leading transport corporation in Andhra Pradesh State India. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC is the leading transport corporation in Andhra Pradesh State India. APSRTC also has the distinction of being in the Guinness book of World records for having the largest fleet of vehicles, and the longest area covered/commuted daily. Apart from these thousands of private operators run buses connecting major cities and towns of the state. Private vehicles like auto rickshaws occupy a major share of the local transport in the cities and adjoining villages.

Andhra Pradesh also has two of the important ports of India at Visakhapatnam and Kakinada and two minor ports Machilipatnam and Krishnapatnam. Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kakinada ( Telugu: కాకినాడ is a city and a Municipal corporation in East Machilipatnam (మచిలిపట్నం is a city and a special grade Municipality in Krishna district in the Indian state of Andhra WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Krishnapatnam or Kistnapatam is a Port Town in Muthukur mandal of

Famous People from Andhra Pradesh

See List of people from Andhra Pradesh

See also

• History of India
• Middle kingdoms of India
• Andhra state
• Rivalry and Tribute: Society and Ritual in a Telugu village in South India by Bruce Elliot Tapper

Notes

18. http://www.dae.gov.in/ni/nijul03/cudapah.pdf

Heal - Health and Education for All - Children's charity in Andhra Pradesh

External links

• Andhra Pradesh travel guide from Wikitravel
• Andhra Pradesh Government *
• Andhra Pradesh Hackers Site
• Andhra Pradesh at the Open Directory Project
• Andhra Pradesh News *

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