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For other uses, see Analysis (disambiguation).

Contents

Analysis (from Greek ἀνάλυσις, "a breaking up") is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.


As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to Ibn al-Haytham,[1] Descartes (Discourse on the Method), Galileo, and Newton, as a practical method of physical discovery. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> ( Arabic: ابو علی، حسن بن حسن بن هيثم Latinized Organization How to think correctly The Method of Science Morals Maxims deduced from this Method Proof of God and the Soul Physics the heart Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher The newton (symbol N) is the SI derived unit of Force, named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on Classical

Use in specific fields

Chemistry

See also: Analytical chemistry and List of chemical analysis methods

The field of chemistry uses analysis to break down chemical processes and examine chemical reactions between elements of matter. Analytical chemistry is the study of the Chemical composition of natural and artificial Materials. A list of chemical analysis methods with acronyms List of methods Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS Atomic emission spectroscopy Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties In a " scientific " sense a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more Chemicals or Chemical compounds Such a chemical A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. Matter is commonly defined as being anything that has mass and that takes up space. For example, analysis of the concentration of elements is important in managing a nuclear reactor, so nuclear scientists will analyze neutron activation to develop discrete measurements within vast samples. This article is a subarticle of Nuclear power. A nuclear reactor is a device in which Nuclear chain reactions are initiated controlled The nucleus of an Atom is the very dense region consisting of Nucleons ( Protons and Neutrons, at the center of an atom Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA is a nuclear process used for determining certain concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials A matrix can have a considerable effect on the way a chemical analysis is conducted and the quality of its results. In Chemical analysis, matrix refers to the components of a sample other than the Analyte. Analysis can be done manually or with a device. An analyser, also spelt analyzer, is a device that analyses given data Chemical analysis is an important element of national security among the major world powers with Materials Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) capabilities. National security is the entire scope of measures undertaken by the Governments of Nation-states in providing assurance of national Sovereignty A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale Materials MASINT is one of the six major disciplines generally accepted to make up the field of Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT with due regard that the MASINT Measurement and Signature Intelligence, or MASINT, refers to intelligence gathering activities that bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the

Isotopes

See also: Isotope analysis and Isotope geochemistry

Chemists can use isotopes to assist analysts with issues in anthropology, archeology, food chemistry, forensics, geology, and a host of other questions of physical science. Isotope analysis is the identification of Isotopic signature, the distribution of certain Stable isotopes and chemical elements within chemical compounds Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of Geology based upon study of the relative and absolute concentrations of the elements and their Isotopes in the Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Food chemistry is the study of Chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of Natural science and Science that study non-living systems in contrast to the biological sciences Analysts can discern the origins of natural and man-made isotopes in the study of environmental radioactivity. Environmental Radioactivity is the study of radioactive materials in the Human environment.

Computer science

Economics

Engineering

See also: Engineering analysis

Analysts in the field of engineering look at structures, mechanisms, systems and dimensions. To analyze an Algorithm is to determine the amount of resources (such as time and storage necessary to execute it Competitive analysis is a method invented for analyzing online algorithms, in which the performance of an online algorithm (which must satisfy an unpredictable sequence of requests The worst-case execution time ( WCET) of a Computational task is the maximum length of time the task could take to execute on a specific Hardware platform Computer program analysis is the process of automatically analysing the behavior of computerprograms Static code analysis is the analysis of computer Software that is performed without actually executing programs built from that software (analysis performed on executing In Computer science and Linguistics, parsing, or more formally syntactic analysis, is the process of analyzing a sequence of tokens to A compiler is a Computer program (or set of programs that translates text written in a computer language (the source language) into another In Computer science, lexical analysis is the process of converting a sequence of characters into a sequence of tokens Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD is a Software engineering approach that models a system as a group of interacting objects Each object represents some entity Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method ( SSADM) is a systems approach to the analysis and design of information systems Business Analysis is the set of tasks knowledge and techniques required to identify business needs and determine solutions to business problems Agroecosystem analysis is a thorough analysis of an Agricultural environment taking into consideration aspects such as Ecology, Social relations, Economics Financial analysis refers to an assessment of the viability stability and profitability of a Business, sub-business or Project. Fundamental analysis of a business involves analyzing its Financial statements and health its management and competitive advantages and its Competitors and The Input-output model of economics uses a matrix representation of a nation's (or a region's economy to predict the effect of changes in one industry on others and by Technical analysis is a Financial markets technique that claims the ability to forecast the future direction of security prices through the study of past market Price analysis involves the breakdown of a price to a unit figure A Market analysis is a documented investigation of a Market that is used to inform a firm's planning activities particularly around decision of Inventory, purchase Engineering analysis, when applied in the context of engineered systems involves the application of scientific analytic principles and processes to reveal the properties and state Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and predict the behavior of structures Systems analysis is the Interdisciplinary part of Science, dealing with analysis of sets of interacting or entities the Systems often prior to their automation Dimensional analysis is a conceptual tool often applied in Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, Mathematics and Statistics to understand Electrical engineers analyze systems in electronics. Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of Engineering that deals with the study and application of See also Systems analysis. MISO redirects here for the data line see Serial Peripheral Interface Bus. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Life cycles and system failures are broken down and studied by engineers. Accident Analysis is carried out in order to determine the cause or causes of an accident or series of accidents so as prevent further incidents of a similar kind

Intelligence

See also: Intelligence analysis

The field of intelligence employs analysts to break down and understand a wide array of questions. This article deals with the intellectual process of analysis itself as opposed to Intelligence analysis management, which in turn is a subcomponent of Intelligence Intelligence (abbreviated int or intel) is not Information, but the product of evaluated information valued for its currency and relevance rather than intelligence agencies may use heuristics, inductive and deductive reasoning, social network analysis, dynamic network analysis, link analysis, and brainstorming to sort through problems they face. An intelligence agency is a governmental agency that is devoted to the Information gathering (known in the context as " intelligence " heuristic (hyu̇-ˈris-tik is a method to help solve a problem commonly an informal method Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of Reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed Deductive reasoning is Reasoning which uses deductive Arguments to move from given statements ( Premises to Conclusions which must be true if the A social network is a Social structure made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency such as Dynamic network analysis (DNA is an emergent scientific field that brings together traditional Social network analysis (SNA Link analysis (LA and Multi-agent Network analysis can refer to Analysis of general networks see Network theory. Brainstorming is a group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of Ideas for the solution to a Problem. Military intelligence may explore issues through the use of game theory, Red Teaming, and wargaming. Military intelligence (abbreviated MI int Commonwealth, or intel Game theory is a branch of Applied mathematics that is used in the Social sciences (most notably Economics) Biology, Engineering, In wargaming, the Opposing force in a simulated military conflict is known as the Red Team, and is used to reveal weaknesses in current military readiness Military simulations, also known informally as war games, are simulations in which theories of warfare can be tested and refined without the need for actual hostilities Signals intelligence applies cryptanalysis and frequency analysis to break codes and ciphers. Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden" and analýein, "to loosen" or "to untie" is the study of methods for In Cryptanalysis, frequency analysis is the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a Ciphertext. In Cryptography, a code is a method used to transform a Message into an obscured form preventing those who do not possess special information or key In Cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an Algorithm for performing Encryption and Decryption &mdash a series of well-defined steps Business intelligence applies theories of competitive intelligence analysis and competitor analysis to resolve questions in the marketplace. Business intelligence ( BI) refers to technologies applications and practices for the collection integration analysis and presentation of business Information and A broad definition of Competitive Intelligence is the action of gathering analyzing and applying information about products domain constituents customers and competitors for the short term Competitor analysis in Marketing and Strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential Competitors This analysis A marketplace is the space actual or metaphorical in which a Market operates Law enforcement intelligence applies a number of theories in crime analysis. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Crime analysis is a law enforcement function that involves systematic analysis for identifying and analyzing patterns and trends in Crime and Disorder.

Linguistics

See also: Linguistics

Linguistics began with the analysis of Sanskrit; today it looks at individual languages and language in general. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them It breaks language down and analyzes its component parts: theory, sounds and their meaning, utterance usage, word origins, the history of words, the meaning of words and word combinations, sentence construction, basic construction beyond the sentence level, stylistics, and conversation. Theoretical linguistics is the branch of Linguistics that is most concerned with developing models of linguistic knowledge Phonology ( Greek φωνή (phōnē voice sound + λόγος (lógos word speech subject of discussion is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning Pragmatics is the study of the ability of Natural language speakers to communicate more than that which is explicitly stated Morphology is the field of Linguistics that studies the internal structure of words Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time Lexical semantics is a subfield of linguistic Semantics. It is the study of how and what the words of a language denote (Pustejovsky 1995 Phraseology appeared in the domain of Lexicology and is undergoing the process of segregating as a separate branch of Linguistics. In Linguistics, syntax (from Ancient Greek grc συν- syn-, "together" and grc τάξις táxis, "arrangement" is the Discourse analysis (DA or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written spoken or signed language use Stylistics is the study of varieties of Language whose properties position that language in context. Conversation analysis (commonly abbreviated as CA) is the study of talk in interaction It examines the above using statistics and modeling, and semantics. Computational linguistics is an Interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of Natural language from a computational In Linguistics, semantic analysis is the process of relating syntactic structures from the levels of Phrases Clauses sentences and It analyzes language in context of anthropology, biology, evolution, geography, history, neurology, psychology, and sociology. Anthropological linguistics is the study of the relations between language and culture and the relations between human biology cognition and language Biolinguistics is the study of the Biology and evolution of Language. Evolutionary linguistics is the Scientific study of the origins and development of language. Language geography is the branch of Human geography that studies the geographic distribution of language or its constituent elements Historical linguistics (also called diachronic linguistics) is the study of language change Neurolinguistics is the science concerned with the human brain mechanisms underlying the comprehension production and abstract knowledge of Language, be it spoken Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable Humans to acquire use Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of Society, including cultural norms expectations and context on the way Language is used It also takes the applied approach, looking at individual language development and clinical issues. Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies investigates and offers solutions to language-related real life problems Developmental linguistics is the study of the development of linguistic ability in an individual particularly the acquisition of language in Childhood. Clinical Linguistics is a sub-discipline of Linguistics and involves the application of linguistic theory to the field of Speech-Language Pathology.

Literary criticism

Mathematics

Music

Philosophy

Psychotherapy

Signal processing

Statistics

Other

See also

References

  1. ^ O'Connor, John J. Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior Transactional analysis, commonly known as TA to its adherents is an integrative approach to the theory of Psychology and Psychotherapy. Independent component analysis ( ICA) is a computational method for separating a Multivariate signal into additive subcomponents supposing the mutual Statistical Link quality analysis (LQA In adaptive High-frequency (HF Radio, the overall process by which measurements of signal quality are made assessed and Path quality analysis: In a communications path an analysis that (a includes the overall evaluation of the component quality measures the individual link In Statistics, ANOVA is short for analysis of variance Analysis of variance is a collection of Statistical models and their associated procedures in which the observed In Statistics, a meta-analysis combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses In Statistics, Signal processing, and many other fields a time series is a sequence of Data points measured typically at successive times spaced at (often In Parapsychology and many forms of spiritual practice an aura is a field of subtle luminous radiation surrounding a person or object like the Halo or In the sport of Cricket, a bowling analysis (sometimes shortened to just analysis, especially in the phrase innings analysis) usually refers to a notation In Archaeology, lithic analysis is the analysis of Stone tools and other Chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques Protocol analysis is a psychological research method that elicits verbal reports from research participants Scientific method refers to bodies of Techniques for investigating phenomena & Robertson, Edmund F. , “Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive 
The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive is an award-winning website maintained by John J

Dictionary

analysis

-noun

  1. (countable, context, of a thing, concept, theory, etc.) The process of dismantling or separating into constituent elements in order to study the nature, function, or meaning; the result of this process.
  2. (uncountable, math) The mathematical study of functions, sequences, series, limits, derivatives and integrals.
  3. (countable, logic) Proof by deduction from known truths.
  4. (countable, chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.
  5. (countable, psychology) Psychoanalysis.
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