Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía

Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad (Spanish: Andalusia by herself, for Spain and for Humankind)
Anthem: La bandera blanca y verde
Capital	Seville
Official languages	Spanish
Area  – Total  – % of Spain	Ranked 2nd  87,268 km²  17. The coat of arms of Andalusia (Escudo de Andalucía is the official National symbol of Andalusia, an autonomous community of Spain. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music (in Music theory and religious contexts or more generally a song (or composition of The Anthem of Andalusia lyrics were written by Blas Infante, the father of Andalusian nationalism. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Here is a list of the autonomous communities of Spain in order of Area. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions  Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 2%
Population  – Total (2007)  – % of Spain  – Density	Ranked 1st  8,059,431  17. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Here is a list of the autonomous communities and autonomous cities of Spain in order of Population ( 2005) 84  91. 39/km²
Demonym  – English  – Spanish	Andalusian  Andaluz, andaluza
Statute of Autonomy	December 30, 1981
Parliamentary representation  – Congress seats  – Senate seats	62  40
President	Manuel Chaves González (PSOE)
ISO 3166-2	AN
www.juntadeandalucia.es

Andalusia (Spanish: Andalucía) is an autonomous community of Spain. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Andalusians are an Ethnic group or Nation in Spain centered in Andalusia. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The Cortes Generales ( Spanish for General Courts or Cortes Españolas, Spanish Courts) is the Legislature of Spain. The Spanish Congress of Deputies (Spanish Congreso de los Diputados) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain 's Legislative branch. The Spanish Senate ( Senado de España in Spanish) is the upper house of Spain 's Parliament, the Cortes Generales. Manuel Chaves González (born 7 July 1945 in Ceuta) is a Spanish politician of the Spanish Socialist Worker's Party (PSOE The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, commonly abbreviated by its Spanish initials PSOE ( P artido S ocialista O brero E spañol is ISO 3166-2 is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes The section that applies to Spain codes the Provinces of Spain. The Alamillo Bridge in Seville, Andalusia ( Spain) spans the Canal de Alfonso XIII in Seville allowing access to La Cartuja, an island Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Santiago Calatrava Valls (born July 28, 1951) is an internationally recognized and award-winning Valencian Spanish Architect, Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. It is the most populous and the second largest, in terms of its land area, of the seventeen autonomous communities of the Kingdom of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The capital and largest city is Seville. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. The region is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Sevilla, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and Almería. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight Córdoba (Arabic قرطبة) traditionally named Cordova in English is a province of southern Spain, in the north-central part of the Jaén (جيان: Jayyān is a city in south-central Spain, the name is probably derived from the Arabic word Jayyan (crossroads of caravans Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain.

Andalusia is located south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, which separates Spain from Morocco, and the Atlantic Ocean. Extremadura is an autonomous community of western Spain whose capital city is Mérida. Castile-La Mancha ( Spanish "Castilla-La Mancha" is an autonomous community of Spain. The Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia (Spanish Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia) is one of Spain 's seventeen autonomous communities Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Strait of Gibraltar ( Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is the Strait that connects the Atlantic Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar. The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia, the southernmost part of continental The Strait of Gibraltar ( Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is the Strait that connects the Atlantic

Contents 1 History 1.1 Tartessians and Phoenicians 1.2 Carthaginians and Romans 1.3 Vandals and Visigoths 1.4 Muslim period 2 Administrative divisions 3 Economy 4 Transports and commerce 5 Government and politics 6 Monuments 7 Native or famous people from Andalusia 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

History

Tartessians and Phoenicians

Tartessos, home of the once-powerful Tartessian civilization, was founded in Andalusia in pre-Roman times. Tartessos (also Tartessus) was a harbor city and its surrounding culture on the south coast of the The Phoenicians colonized several areas on the Andalusian coast during the latter part of the second millennium BC. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun The most important settlement was Cadiz (Gdr or Gdz in Hebrew) around 1100 BC. Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight

Carthaginians and Romans

With the fall of the Phoenician cities, Carthage became the dominant sea power of western Mediterranean and the most important trading partner for the Semitic towns along the Andalusian coast. Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ Between the first and second Carthaginian wars, Carthage extended its control beyond Andalusia to include all of Iberia except the Basquelands. Andalusia was the major staging ground for the war vs Rome led by the Barkid Hannibal. Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash The Romans defeated the Carthaginians and conquered Andalusia, the region being renamed Betica. Hispania Baetica was one of three Imperial Roman provinces in Hispania, (modern Iberia)

Vandals and Visigoths

The Vandals moved briefly through the region during the 5th century AD before settling in North Africa, after which the region fell into the hands of the Kingdom of the Visigoths who had to face the Byzantine interests in the region. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East

Muslim period

See also: Al-Andalus

The Umayyad Caliphate invasion of the Iberian peninsula in 711-718 marked the collapse of Visigothic rule. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or The initial Arab Muslim conquests (632–732 (فتح Fatah, literally opening, also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Andalucian culture was deeply influenced by over half a millennium of Muslim rule during the Middle Ages. Córdoba became the largest and richest city in Western Europe and one of the largest in the world. ||-||-||} Córdoba ( Cordova in English is a City in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. The Moors established universities in Andalusia, and cultivated scholarship, bringing together the greatest achievements of all of the civilizations they had encountered. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent During that period Moorish and Jewish scholars played a major part in reviving and contributing to Western astronomy, medicine, philosophy and mathematics. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and

It should be noted that under the Muslims, the name "Al-Andalus" was applied to a much larger area than the present Spanish province, and at some periods it referred to nearly the entire Iberian peninsula; it survived, however, as the name of the area where Muslim rule and culture persisted the longest.

With the fall of Seville in 1248 most of Andalucia came under Castilian control, leaving only the emirate of Granada under Muslim rule until it too was conquered by the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Castilian is a noun and adjective that refers to the region and former kingdom of Castile in Spain; in particular it may refer to a native person An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arab Monarch styled Emir. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. The Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon The largest Arabic speaking population was in Andalucia, which also received Moors from other regions who were driven south by the Reconquista, and although many either converted or left later, they gave the region its distinctive character till this day. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period

Andalucia is known for its Moorish and Moorish influenced architecture. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent Notable examples include the Alhambra in Granada, the Mezquita in Córdoba, the Torre del Oro and Giralda towers. This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. The Mezquita (Spanish for " Mosque " of Cordoba is a Roman Catholic Cathedral and former mosque situated in the Andalusian city of Córdoba ||-||-||} Córdoba ( Cordova in English is a City in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. The Torre del Oro ( Spanish for "Gold Tower" is a military watchtower built in Seville, Spain during the Almohad dynasty The Giralda is the Bell tower of the Cathedral of Seville in Seville, Spain, one of the largest churches in the world and an outstanding example Other architectural styles include Mozarabic, such as the Reales Alcázares in Seville, and the Alcazaba in Málaga. The Alcázar of Seville (Spanish "Alcázares Reales de Sevilla" or "Royal Alcazars of Seville" is a royal palace in Seville, Spain. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. The Alcazaba in Málaga, Spain is a Moorish fortification dating from the 8th century although much of it was built around the middle of the Archaeological ruins include Medina Azahara, near Córdoba, and the Roman city of Itálica, near Seville, and at Palos de la Frontera, in the province of Huelva, the Andalusian port from which Columbus's expedition of discovery was launched. The Ruins of Madinat al-Zahra (in Arabic: Madinat al-Zahra, مدينة الزهراء are located about 5 kilometers from Córdoba Spain. This article is about the city in Spain. Italica is also the name of the cultivar group of the species Brassica oleracea, commonly known as Palos de la Frontera or Palos, is a town and Municipality located in the southwestern Spanish province of Huelva, in the autonomous community Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia.

The Spanish language spoken in the Americas is largely descended from the Andalusian dialect of Spanish, although the Spanish spoken at the Canary Islands resembles more the Spanish spoken in the Caribbean. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America The Andalusian Dialect of Spanish (also called andaluz) is spoken in Andalusia, Ceuta, Melilla, and parts of southern This is due to the role played by Seville as the gateway to Spain's American territories during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain.

Andalusia Day (in Spanish, "Día de Andalucía") is celebrated on February 28, to commemorate the date of the successful referendum vote on autonomy. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution.

Administrative divisions

Province	Capital	Population	Density	Municipalities
Almería	Almería	635. Almería is a province of southern Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Granada, Murcia, and the Mediterranean Sea. 850	72,47 hab. /km²	Municipalities
Cádiz	Cádiz	1. This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Almería, in the Autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia, the southernmost part of continental Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight 180. 817	158,80 hab. /km²	Municipalities
Córdoba	Córdoba	788. This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Cádiz in the Autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Córdoba (Arabic قرطبة) traditionally named Cordova in English is a province of southern Spain, in the north-central part of the ||-||-||} Córdoba ( Cordova in English is a City in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. 287	72,47 hab. /km²	Municipalities
Granada	Granada	882. This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Córdoba in the Autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. 184	68,70 hab. /km²	Municipalities
Huelva	Huelva	483. This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Granada, in the Autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Huelva is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. 792	47,67 hab. /km²	Municipalities
Jaén	Jaén	662. This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Huelva, in the Autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Jaén is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. Jaén (جيان: Jayyān is a city in south-central Spain, the name is probably derived from the Arabic word Jayyan (crossroads of caravans 751	49,09 hab. /km²	Municipalities
Málaga	Málaga	1. This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Jaén, in the Autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. The Province of Málaga ( Spanish Provincia de Málaga) is located on the southern coast of Spain, in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia 491. 287	204,06 hab. /km²	Municipalities
Seville	Seville	1. This is a list of municipalities in the province of Málaga, in the Autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla) is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. 813. 908	129,23 hab. /km²	Municipalities

Other important Andalusian cities are:

• El Ejido, and Roquetas de Mar, Almería
• La Línea de la Concepción, Algeciras, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Rota, San Fernando, Jerez, and El Puerto, Cádiz
• Almuñécar, Guadix, Loja and Motril, Granada
• Linares, Úbeda and Baeza, Jaén
• Antequera, Ronda, Gaucin and Marbella, Málaga
• Dos Hermanas, Lebrija, Osuna and Utrera, Sevilla

Economy

Andalusia is traditionally an agricultural area, but the service sector (particularly tourism, retail sales, and transportation) now predominates. El Ejido is a Municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain Roquetas de Mar is a Municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalucía, La Línea de la Concepción (more often referred to as La Línea) is a town in Spain, in the province of Cádiz in Andalucia. Algeciras - Arabic: الجزيرة الخضراء is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest urban area on the Bay of Gibraltar Sanlúcar de Barrameda (or simply Sanlúcar) is a city in the northwest of Cádiz province, part of the autonomous community of Andalucía in Rota is a town of approximately 27000 people in the Andalusia region of Spain, located in Cádiz province across the Bay of Cádiz from San Fernando ( Spanish for Saint Ferdinand) may refer to San Fernando Buenos Aires, city of Greater Buenos Aires El Puerto de Santa María (Spanish for "The port/harbour of Saint Mary " locally known as just El Puerto) is a city located on the banks of the Guadalete Almuñécar is a municipality in the Spanish Autonomous Region of Andalusia on the Costa del Sol between Nerja ( Málaga) and Guadix, a city of southern Spain, in the province of Granada; on the left bank of the river Guadix a sub-tributary of the Guadiana Menor and on the Madrid Loja is a town in southern Spain, situated at the western limit of the province of Granada. Motril is a town and Municipality on the Mediterranean coast in the province of Granada, Spain. Úbeda ('uβeða is a town in the province of Jaén in Spain 's Autonomous community of Andalusia. Baeza is a town of approximately 15000 in Andalusia, Spain, in the province of Jaén, perched on a cliff in the Loma de Baeza, a mountain range For the municipality in the Philippines see Ronda Cebu, and the former settlement in California United States see Ronda California. Gaucín (pronounced gow-seen (unusually the 'c' is not a 'th' sound is a Village in the mountains of Andalusia in southern Spain, inland from Marbella is a city in Andalusia, Spain, by the Mediterranean, situated in the province of Málaga, beneath La Concha. Dos Hermanas is a Spanish City 15 km (93 miles south of Sevilla in Andalusia. Lebrija is a City in the province of Sevilla, Andalusia ( Spain) near the left bank of the Guadalquivir river and on the Osuna is a town and Municipality in Sevilla province, Spain, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Climate Utrera's climate is characterized by the annual alternation between a dry period which lasts more than four months and which has high temperatures and another one humid The construction sector, now growing very quickly, also makes an important contribution to the region’s economic fabric. The industrial sector is less developed than in other regions in Spain. As of early 2008, the regional economy is experiencing sustained growth. ^[1]

According to the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Estadística, the GDP per capita of Andalusia (€17,401, 2006) is still the second lowest in Spain. The National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística is the official organisation in Spain that collects Statistics about demography At the same time, the economic growth rate for the 2000-2006 period was 3. 72%, one of the highest in the country. ^[2]

Transports and commerce

The main road in the region is the European Route E15.

Government and politics

The Autonomous Community of Andalusia is administrated through the "Junta de Andalucia" and is one of the four historic regions of Spain. It has a local parliament and president. The Andalusian Parliament is the legislature of the Spanish Autonomous Community of Andalusia instituted by the Andalusian Charter of Autonomy of

Monuments

• El Torcal, Antequera
• Medina Azahara, Cordoba
• Mezquita, Cordoba
• Alhambra, Granada
• Palace of Charles V Granada
• Charterhouse, Granada
• Albayzín, Granada
• Alcazaba, Malaga
• El Tajo, Ronda
• La Giralda, Sevilla
• Torre del Oro, Sevilla
• Plaza de España (Seville), Sevilla
• Seville Cathedral, Sevilla
• Alcázar of Seville, Sevilla

Native or famous people from Andalusia

Main article: List of Andalusians

Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi Antonio Banderas Antonio Gala Antonio Machado Averroes Baltasar Garzón Blas Infante Camarón de la Isla Carmen Sevilla Carlos Herrera Chiquito de la Calzada Cristina Hoyos David Bisbal Enrique Morente Estrella Morente

Eva Yerbabuena Diego Velázquez Federico García Lorca Felipe González Fernando Hierro Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer Hadrian Ibn Bajjah Isabel Pantoja Isidoro de Sevilla Israel Galván Jean Reno Joaquín Sabina Juan Gomez "Juanito" Juan Ramon Jimenez Lola Flores

Luis de Góngora Maimonides Manolo Caracol Manuel de Falla Pablo Picasso Paco de Lucía Rafael Alberti Rocío Jurado Rosa López Sara Baras Seneca the Younger Sergio Ramos Soledad Miranda Tomatito Trajan Vicente Amigo

See also

• Andalusian people
• List of Andalusians
• Andalusian nationalism
• Music of Andalusia
• Andalusian cuisine
• Flamenco
• The Roman Bética Route

References

External links

• Official Tourism Website of Andalusia
• A wide range of information of Andalusia
• History of the Andalusian Flag
• Andalucia Photo and History Pages
• FiestasdeAndalucia.com Fairs and traditional fiestas of Andalusia

Coordinates: 37°22′N 5°59′W / 37.367, -5.983

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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