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Paintings from Val Camonica, Italy, c.10,000 BC, have been claimed to depict extraterrestrial visitors. It has also been posited that they show gods or other mythological persons from religions of that time.
Paintings from Val Camonica, Italy, c. Valcamonica Lombard valleys of the biggest and as famous as for its battails facts in ancient stories to noble families and very honorable and men who were distinguished for letters for weapons Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest 10,000 BC, have been claimed to depict extraterrestrial visitors. It has also been posited that they show gods or other mythological persons from religions of that time.
The Dogū (土偶) has been speculated to be an Ancient Astronaut that visited earth during the Jōmon period of Ancient Japan; it shows features claimed to resemble a space suit, goggles and a space helmet.
The Dogū (土偶) has been speculated to be an Ancient Astronaut that visited earth during the Jōmon period of Ancient Japan; it shows features claimed to resemble a space suit, goggles and a space helmet. Dogū (土偶 Dogū, "clay idol/figurine" are small humanoid and animal Figurines made during the late Jōmon period (14000 BC to 400 BC The is the time in Japanese prehistory from about 14000 BC to 400 BC. The covers the period from around 100000 to 30000 BC when the earliest Stone tool implements have been found to around 14000 BC at the end of the last Ice-age, which corresponds

Ancient astronaut theories are various proposals that Earth has been visited by intelligent extraterrestrial beings, and that such contact is linked to either the origins or development of human cultures, technologies and/or religions. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 Extraterrestrial life is Life originating outside of the Earth. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Some of these theories suggests that gods from most — if not all — religions are actually extraterrestrial beings, and their technologies were mistaken for divine entities by primitive man[1][2]. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. While no peer-reviewed scientific journal validates such claims, these theories have been popularized, particularly in the latter half of the 20th century, by writers Erich von Däniken, Zecharia Sitchin and others[3]. Peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of subjecting an author's scholarly work research or Ideas to the scrutiny of others who are For a broader class of publications which include scientific journals see Academic journal. Erich Anton Paul von Däniken (b Zofingen, Aargau, Switzerland, April 14 1935 is a controversial Swiss author best known for his books which present Zecharia Sitchin (born 1922 is an author of books promoting an Ancient astronaut theory of human origins

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Ancient astronaut adherents often claim that humans are either descendants or creations of beings who landed on Earth millennia ago. An associated theory is that much of human knowledge, religion and culture came from extraterrestrial visitors in ancient times: ancient astronauts acted as a “mother culture”. A mother culture is a term for an early people and their Culture, with great and widespread influence on later cultures and people These ideas are generally discounted by the scientific community[4].

Ancient astronaut theories also may include the idea that civilization may have evolved on earth twice, and that the visitation of ancient astronauts may reflect the return of descendants of ancient humans whose population was separated from earthbound humans.

Proponents of ancient astronaut theories point to what they perceive as gaps in historical and archaeological records and also what they see as an absence of definitive explanations in certain contexts from the archaeological sciences. Advocates of these theories put forward as evidence their interpretations of various archaeological artifacts, which they deem to have been anachronistic or beyond the presumed technical capabilities of the historical cultures they are associated with (see "OOPArt"). In Archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological An anachronism (from the Greek "ana" " ανά " "against anti-" and "chronos" " χρόνος " An out-of-place artifact ( OOPArt) is a term coined by American zoologist Ivan T Another common theme relies upon the interpretation of depictions in certain ancient artworks as being representations of actual extraterrestrial visitors as realized by the contacted cultures.

Critics maintain, however, that any gaps in contemporary knowledge of the past do not demonstrate that such speculative ideas are a necessary, or even plausible, conclusion to draw from the available data. A number of ancient astronaut claims are made in direct opposition to the consensus scientific interpretation of evidence and to legitimate scientific explanations. The scientific community remains generally skeptical, and the dominant view is that there is no actual evidence to support ancient astronaut and paleocontact theories. [5]

Ancient astronaut theories may be considered a subset of paleocontact theory, a hypothesis that intelligent extraterrestrials have visited Earth. A hypothesis (from Greek) consists either of a suggested explanation for a phenomenon (an event that is observable or of a reasoned proposal suggesting a possible Carl Sagan, I.S. Shklovskii and Hermann Oberth are three notable scientists who have seriously considered this possibility. Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky ( Ио́сиф Самуи́лович Шкло́вский) ( Glukhov, Ukraine, July 1 1916 &ndash Hermann Julius Oberth ( June 25, 1894 &ndash December 28, 1989) was a Austro-Hungarian -born German ( Transylvanian

Adherents

Pseudoscientific Concepts
Claims:

Intelligent extraterrestrials visited the Earth in ancient times and profoundly affected the development of human civilization. Pseudoscience is defined as a body of knowledge methodology belief or practice that is claimed to be Scientific or made to appear scientific but does not adhere to the

Related scientific disciplines:

Archaeology

Year proposed:1919

Original proponents:

Charles Fort, Erich von Däniken

Current proponents:

Robert K. G. Temple, Zecharia Sitchin, Richard C. Hoagland, Burak Eldem, Ellen Lloyd

Ancient astronaut theories have been advanced by authors such as:

Theosophy

Theosophical writings of the 19th and early 20th centuries contain many precursors to the ancient astronaut theories. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rodman Edward "Rod" Serling ( December 25, 1924 &ndash June 28, 1975) was an American Screenwriter, best known Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Robert K G Temple (born in the US in 1945 is an American author best known for his controversial book The Sirius Mystery (1976 though Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Zecharia Sitchin (born 1922 is an author of books promoting an Ancient astronaut theory of human origins Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Richard C Hoagland (born April 25, 1945) is an author who claims that advanced civilizations exist or once existed on the Moon, Mars and on Burak Eldem (born 1961 is a Turkish writer/researcher a former radio and TV programmer web developer and journalist Alan F Alford, B Com, FCA, MBA is a British writer and lecturer on the subjects of ancient religion Mythology, and Egyptology This article is about the philosophy introduced by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky Theosophy influenced authors such as H. P. Lovecraft, Charles Fort, and Erich von Däniken. This article is about the philosophy introduced by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of horror, fantasy Charles Hoy Fort ( 6 August, 1874 &ndash 3 May, 1932) was a Dutch-American writer and researcher into anomalous phenomena Erich Anton Paul von Däniken (b Zofingen, Aargau, Switzerland, April 14 1935 is a controversial Swiss author best known for his books which present

Erich von Däniken

Erich von Däniken was a leading proponent of this theory in the late 1960s and early 1970s, gaining a large audience through the 1968 publication of his best-selling book Chariots of the Gods and its sequels. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Chariots of the Gods? Unsolved Mysteries of the Past is a book written in 1968 by Erich von Däniken. Von Däniken's evidence for his vision of paleocontact is:

Since the publication of von Däniken's books, no substantial evidence has been found to verify his claims, while much claimed evidence has been disproven[7].

Zecharia Sitchin

Zecharia Sitchin's series The Earth Chronicles, beginning with The 12th Planet, revolves around Sitchin's interpretation of ancient Sumerian and Middle Eastern texts, megalithic sites and artifacts from around the world. Zecharia Sitchin (born 1922 is an author of books promoting an Ancient astronaut theory of human origins The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. He theorizes the gods of old Mesopotamia were actually astronauts from the planet "Nibiru", which Sitchin claims the Sumerians believed to be a remote "12th planet" (counting the Sun, Moon, and Pluto as planets) associated with the god Marduk. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding There are a number of planets or planetary bodies whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence but which are occasionally believed to exist by Pseudoscientists Conspiracy Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI According to Sitchin, Nibiru continues to orbit our sun on a 3,600-year elongated orbit. Though modern astronomy has yet to find any direct evidence of this hypothetical planet, a number of recent observations of anomalies in the Kuiper belt and cometary trajectories have led some mainstream astronomers to suggest the explanation lies in the existence of a large planetary or stellar body beyond our known solar system. The Kuiper belt (ˈkaɪpɚ to rhyme with "viper" sometimes called the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, is a region of the Solar System beyond the planets extending Sitchin also suggests that the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter is the shattered remains of the ancient planet "Tiamat" which he claims was destroyed in one of Niburu's orbits through the solar system. In Babylonian mythology, Tiamat is the sea personified as a Goddess, and a monstrous embodiment of Primordial chaos.

According to Sitchin, the Sumerians relate how 50 Anunnaki, the inhabitants of Nibiru, came to Earth approximately 400,000 years ago with the intent of mining raw materials, especially gold, for transport back to Nibiru. The Anunnaki (also transcribed as Anunnaku, Ananaki) are a group of Sumerian and Akkadian deities related to and in some cases With their small numbers they soon tired of the task and set out to genetically engineer laborers to work the mines. After much trial and error they eventually created homo sapiens sapiens: the "Adapa" (model man) or Adam of later mythology. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Adapa or Adamu son of Ea (according to Sayce was a Sumerian and Babylonian mythical figure who accidentally rejected the gift of Immortality Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living Sitchin claims the Anunnaki were active in human affairs until their culture was destroyed by global catastrophes caused by the abrupt end of the last ice-age some 12,000 years ago. Seeing that humans survived and all they had built was destroyed, from that point he says, "kingship was lowered from heaven to Earth" and the Anunnaki left Earth after giving humans the opportunity and means to govern themselves.

Robert Temple

Robert K. G. Temple's 1976 book, The Sirius Mystery argues that the Dogon people of northwestern Mali preserved an account of extraterrestrial visitation from around 5,000 years ago. Robert K G Temple (born in the US in 1945 is an American author best known for his controversial book The Sirius Mystery (1976 though The Sirius Mystery is a book by Robert K G Temple first published in 1976 The Dogon are a group of people living in the central plateau region of Mali, south of the Niger bend near the city of Bandiagara in the Mopti Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa. He quotes various lines of evidence, including supposed advanced astronomical knowledge inherited by the tribe, descriptions, and comparative belief systems with ancient civilizations such as ancient Egypt and Sumer. Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar His work draws heavily on the studies of cultural anthropologists, Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen[8]. Marcel Griaule (1898 &ndash 1956 was a French anthropologist known for his studies of the Dogon people of West Africa, and for pioneering Germaine Dieterlen (1903-1999 was a French Anthropologist. She was a student of Marcel Mauss and wrote on a large range of Ethnographic topics and made

His conclusions however, were criticized by Carl Sagan and Ian Ridpath, among others, who pointed out discrepancies within Temple's account, and suggested that the Dogon may have received some of their astronomical information recently and probably from European sources[9][10]. Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author Ian (William Ridpath (born 1 May 1947, Ilford, Essex) is an English science writer and broadcaster made famous for his investigation In addition, noted anthropologist and ecologist, Walter E. A. van Beek criticizes Temple's sources, mainly Griaule, for misrepresenting Dogon ethnography, imposing his own ideas, and fabricating his account[11]. Responding to van Beek's article, daughter and colleague of Marcel Griaule, Genevieve Calame-Griaule dismissed van Beek's charges as being marred by a confusion of esoteric traditions and based almost entirely on speculation[12]. van Beek continues to maintain that Griaule was wrong and cites other anthropologists who also reject his work[13].

Temple responded to his critics by pointing out that certain information, like the density of Sirius B, had only been acquired by Westerners but a few years earlier. Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky with a visual Apparent magnitude of &minus1 He also noted the possible detection of a third star in 1995[14], which had already been documented as being incorporated into Dogon mythology[15]. Skeptic and space journalist James Oberg was cautious in his approach to the information, stating that enthusiasts of Temple's claims have neither been proven or disproved in their assertions, and while Temple was not able to establish unquestionably the antiquity of most of the information in question, speculative notions of recent attainment from Europeans is "entirely circumstantial", and concludes that it is likely we will never know for sure and this case may in fact remain a mystery[16]. James Edward Oberg (born 1944 (often known as Jim Oberg) is an American Space Journalist and Historian, regarded as an expert on

Raëlian religious movement

Raëlism, or Raëlianism, is a religious movement created by Claude Vorilhon (or Raël). Raëlism or Raëlian Church consists of the practitioners of a UFO religion founded by a former French sports-car journalist and test driver named Claude Claude Maurice Marcel Vorilhon (born September 30, 1946 in Vichy, Allier, France) is the founder and current leader of the recent Claude Maurice Marcel Vorilhon (born September 30, 1946 in Vichy, Allier, France) is the founder and current leader of the recent Raël claims to have encountered extraterrestrials on a number of occasions. On one such occasion, he claims that he was informed that humans were created by an advanced extraterrestrial humanoid race the Elohim, using their knowledge of DNA & Genetics. Elohim ( אֱלוֹהִים, אלהים) is a Hebrew word which expresses concepts of Divinity. The Raëlian movement also argues against evolution and supports human cloning. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Cloning in Biology is the process of producing populations of genetically-identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as Bacteria, Insects

Purported evidence

Religious texts

Proponents cite ancient mythologies to support their viewpoints based on theories that hold that ancient creation myths of a god or gods who descend from the heavens to earth to create or instruct man are actually representations of alien visitors, whose superior technology accounts for their reception as gods. Arguably similar phenomenon are known in modern times as it has sometimes been the case when isolated cultures are exposed to Western technology. In the early 20th century, "cargo cults" were discovered in the South Pacific; cultures who believed various Western ships and their cargo to be sent from the Gods as fulfillment of prophecies concerning their return[17]. As Arthur C. Clarke surmised in his 1961 book Profiles of the Future, "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic" [18].

Flying machines are sometimes mentioned in ancient texts with one example the Vimanas, flying machines that can be found in the Sanskrit epics of India. A vimāna (विमान is a mythical flying machine described in the Sanskrit epics. Indian epic poetry is the Epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country These tales range from fantastic aerial battles employing various weaponry, to the mundane relating simple technical information, flight procedure, and flights of fancy. (See also Vaimanika Shastra, a text on Vimanas "channeled" in the early 20th century. The Vyamanika Shastra ("Science of Aeronautics" also Vimanika Vymanika) is an early 20th century Sanskrit text obtained by chanelling on aeronautics )[19]

In the Biblical Old Testament, the Book of Ezekiel tells of a flying object seen as a fiery whirlwind which when descended to the ground gave the appearance of being made of metal. In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. The Book of Ezekiel is a book of the Hebrew Bible (of the Books of the Bible) named after the prophet Ezekiel. It is described among other things as a wheel within a wheel containing four occupants, "living creatures", whose likeness was that of man. The passage goes on to say that wherever the wheels went the creatures went, and when the living creatures were lifted up the wheels were lifted up [20]. The apocryphal Book of Enoch tells of similar flying objects and beings, but goes further in that Enoch is taken on journeys to various corners of the Earth in the object and at one point even travels to the heavens [21]. In several chapters of the Old Testament, the Hebrew God Yaweh is depicted as traveling as a column of smoke and/or fire[22] and making the sound of a trumpet. [23] These descriptions also describe Yahweh as a physical presence[24], not an abstraction. Yahweh is described raining lightning[25] and stones[26] down upon the enemies of the Hebrews. However, descriptions of the Hebrew God have also featured protecting wings and outstretched arms in the Psalms, features which may be considered contrary to theories of mechanical manifestations of God[27].

Additionally, the characteristics of the Ark of the Covenant and the Urim and Thummim are identified as suggesting high technology, perhaps from alien origins[28]. The Ark of the Covenant (אָרוֹן הָבְרִית ʔārōn hāb’rīθ, Modern aron habrit) is described in the Bible as a sacred container wherein In ancient Israelite religion and culture Urim and Thummim (האורים והתומים Standard   haʾUrim vəhaTummim

Artifacts and artwork

Alleged physical evidence includes the discovery of artifacts in Egypt and Peru, which are claimed to be similar to modern planes and gliders[29], although typically these have been interpreted by archaeologists as stylized representations of birds and insects. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America.

More support of this theory draws upon what are claimed to be flying saucers in medieval and renaissance art. Flying saucer is the name given to a type of Unidentified flying object (UFO with a disc- or Saucer -shaped body usually described as silver or metallic The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Objects in the paintings that cannot be explained with relevance to the art piece are assumed by adherents to be flying saucers[30]. This is used to support the ancient astronaut theory by attempting to show that the creators of humanity return to check up on their creation throughout time.

Other artistic support for the ancient astronaut theory has been sought in Palaeolithic cave paintings. The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone" Cave paintings are Paintings on Cave walls and ceilings and the term is used especially for those dating to Prehistoric times Vondijina in Australia and Val Camonica in Italy (seen above) are claimed to bear a resemblance to present day astronauts. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Valcamonica Lombard valleys of the biggest and as famous as for its battails facts in ancient stories to noble families and very honorable and men who were distinguished for letters for weapons Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Supporters of the ancient astronaut theory sometimes claim that similarities such as dome shaped heads, interpreted as beings wearing space helmets, prove that early man was visited by an extraterrestrial race[31].

Nazca Lines

The ancient Nazca lines comprise hundreds of enormous ground drawings etched into the high desert landscape of Peru which consist primarily of geometric shapes, but also include depictions of a variety of animals and at least one human[32]. The Nazca lines are a series of Geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert, a high arid plateau that stretches more than 80 km (50 miles between the towns of Nazca Many supporters of this theory cite the Nazca lines as evidence because the figures created by the lines are most clearly depicted or only able to be seen when viewed from the air. Writing professor Joe Nickell of the University of Kentucky, using only technology he believed to be available to people of the time, was able to recreate one of the larger figures with a reasonable degree of accuracy[33]. The University of Kentucky, also known as UK, is a public, Co-educational, University, and is also the state's land-grant university located

Monumental architecture

Evidence for ancient astronauts is claimed to include the existence of ancient monuments and megalithic ruins such as the Giza pyramids of Egypt, Machu Picchu in Peru, or Baalbek in Lebanon[34]. The Giza Necropolis stands on the Giza Plateau on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. Machu Picchu (Machu Pikchu "Old Peak" 'mɑtʃu 'piktʃu is a Pre-Columbian Inca site located 2400 meters (7875 ft above sea level Baalbek (بعلبك is a town in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, altitude 1170 m (3850 ft situated east of the Litani River. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Supporters contend these stone structures could not have been built with the technical abilities and tools of the people of the time and further argue that many could not be duplicated even today. They suggest that the large size of the building stones, the precision in which they were laid, and the distances many were transported leaves the question open as to who constructed these sites. These contentions are categorically rejected by mainstream archeology. Such allegations are not unique in history, however, as similar reasoning lay behind the wonder of the Cyclopean masonry walling at Mycenaean cities in the eyes of Greeks of the following "Dark Age," who believed that the giant Cyclopes had built the walls. Cyclopean masonry is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture built with huge Limestone Boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal Mycenaean Greece is a cultural period of ancient Greece taking its name from the archaeological site of Mycenae in northeastern Argolis, in the Peloponnese The Dark Ages (ca 1150 BC–800 BC refers to Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean civilization in the 11th century

Baalbek, Lebanon

The three largest megalithic stones at Baalbek which together are referred to as the "Trilithon", are the largest stones quarried by man and are estimated to weigh 500 tons each with an even larger fourth stone left lying in the quarry over 1/2 of a mile away[35]. Baalbek (بعلبك is a town in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, altitude 1170 m (3850 ft situated east of the Litani River. A trilithon (or trilith) is a structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel The three stones sit on top of a wall nearly 26ft high, slightly lower than the quarry, comprised of similar stones weighing between 50-500 tons.

Moai of Easter Island

Challenging the idea that the transporting of huge megaliths by ancient man was beyond their capabilities, archaeologists at Easter Island have attempted to demonstrate how people with stone age technology could have moved small megaliths short distances like some of the Easter Island Moai[36]. Moai (or mo‘ai) (ˈmoʊаɪ are Monolithic human figures carved from rock on the Polynesian island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island The poured concrete Moai used in the demonstration weighed approximately 6 tons and was lifted onto the sled by modern crane, but was able to be moved with rollers several meters and erected upright[37]. Actual Moai, however, weigh on average 12. 5 metric tons with the largest erected being 74. 4 metric tons[38].

Criticism

Other than the proponents' own interpretations of ancient writings and artifacts, there has yet to be found any hard evidence to support the ancient astronaut hypothesis.

Alan F. Alford, author of “Gods of the New Millennium”, (1996) is an adherent of the ancient astronaut theory. Alan F Alford, B Com, FCA, MBA is a British writer and lecturer on the subjects of ancient religion Mythology, and Egyptology Much of his work draws on Sitchin’s theories. However, he does admit to some faults in Sitchin’s theory after deeper analysis. [39] “I am now firmly of the opinion that these gods personified the falling sky; in other words, the descent of the gods was a poetic rendition of the cataclysm myth which stood at the heart of ancient Near Eastern religions. ” (Alford)(see Fermi Paradox). The Fermi paradox is the apparent contradiction between high estimates of the probability of the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations and the lack of evidence for

Ancient astronauts in fiction and arts

The ancient astronaut theory has been addressed frequently in science fiction and horror fiction, especially in TV and film, as human-like aliens are usually easier to cast and cheaper to clothe. Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience Early occurrences in the genres include:

Novels and comics

Movies and television series

Music

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Lieb, Michael (1998). Children of Ezekiel: Aliens, Ufos, the Crisis of Race, and the Advent of End Time. Duke University Press, p. 250. ISBN 0-8223-2268-4.  
  2. ^ (1961) Cithara. St. Bonaventure University, p. 12.  
  3. ^ Von Däniken, Erich (1984). Chariots of the Gods. Berkley Pub Group. ISBN 0-4250-7481-1.  
  4. ^ Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize. Retrieved on May 18, 2007.
  5. ^ Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize. Retrieved on May 18, 2007.
  6. ^ Lhote, Henri (1903-1991)
  7. ^ Erich von Daniken's Chariots of the Gods: Science or Charlatanism?, Robert Sheaffer. First published in the "NICAP UFO Investigator", October/November, 1974. http://www.debunker.com/texts/vondanik.html
  8. ^ Temple, Robert K. G. , The Sirius Mystery, 1976. ISBN 0 09 925744 0
  9. ^ Sagan, Carl, Broca’s Brain, published by Random House, Inc. in 1974
  10. ^ Investigating the Sirius "Mystery" - Skeptical Inquirer (1978) Ian Ridpath
  11. ^ Walter E. A. van Beek: "Dogon Restudied: A Field Evaluation of the Work of Marcel Griaule. " Current Anthropology, 32 (1991): 139-167.
  12. ^ Genevieve Calame-Griaule: "On the Dogon Restudied. " Current Anthropology, Vol. 32, No. 5 (Dec. , 1991), pp. 575-577
  13. ^ van Beek, Walter E. A. , "Haunting Griaule: Experiences from the Restudy of the Dogon" History in Africa, Vol. 31. (2004), pp. 43-68.
  14. ^ Benest, D. , & Duvent, J. L. (1995) "Is Sirius a triple star?". Astronomy and Astrophysics 299: 621-628
  15. ^ Temple, Robert K. G. The Sirius Mystery: New Scientific Evidence of Alien Contact 5,000 Years Ago. New York: St. Destiny Books (1998)
  16. ^ James Oberg, "Chapter 6, The Sirius Mystery", in UFOs and Outer Space Mysteries, (1982) Donning Press
  17. ^ The Cargo Cults
  18. ^ Quote Details: Arthur C. Clarke: Any sufficiently advanced technology... - The Quotations Page
  19. ^ David Hatcher Childress (The Anti-Gravity Handbook)
  20. ^ King James Red Letter edition 1944, Ezekiel 1:1–28
  21. ^ Book of Enoch Together with a Reprint of Greek Fragments (1912) ISBN 1-56459-523-4
  22. ^ Exodus 13:21
  23. ^ Exodus 19:16–19
  24. ^ Numbers 35:34
  25. ^ 2 Samuel 22:10–16
  26. ^ Joshua 10:10–11
  27. ^ God: a Biography, Jack Miles 1996 ISBN-10: 0679743685
  28. ^ FarShores.org AncientDimensions Mysteries: De-Coded: The Ark Of The Covenant
  29. ^ World Mysteries - Strange Artifacts, Ancient Flying Machines
  30. ^ Art and UFO - Part 5
  31. ^ UFO Evidence
  32. ^ Nazca Lines and Culture - Crystalinks
  33. ^ The Mysterious Nazca Lines
  34. ^ Baalbek, Lebanon
  35. ^ Coulton, J. David Hatcher Childress (born 1957 is an American Author of books on topics in Alternative history. J. , "Lifting in Early Greek Architecture" The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 94. (1974), pp. 1-19.
  36. ^ NOVA Online | Secrets of Lost Empires | Easter Island
  37. ^ NOVA Online | Secrets of Lost Empires | Easter Island
  38. ^ Moai@Everything2.com
  39. ^ Ancient Astronauts

Further reading

External links

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