| American Jews |
|---|
| Total population |
|
7,000,000 |
| Regions with significant populations |
| New York metropolitan area, All along the BosWash Megalopolis in the Northeastern United States, South Florida, the West Coast (especially the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas), the Chicago-Milwaukee corridor, the eastern and Great Lakes region and Las Vegas areas |
| Languages |
|
Traditional Jewish languages Hebrew and Aramaic Predominant Spoken Languages American English, Hebrew, Yiddish, Russian |
| Religions |
| Judaism |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Arab Americans, Ashkenazi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Sephardi Jews, other Jewish ethnic divisions |
American Jews, or Jewish Americans, are Jews who are American citizens or resident aliens. The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one Northeastern_United_States#The_Northeast_as_a_megalopolis BosWash (also referred to as BoWash, BosNYwash, the Northeast Corridor, the The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High The Jewish languages are a set of Languages that developed in various Jewish communities around the world more notably in Europe, West Asia, and Aramaic is a Semitic language with Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut An Arab American is a United States citizen or resident of Arab cultural and linguistic heritage and/or Identity whose ancestry traces back to any of various Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Mizrahi Jews or Mizrahim, ( also referred to as Edot HaMizrach (Communities of the East are Jews descended Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural See also Judaism by country Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinct communities within the world's ethnically Jewish population PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In US law, an alien is a legal term for a person, either a corporation or a human who is not a United States national. The United States is home to the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world depending on religious definitions and varying population data.
The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews who emigrated from Central and Eastern Europe, and their US-born descendants. Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. There are, however, small numbers of both older and more recently arrived Sephardic Jews (Spanish and Portuguese Jews and those descended from them following the 15th century expulsion), as well as smaller numbers of Mizrahi Jews (Jewish communities with extended histories in the Middle East, North Africa, Caucasus and Central Asia), Ethiopian Jews, Indian Jews and others from various smaller Jewish ethnic divisions. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Spanish and Portuguese Jews are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardim who have their main ethnic origins within the crypto-Jewish communities of the Iberian The Alhambra Decree (also known as the Edict of Expulsion) was an edict issued on 31 March, 1492 by the joint Catholic Monarchs of Mizrahi Jews or Mizrahim, ( also referred to as Edot HaMizrach (Communities of the East are Jews descended The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Beta Israel (ביתא ישראל Beta Israel, "House of Israel" Ge'ez: ቤተ እስራኤል Bēta 'Isrā'ēl, modern Bēte 'Isrā'ēl Indian Jews are a religious minority of India. Judaism was one of the first non- Dharmic religions to arrive in India in recorded history See also Judaism by country Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinct communities within the world's ethnically Jewish population The Jewish community in America, therefore, manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, as well as encompassing the full spectrum of religious observance, from the ultra-Orthodox Haredi communities to Jews who are entirely secular and atheist. Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena above all it is the Culture of secular communities of Jewish people but it can also include Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. Atheism
Contents |
History
Jews have been present in what is today the United States of America as early as the seventeenth century, if not earlier, though they were small in numbers and almost exclusively Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese ancestry. The history of the Jews in the United States has been influenced by waves of immigration primarily from Europe inspired by the social and economic opportunities of the United As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west [5][6] Until about 1830 Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America. There is a long history of Jews in Charleston South Carolina. Large scale Jewish immigration, however, did not commence until the nineteenth century, when, by mid-century, many secular Ashkenazi Jews from Germany arrived in the United States, primarily becoming merchants and shop-owners. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Jews have lived in Germany, or " Ashkenaz " at least since the early 4th century, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of There were approximately 250,000 Jews in the United States by 1880, many of them being the educated, and largely secular, German Jews, although a minority population of the older Sephardic Jewish families remained influential. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural
As a result of persecution in parts of Eastern Europe, Jewish immigration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, with most of the new immigrants also being Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews, though mostly from the poor rural populations of the Russian Empire (including the Russian-controlled portions of the former Duchy of Warsaw–see History of the Jews in Poland), many of them coming from the Pale of Settlement (modern Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova ). Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium. The Pale of Settlement (Черта́ осе́длости cherta osedlosti) was the term given to a region of Imperial Russia, along its western border in which Over 2,000,000 arrived between the late nineteenth century and 1924, when immigration restrictions increased due to the National Origins Quota of 1924 and Immigration Act of 1924. The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson-Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, Asian Exclusion Act, (43 Statutes-at-Large 153 was a United The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson-Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, Asian Exclusion Act, (43 Statutes-at-Large 153 was a United Most settled in New York City and its immediate environs (New Jersey, etc. The City of New York ), establishing what became one of the world's major concentrations of Jewish population.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, these newly-arrived Jews built support networks consisting of many small synagogues and Ashkenazi Jewish Landsmannschaften (German for "Territorial Associations") for Jews from the same town or village. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of A Landsmannschaft is a kind of Studentenverbindung. The Landsmannschaften are reform corps Jewish American writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture, and Jews quickly became part of American life. Jewish Assimilation is a social and religious process of loss of the Jewish identity of an individual by marriage to a spouse that is not Jewish or the abandonment The development of the culture of the United States of America — music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry 500,000 American Jews (or half of all Jewish males between 18 and 50) fought in World War II, and after the war Jewish families joined the new trend of suburbanization. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Suburbanization (or suburbanisation) is a term used to describe the process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe There, Jews became increasingly assimilated as rising intermarriage rates combined with a trend towards secularization. At the same time, new centers of Jewish communities formed, as Jewish school enrollment more than doubled between the end of World War II and the mid-1950s, while synagogue affiliation jumped from 20% in 1930 to 60% in 1960.
Politics and Civil Rights
While the first group of Jewish immigrants from Germany tended to be politically conservative, the second wave that started in the early 1880s were generally more liberal or left wing. Polls showed that Democrats Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman received over 90% of the Jewish American vote in the elections of 1940, 1944 and 1948. Democrat Adlai Stevenson received 70% of the Jewish American vote during the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections. This is about the mid-20th-century politician and diplomat for other American politicians so named see Adlai Stevenson (disambiguation. In the 1960 election, Jewish Americans voted over 80% for Catholic Democrat John F. Kennedy. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of In 1964, when the Republican candidate was the strongly conservative Barry Goldwater (whose paternal grandparents were Jewish), 90% of the Jewish American vote went to his opponent. [1] Since 1968, Jewish Americans have voted about 70%-80% Democratic, increasing to 87% for Democratic House candidates during the 2006 elections. [2] Currently, of the 13 Jewish Americans in the Senate (out of 100 members),[3] only two (Norm Coleman and Arlen Specter) are Republicans, and of the 30 in the House (out of 435 members),[4] only one (Eric Cantor) is Republican. Norman Bertram "Norm" Coleman Jr (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician who has served as a U Arlen Specter (born February 12 1930) is the senior United States Senator from Pennsylvania and a member of the Republican Party Eric Ivan Cantor was born in Richmond Virginia on June 6 1963
As a group, Jewish Americans have been very active in fighting prejudice and discrimination, and have historically been active participants in civil rights movements since the 1930s, including active support and participation in the black civil rights / desegration movement, active support and participation in the women's rights movement, and active support for gay rights movement. Seymour Siegel suggests that the historic struggle against prejudice faced by Jews led to a natural sympathy for any people confronting discrimination. Joachim Prinz, president of the American Jewish Congress, stated the following when he spoke from the podium at the Lincoln Memorial during the famous March on Washington on August 28, 1963: "As Jews we bring to this great demonstration, in which thousands of us proudly participate, a twofold experience—one of the spirit and one of our history. The American Jewish Congress describes itself as an association of Jewish Americans organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through public policy advocacy using diplomacy The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a large political rally that took place in Washington D Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. . . From our Jewish historic experience of three and a half thousand years we say: Our ancient history began with slavery and the yearning for freedom. During the Middle Ages my people lived for a thousand years in the ghettos of Europe. . . It is for these reasons that it is not merely sympathy and compassion for the black people of America that motivates us. It is, above all and beyond all such sympathies and emotions, a sense of complete identification and solidarity born of our own painful historic experience. "[5][6]
The Holocaust
The Holocaust had a profound impact on the community in the United States, especially after 1945, as Jews tried to comprehend what had happened, and especially to commemorate and grapple with it when looking to the future. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Abraham Joshua Heschel summarized this dilemma when he attempted to understand Auschwitz: "To try to answer is to commit a supreme blasphemy. Abraham Joshua Heschel ( January 11, 1907 – December 23, 1972) was a Warsaw-born American Rabbi and one of the leading Israel enables us to bear the agony of Auschwitz without radical despair, to sense a ray [of] God's radiance in the jungles of history. "[7]
International affairs
Jews began taking a special interest in international affairs in the early twentieth century, especially regarding pogroms in Imperial Russia, and restrictions on immigration in the 1920s. A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya This period is also synchronous with the development of political Zionism and the Balfour Declaration. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated November 2 1917) was a Classified formal statement of Policy by the British government stating Large-scale boycotts of German merchandize were organized during the 1930s, which was synchronous with the rise of Fascism in Europe. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Franklin D. Roosevelt's leftist domestic policies received strong Jewish support in the 1930s and 1940s, as did his foreign policies and the subsequent founding of the United Nations. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Support for political Zionism in this period, although growing in influence, remained a distinctly minority opinion. The founding of Israel in 1948 made the Middle East a center of attention; the immediate recognition of Israel by the American government was an indication of both its intrinsic support and the influence of political Zionism. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East.
This attention initially was based on a natural and religious affinity toward and support for Israel and world Jewry. The attention is also because of the ensuing and unresolved conflicts regarding the founding Israel and Zionism itself. A lively internal debate commenced, following the Six-Day War. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The American Jewish community was divided over whether or not they agreed with the Israeli response; the great majority came to accept the war as necessary. A tension existed especially for leftist Jews, between their liberal ideology and (rightist) Zionist backing in the midst of this conflict. This deliberation about the Six-Day War showed the depth and complexity of Jewish responses to the varied events of the 1960s. [8] Similar tensions were aroused by the 1977 election of Begin and the rise of revisionist policies, the 1982 Lebanon War and the continuing occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. Revisionist Zionism is a nationalist faction within the Zionist movement The 1982 Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון Milhemet Levanon) (الإجتياح Al-Ijtīāḥ, "the invasion" called by Israel the Operation Peace [9] The subject remains fodder for deep divisions among American Jews to this day.
Population
The Jewish population of the United States is one of the largest in the world.
Precise population figures vary depending on whether Jews are accounted for based on halakhic considerations, or secular, political and ancestral identification factors. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. The Law of Return ( Hebrew: חוק השבות ḥok ha-shvūt) is Israeli legislation originating in 1950 that gives Jews those of Jewish ancestry " Who is a Jew? " (Mihu Yehudi? ?מיהו יהודי is a basic question about Jewish identity. There were about 4 million adherents of Judaism in the U. S. as of 2001, approximately 1. 4% of the US population. [10] The community self-identifying as Jewish by birth, irrespective of halakhic (unbroken maternal line of Jewish descent or formal Jewish conversion) status, numbers about 7 million, or 2. 5% of the US population. According to the Jewish Agency, for the year 2007 Israel is home to 5. The Jewish Agency for Israel (Hebrew הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el) also known as the Sochnut or JAFI 4 million Jews (40. 9% of the world's Jewish population), while the United States contained 5. 3 million (40. 2%). [11] The Jewish Agency's figure for Israel, however, included those who do not consider themselves Jews and those who are not Jewish by halakha (including a large number of Russians who immigrated under the Law of Return but are not technically Jewish by any authoritative definition), while the estimate for the US and other countries did not include such people. " Who is a Jew? " (Mihu Yehudi? ?מיהו יהודי is a basic question about Jewish identity. The Law of Return ( Hebrew: חוק השבות ḥok ha-shvūt) is Israeli legislation originating in 1950 that gives Jews those of Jewish ancestry
The most recent large scale population survey, released in the 2006 American Jewish Yearbook population survey estimates place the number of American Jews at 6. 4 million, or approximately 2. 1% of the total population. This figure is significantly higher than the previous large scale survey estimate, conducted by the 2000-2001 National Jewish Population estimates, which estimated 5. 2 million Jews. A 2007 study released by the Steinhardt Social Research Institute (SSRI) at Brandeis University presents evidence to suggest that both of these figures may be underestimations with a potential 7. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Brandeis University is a private research University with a Liberal arts focus located in Waltham Massachusetts, United States. 0-7. 4 million Americans of Jewish decent. [12] Jews in the U. S. settled largely in and near the major cities. The Ashkenazi Jews, who are now the vast majority of American Jews, settled first in the Northeast and Midwest but in recent decades increasingly in the South and West. In descending order, the metropolitan areas with the highest Jewish populations are New York City (1,750,000), Miami (535,000), Los Angeles (490,000), Philadelphia (285,000), Chicago (265,000), San Francisco (210,000), Boston (208,000), and Baltimore-Washington (165,000). The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one The Greater Los Angeles Area, or the Southland, (not to be confused with the Los Angeles Metro Area which includes only Los Angeles and The Delaware Valley is a term used widely to refer to the metropolitan area centered on the city of Philadelphia in the United States. The Chicago metropolitan area is the Metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago in the United States and its suburbs The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the Greater Boston is the area of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts surrounding the city of Boston Massachusetts. The Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area is a consolidated Metropolitan area consisting of the overlapping labor market region of the cities of Washington Although New York is the second largest Jewish population center in the world, after the Gush Dan metropolitan area in Israel[7], the Miami metropolitan area has a slightly greater Jewish population on a per-capita basis (9. Gush Dan (גּוּשׁ דָּן is a Metropolitan area including areas from both the Tel Aviv and the Central Districts of Israel. 9% compared to metropolitan New York's 9. 3%). Several other major cities have over 5% Jewish proportions, including Cleveland, Baltimore, and St. Louis. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Miami and Los Angeles have long been major centers. Smaller, but growing numbers are found in Houston, Dallas, Phoenix, Charlotte, and especially Atlanta and Las Vegas. Phoenix (ˈfiːˌnɪks O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally In many metropolitan areas, the majority of Jewish families live in suburban areas. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. In Detroit, for example, the Jewish population is particularly concentrated in suburban Oakland County. Oakland County is a county in the US state of Michigan. As of 2007, the population was estimated at 1206089
Jewish Texans have been a part of Texas History since the first European explorers arrived in the 1500s. Jewish Texans have been a part of the history of Texas since the first European Explorers arrived in the region in the 1500s. The history of Texas as part of the United States began in 1845 but settlement of the region dates back to the end of the Upper Paleolithic Period The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. [8] By 1990, there are around 108,000 adherents to Judaism in Texas. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut [9]
The Israeli immigrant community in America is less widespread. Yerida ( is the somewhat derogatory term widely used to mean Emigration by Jews and Israelis from the State of Israel. The significant Israeli immigrant communities in the United States are in Los Angeles, New York City, Miami, and Chicago. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The City of New York Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. [13]
- The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development calculated an 'expatriate rate' of 2. 9 persons per thousand, putting Israel in the mid-range of expatriate rates among the 175 OECD countries examined in 2005. [14]
Immigrant Soviet Jews began arriving after the Jackson-Vanik laws of the 1970s and are heavily concentrated in New York City, Houston, Dallas, San Francisco, Baltimore, Los Angeles and many other large American cities, although these Russian Jews can be found throughout the US in cities even with very small Jewish populations. According to the 1974 Trade Act of the United States, the Jackson-Vanik amendment, named for its major co-sponsors Sen The City of New York The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West
Persian Jews began arriving to the United States in large numbers in the late 1970s before the Islamic Revolution and most of them settled in Los Angeles and Great Neck on Long Island. |||} Persian Jews or Iranian Jews are Jews historically associated with the Persian Empire or Iran. The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Great Neck is a Village in Nassau County, New York, in the US Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches Most Bukharian Jews arrived after the Collapse of the Soviet Union to New York City, San Francisco, Seattle, Atlanta, Arizona and elsewhere. Bukharan Jews, also Bukharian Jews or Bukhari Jews, ( בוכרים, Bukharim) are Jews from Central Asia who speak The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 The City of New York The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States.
According to the 2001 undertaking of the National Jewish Population Survey, 4. The National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS most recently performed in 2000-01 is a representative survey of the Jewish population in the United States sponsored 3 million American Jews have some sort of strong connection to the Jewish community, whether religious or cultural.
Assimilation and population changes
The same social and cultural characteristics of the United States of America that facilitated the extraordinary economic, political, and social success of the American Jewish community have also been attributed to contributing to widespread assimilation,[15] a controversial and significant issue in the modern American Jewish community. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A region or society where several different groups are spontaneously assimilated is sometimes referred to as a Melting pot. While not all Jews disapprove of intermarriage, many members of the Jewish community have become concerned that the high rate of interfaith marriage will result in the eventual disappearance of the American Jewish community.
Intermarriage rates have risen from roughly 6% in 1950 to approximately 40%-50% in the year 2000. [10][11] Only about 33% of intermarried couples raise their children with a Jewish religious upbringing. This, in combination with the comparatively low birthrate in the Jewish community, has led to a 5% decline in the Jewish population of the United States in the 1990s. [12]. In addition to this, when compared with the general American population, the American Jewish community is slightly older. [13]
Despite the fact that only 33% of intermarried couples provide their children with a Jewish upbringing, doing so is more common among intermarried families raise their children in areas with high Jewish populations, such as the greater New York City metropolitan area, Boston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Detroit, Baltimore-Washington, Chicago, and Cleveland (which has the highest Jewish-American population per capita for smaller, major U. The City of New York Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area is a consolidated Metropolitan area consisting of the overlapping labor market region of the cities of Washington Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state S. cities). In the Boston area, one study shows that 60% percent of children of intermarriages are being raised as Jews by religion; giving the perception that intermarriage is contributing to a net increase in the number of Jews. [14] As well, some children raised through intermarriage rediscover and embrace their Jewish roots when they themselves marry and have children. Note This article is about the movement See Orthodox outreach, Reform outreach, and Conservative outreach for more information about the rabbis
In contrast to the ongoing trends of assimilation, some communities within American Jewry, such as Orthodox Jews, have significantly higher birth rates and lower intermarriage rates, and are growing rapidly. Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized The proportion of Jewish synagogue members who were Orthodox rose from 11% in 1971 to 21% in 2000, while the overall Jewish community declined in number. [15] This trend, however, is likely due at least as much to declining synagogue membership and practice among the non-Orthodox as to greater numbers of Orthodox.
In 2000, there were 360,000 so-called "ultra-orthodox" (Haredi) Jews in USA (7. Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. 2%). The figure for 2006 is estimated at 468,000 (9. 4%). [16]
About half of the American Jews are considered to be religious. Out of this 2,831,000 religious Jewish population, 92% are White, 5% Hispanic (Mostly Argentine Ashkenazim), 1% Asian (Mostly Bukharian and Persian Jews), 1% Black and 1% Other (Mixed Race. etc). Almost this many non-religious Jews exist in United States, the proportion of Whites being higher than that among the religious population. [16]
Religion
Jewishness is generally considered an ethnic identity as well as a religious one. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos
Jewish religious practice in America is quite varied. Among the 4. 3 million American Jews described as "strongly connected" to Judaism, over 80% have some sort of active engagement with Judaism, ranging from attendance at daily prayer services on one end of the spectrum to as little as attendance Passover Seders or lighting Hanukkah candles on the other. The Passover Seder Meal ( Hebrew: סֵדֶר seðɛɾ "order" "arrangement" is a Jewish ritual feast held on the first (and for some the Hanukkah (חנוכה alt Chanukah) also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the
The survey found that of the 4. 3 million strongly connected Jews, 46% belong to a synagogue. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Among those who belong to a synagogue, 38% are members of Reform synagogues, 33% Conservative, 22% Orthodox, 2% Reconstructionist, and 5% other types. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of the late Mordecai Kaplan (1881 – 1983 Traditionally, Sephardic and Mizrahis do not have different branches (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, etc) but usually remain observant and religious. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Mizrahi Jews or Mizrahim, ( also referred to as Edot HaMizrach (Communities of the East are Jews descended The survey discovered that Jews in the Northeast and Midwest are generally more observant than Jews in the South or West. The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U South is one of Cardinal directions and is opposite to the North. This article refers to the cardinal direction for other uses see West (disambiguation. Reflecting a trend also observed among other religious groups, Jews in the Northwestern United States are typically the least observant.
A 2003 Harris Poll found that 16% of American Jews go to the synagogue at least once a month, 42% go less frequently but at least once a year, and 42% go less frequently than once a year. Harris Interactive ( is an American Market research company that specializes in Public opinion research using both telephone and online The poll also found that 48% of American Jews believe in God, 19% believe there is no God, and 33% are not sure whether or not there is a God. [17]
In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of secular American Jews returning to a more religious, in most cases, Orthodox, style of observance. Such Jews are called baalei teshuva ("returners", see also Repentance in Judaism). Note This article is about the movement See Orthodox outreach, Reform outreach, and Conservative outreach for more information about the rabbis Repentance in Judaism known as teshuva ( Hebrew תשובה literally "return" is the way of atoning for Sin in Judaism. It is uncertain how widespread or demographically important this movement is at present.
Education
The great majority of school-age Jewish students attend public schools, although Jewish day schools and yeshivas are to be found throughout the country. Jewish cultural studies and Hebrew language instruction is also commonly offered at synagogues in the form of supplementary Hebrew schools or Sunday schools. Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena above all it is the Culture of secular communities of Jewish people but it can also include
Until the 1950s, a quota system at elite colleges and universities limited the number of Jewish students. Before 1945, only a few Jewish professors were permitted as instructors at elite universities. In 1941, anti-Semitism drove Milton Friedman from a non-tenured assistant professorship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Milton Friedman (July 31 1912 November 16 2006 was an American Nobel Laureate Economist and Public intellectual. [18] Harry Levin became the first Jewish full professor in the Harvard English department in 1943, but the Economics department decided not to hire Paul Samuelson in 1948. Harry Tuchman Levin ( July 18 1912 – May 29, 1994) was an American literary critic and scholar of Modernism and Comparative Paul Anthony Samuelson (born May 15, 1915) is an American neoclassical Economist known for his contributions to many fields of Harvard hired its first Jewish biochemists in 1954. [19]
Today, American Jews no longer face the discrimination in college admissions that they did in the past. By 1986, a third of the presidents of the elite undergraduate clubs at Harvard were Jewish,[18] and Paul Samuelson's nephew, Lawrence Summers, became President of Harvard University in 2001. Lawrence Henry "Larry" Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American Economist and academic According to estimates from Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, Jews make up well over one-fifth of the student body in America's most prominent institutions of higher learning:
Public Universities
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Private Universities
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Politics
The German Jews were primarily Republicans. New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. The University of Miami (also known as Miami of Florida, UM, or just The U) is a private non-sectarian University founded in 1925 The George Washington University ( GW or GWU) is a private coeducational university located in Washington D The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Yeshiva University is a private Jewish University in New York City whose first component was founded in 1886. Syracuse University (SU is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, Tulane University is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research university located in New Orleans, Louisiana. Brandeis University is a private research University with a Liberal arts focus located in Waltham Massachusetts, United States. However the Yiddish-speaking Jews, many with experience with the Labor Bund in Eastern Europe, were leaders in the socialist and labor movements after 1910. They formed strong unions that played a major role in left-wing politics, and after 1936 in Democratic party politics. Polls showed Jews gave 90% support to Democrats Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman in the elections of 1940, 1944 and 1948. They gave about a third of their vote to Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general In 1960 Jews voted 83% for Catholic Democrat John F. Kennedy. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of In 1964, when the Republicans nominated arch-conservative Barry Goldwater (whose father was Jewish), 90% of Jews voted for his opponent. [25]
By the mid-20th century Jewish Congressmen from New York and Chicago gained important committee assignments through seniority, including Adolph J. Sabath and Emmanuel Celler, both Democrats. Adolph Joachim Sabath ( April 4, 1866 in Zabori Czech Republic of Jewish parentage – November 6, 1952 in Bethesda Maryland was an American Emanuel Celler ( May 6, 1888 – January 15, 1981) was a politician from New York who served in the United States House of Representatives Republican Jacob Javits was a powerful Senator in the 1960s and 1970s. Jacob Koppel "Jack" Javits ( May 18, 1904 – March 7, 1986) was an American Politician who served as United States
Joe Lieberman was the first Jew to run for national office on a major party ticket when he was chosen as Al Gore's vice-presidential nominee in the 2000 presidential election. Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24 1942 is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Democratic candidate Al Gore, then Vice President, and Republican
As of 2007, there are 13 Jewish senators, or 13% of the senate.
Jewish American culture
- See also: Secular Jewish culture
Since the time of the last major wave of Jewish immigration to America (over 2,000,000 Eastern European Jews who arrived between 1890 and 1924), Jewish secular culture in the United States has become integrated in almost every important way with the broader American culture. Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena above all it is the Culture of secular communities of Jewish people but it can also include Many aspects of Jewish American culture have, in turn, become part of the wider culture of the United States.
Language
Although almost all American Jews are today native English-speakers, a variety of other languages are still spoken within some American Jewish communities, communities which are representative of the various Jewish ethnic divisions from around the world that have come together to make up America's Jewish population. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States See also Judaism by country Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinct communities within the world's ethnically Jewish population
Many of America's Hasidic Jews (being exclusively of Ashkenazi descent) are raised speaking Yiddish. Hasidic Judaism (also Chasidic, etc from the Hebrew: he '''''חסידות''''', Chassidus, meaning "piety" from the Hebrew Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Yiddish was once spoken as the primary language by most of the several million European Jews who immigrated to the United States (it was, in fact, the original language in which The Forward was published). The Forward (פֿאָרווערטס Forverts) is a Jewish-American weekly Newspaper published in New York City. Yiddish has had an influence on American English, and words borrowed from it include chutzpah ("effrontery", "gall"), nosh ("snack"), schlep ("drag"), schmuck ("fool", literally "penis"), and, depending on ideolect, hundreds of other terms. Chutzpah ( is the quality of audacity, for good or for bad The word derives from the Hebrew word ḥuṣpâ (he חֻצְפָּה meaning "insolence" An idiolect is a variety of a Language unique to an individual (See also Yinglish. Yinglish words are Neologisms created by speakers of Yiddish in English -speaking countries sometimes to describe things that were uncommon in the old country )
The Persian Jewish community in the United States, notably the large community in and around Los Angeles and Beverly Hills, California, primarily speak Persian (see also Judeo-Persian) in the home and synagogue. |||} Persian Jews or Iranian Jews are Jews historically associated with the Persian Empire or Iran. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Judæo-Persian or Jidi ( IPA: /ʤiːdiː/ also spelled as Dzhidi) is the Jewish language spoken by the Jews living in Iran They also support their own Persian language newspapers. Persian Jews also reside in eastern parts of New York such as Kew Gardens and Great Neck, Long Island. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Kew Gardens is a neighborhood in central Queens bounded to the north and east by the Jackie Robinson Parkway (formerly Interborough Parkway) Queens Great Neck is a Village in Nassau County, New York, in the US
Many recent Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union speak primarily Russian at home, and there are several notable communities where public life and business are carried out mainly in Russian, such as in Brighton Beach in New York City. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438
American Bukharian Jews speak Bukhori (a dialect of Persian) and Russian. Bukharan Jews, also Bukharian Jews or Bukhari Jews, ( בוכרים, Bukharim) are Jews from Central Asia who speak Bukhori (also known as Bukhari, Bukharic, Bukharan, or Bukharian) is an Indo-Iranian language. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages They publish their own newspapers such as the Bukharian Times and a large portion live in Queens, New York. Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens is home to 108th Street, which is called by some "Bukharian Broadway"[17], a reference to the many stores and restaurants found on and around the street that have Bukharian influences. Forest Hills is a neighborhood in the central part of the New York City borough of Queens. The City of New York Many Bukharians are also represented in parts of Arizona, Miami, Florida, and areas of Southern California such as San Diego. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Southern California, or So Cal, is defined as the southern portion of the U
Classical Hebrew is the language of most Jewish religious literature, such as the Tanakh (Bible) and Siddur (prayerbook). Biblical Hebrew, also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language in which the Hebrew Bible and various Israelite inscriptions See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is A siddur ( Hebrew: סידור plural siddurim) is a Jewish Prayer book, containing a set order of daily prayers. Modern Hebrew is also the primary official language of the modern State of Israel, which further encourages many to learn it as a second language. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Some recent Israeli immigrants to America speak Hebrew as their primary language.
Some of the Jews in Miami and Los Angeles, the second largest Jewish community in the United States, immigrated from the countries of Latin America. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Many of these Hispanic Jews (many of them of Sephardic origin dating back to the Spanish and Portuguese colonial era, but also many of Ashkenazi descent from recent Central and Eastern European immigration to Latin America) speak Spanish in the home, and some have intermarried with the non-Jewish Hispanic population. The history of the Jews in the Americas dates back to Christopher Columbus and his first cross- Atlantic voyage on August 3, 1492 Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically Recent Jews from Spain and among their descendants speak Spanish. Spanish may be spoken by other Jews with ancestry outside Spain and Latin America living in areas near predominantly Hispanic populations. There are a large number of synagogues in the Miami area that give services in Spanish. Many Luso-Jews with origin from Brazil and Portugal (Sephardic Jews but including in Brazil, Sephardic Jews with Spanish origin, Ashkenazi, and Mizrahi) speak Portuguese in home. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. There are a handful of older European immigrant communities that still speak Ladino.
Jewish American literature
Although American Jews have contributed greatly to American arts overall (see the following section), there remains a distinctly Jewish American literature. Jewish American literature holds an essential place in the literary history of the United States. Generally exploring the experience of being a Jew, especially a Jew in America, and the conflicting pulls of secular society and history, the literary traditions of Philip Roth, Saul Bellow, Chaim Potok, Leon Uris, Herman Wouk, Cynthia Ozick and Bernard Malamud all fall into this category. Philip Milton Roth (born March 19, 1933, Newark New Jersey) is an American novelist Saul Bellow, born Solomon Bellows ( June 10, 1915 – April 5, 2005) was an acclaimed Canadian -born American Chaim Potok ( February 17, 1929 - July 23, 2002) was an American Jewish Author and Rabbi. Leon Marcus Uris ( August 3 1924 - June 21 2003) was an American novelist, known for his historical fiction and the deep Herman Wouk ( "woke" born May 27, 1915) is a bestselling American Author with a number of notable Novels to his Cynthia Ozick (born April 17, 1928, New York City) is the daughter of William Ozick and Celia Regelson Bernard Malamud ( April 26 1914, Brooklyn New York &ndash March 18 1986) was an author of novels and short stories Younger authors (e. g. , Paul Auster, Lisa Crystal Carver, Allegra Goodman, Gary Shteyngart, Michael Chabon and Jonathan Safran Foer) continue this view of Jewish American literature, examining the Holocaust, and the meaning of being an American Jew. Paul Benjamin Auster (born February 3, 1947, Newark New Jersey) is a Brooklyn -based author known for works blending Absurdism Lisa Crystal Carver' s (AKA Lisa Suckdog) (born 1968 writing in Rollerderby made her one of the most well known writers of the zine boom in the early Allegra Goodman (born 1967 is an American author based in Cambridge Massachusetts. Gary Shteyngart (born 1972) is an American writer born in Leningrad, USSR (he alternately calls it "St Michael Chabon (pron SHAY-bon (born May 24 1963 is an American author and "one of the most celebrated writers of his generation" according to the The Virginia Jonathan Safran Foer (born 1977 is an American writer best known for his 2002 Novel Everything Is Illuminated.
Notable American Jews
Popular culture
- Actors and actresses · Writers · Artists · Musicians · Show business figures · Sportspeople · List of Jewish American actors in television · Lists of Jews
 Jack Benny, actor, comedian |
 Richard Dreyfuss, actor |
 Steven Spielberg, director, producer, screenwriter |
 Groucho Marx, actor, comedian |
 Alicia Silverstone, actress |
 Rob Schneider, lead actor in Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo & The Hot Chick |
.jpg/76px-Adamsandler(cannesPhotocall).jpg) Adam Sandler, actor, in Billy Madison, Happy Gilmore & Big Daddy, and comedian |
 Pink (singer), singer |
 Jake Gyllenhaal, actor |
 Kate Hudson, lead actress in Raising Helen |
 Scarlett Johansson, actress |
 Michelle Trachtenberg, lead actress in EuroTrip and Ice Princess |
Many individual Jews have made significant contributions to American popular culture. The list is currently organized chronologically listing people by decade of birth This is a list of famous Jewish American authors See separate lists for playwrights and poets. This is a list of famous Jewish American Visual Artists For other famous Jewish Americans see List of Jewish Americans. Jewish musicians by country Austria Composers Britain Canada This is an extension of the List of Jewish American actors, which is an extension of the List of Jewish American entertainers, which is an extension of the List of By type List of Jewish historians List of Jewish scientists and philosophers List of Jewish nobility Jack Benny (born Benjamin Kubelsky February 14, 1894 - December 26, 1974) was an American Comedian, vaudevillian Richard Stephen Dreyfuss (born October 29 1947 is an Academy Award -winning American Actor, known for a number of film television and theater roles such Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. Alicia Silverstone ( born October 4 1976 is an American Film and stage actress and former fashion model. Robert Michael "Rob" Schneider (born October 31, 1963) is an American Actor, Comedian, Screenwriter and Deuce Bigalow Male Gigolo is a 1999 Comedy film starring Rob Schneider. The Hot Chick is a 2002 Comedy film starring Rob Schneider as the title character &mdash a Criminal who mysteriously switches bodies with Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9 1966 is an American Comedian, Billy Madison is a 1995 Comedy film starring Adam Sandler in the title role about a slacker who must go back to school in order to take Happy Gilmore is a 1996 American sports Comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and starring Adam Sandler as the A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh Alecia Beth Moore (born September 8 1979 known professionally as P!nk is a two-time Grammy -winning American Singer-songwriter who gained prominence Jacob Benjamin "Jake" Gyllenhaal ( born December 19 1980 is an American actor Kate Garry Hudson (born April 19, 1979) is an American Film actress. Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy / Drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel Scarlett I Johansson (born November 22 1984 is an actress and Singer, of dual American and Danish citizenship Michelle Christine Trachtenberg (born October 11, 1985) is an American Television and Film actress EuroTrip is a 2004 American Comedy film produced by the same people as Road Trip and Old School Ice Princess is a 2005 Disney Live action film directed by Tim Fywell. There have been many Jewish American actors and performers, ranging from early 1900s actors like Carmel Myers, Fanny Brice and the first cowboy film star, Broncho Billy Anderson, to classic Hollywood film stars like Lauren Bacall, Kirk Douglas, Tony Curtis, and culminating in many currently known actors, including Sarah Michelle Gellar, Winona Ryder, Alicia Silverstone, Natalie Portman, Sarah Jessica Parker, Kate Hudson, Scarlett Johansson, Rachel Bilson, Adam Brody, Ashley & Jennifer Tisdale, Zac Efron, Evan Rachel Wood, Adrien Brody, Lisa Kudrow, Ben Stiller, Adam Sandler, Jerry Seinfeld, Larry David, Bahar Soomekh, Sara Paxton, Jake Gyllenhaal and Maggie Gyllenhaal, amongst others. Carmel Myers ( April 4, 1899 - November 9, 1980) was an American Actress who worked chiefly in silent movies. Fanny Brice ( October 29 1891 – May 29 1951) was a popular and influential American Comedienne, Singer Broncho Billy Anderson ( March 21, 1880 – January 20, 1971) was an American actor writer director and producer who is best Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, Tony Curtis (born Bernard Schwartz June 3, 1925) is an American film actor Sarah Michelle Prinze, (born April 14 1977 better known by her birth name of Sarah Michelle Gellar, is an American actress. Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29 1971 better known under her professional name Winona Ryder, is an American actress Alicia Silverstone ( born October 4 1976 is an American Film and stage actress and former fashion model. Natalie Portman (נטלי פורטמן born Natalie Hershlag June 9 1981 is an Israeli American Actress. Sarah Jessica Parker (born March 25, 1965) is an American Actress and producer with a portfolio of Television, Film Kate Garry Hudson (born April 19, 1979) is an American Film actress. Scarlett I Johansson (born November 22 1984 is an actress and Singer, of dual American and Danish citizenship Adam Jared Brody (born December 15, 1979) is an American Film and Television Actor. Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2 1985 is an American actress and singer Jennifer Kelly Tisdale (born September 18 1981 is an American Actress and model. Zachary David Alexander "Zac" Efron (born October 18, 1987) is an American Actor and Singer. Evan Rachel Wood (born September 7, 1987) is an American Actress and Singer. Adrien Brody (born April 14 1973 is an Academy Award -winning American Actor. Lisa Diane Marie Kudrow (born July 30 1963 is an Emmy Award - and SAG -winning American actress, best known for her roles as Phoebe Buffay Benjamin Edward "Ben" Stiller (born November 30 1965 is an Emmy Award -winning American Comedian, actor Film producer and director Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9 1966 is an American Comedian, Jerome Allen "Jerry" Seinfeld (born on April 29 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American comedian actor and writer Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2 1947 is an American Emmy -winning Actor, Writer, Comedian, producer Bahar Soomekh ( Persian: بهار سومخ Hebrew: בהאר סומך born March 30, 1975) is an Iranian - Sara Paxton (born April 25, 1988) is an American actress and Singer. Jacob Benjamin "Jake" Gyllenhaal ( born December 19 1980 is an American actor Margaret Ruth "Maggie" Gyllenhaal (born November 16 1977 is an American actress. Many of the early Hollywood moguls and pioneers were Jewish, such as Barney Balaban (Paramount Pictures), Henry Cohen (Columbia Pictures), Samuel Goldwyn and Louis B. Mayer (MGM), William Fox, Jesse L. Lasky, Carl Laemmle, Marcus Loew, Adolph Zukor, and the original Warner Brothers. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Barney Balaban ( June 8, 1887 - March 7, 1971) was president of Paramount Pictures from 1936 to 1964 and innovator in the cinema Henry Cohen may refer to Henry Cohen 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead (1900&ndash1977 British physician doctor and lecturer Henry Cohen (civil Samuel Goldwyn ( ca. July 1879 &ndash 31 January 1974) was an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award -winning producer Louis Burt Mayer (born Lazar Meir July 4, 1884 &ndash October 29, 1957) was an early Film producer, most William Fox ( January 1, 1879 &ndash May 8, 1952) was a pioneering American Motion picture executive who founded the Jesse Louis Lasky ( September 13, 1880 &ndash January 13, 1958) was a pioneer Hollywood film producer and also a key founder This article is about Carl Laemmle the founder of Universal Pictures. Marcus Loew ( May 7, 1870 &ndash September 5, 1927) was an American business magnate and a pioneer of the Motion picture Adolf Zukor, born Adolph Cukor, ( January 7, 1873 &ndash June 10, 1976) was a film mogul and founder of Paramount Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and The characteristically Jewish field of American comedy includes the Marx Brothers, Three Stooges, Milton Berle, Bea Arthur, Mel Brooks, George Burns, Woody Allen, Joan Rivers, and Gilda Radner. The Marx Brothers were a popular team of sibling Comedians who appeared in Vaudeville, stage plays film and television The Three Stooges were an American Vaudeville and Comedy act of the early to mid–20th century best known for their numerous Short subject films Mendel "Milton Berle" Berlinger ( July 12, 1908 &ndash March 27, 2002) was an Emmy -winning American Comedian Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American director, Writer, Composer, Lyricist George Burns ( January 20 1896 &ndash March 9 1996; born Nathan Birnbaum) was an American comedian, Actor Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1 1935 is an American Film director, Writer, Actor, Comedian, and Joan Rivers (born Joan Alexandra Molinsky; June 8, 1933) is an American Comedian, Actress, Talk show Gilda Susan Radner ( June 28, 1946 – May 20, 1989) was an Emmy Award -winning American Comedienne and Actress The legacy also includes songwriters as diverse as Irving Berlin, Burt Bacharach, Carol King, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman (aka "The Sherman Brothers"), Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, Jeff Barry, Neil Diamond, Lou Reed, Bob Dylan, and Paul Simon and writers as diverse as J.D. Salinger, Joseph Heller, Ayn Rand, E.L. Doctorow, Lillian Hellman, Allen Ginsberg, Isaac Asimov, and Harlan Ellison, in addition to the authors listed above. Irving Berlin (11 May 1888 &ndash 22 September 1989 was a Russian-born American Composer and Lyricist, and one of the most prolific American songwriters Burt Bacharach (ˈbækəræk born May 12, 1928) is an American Pianist and Composer. Carol King can refer to Carole King, the American singer songwriter & pianist Ramblin' Jack Elliott (born Elliott Charles Adnopoz, August 1, 1931) is an American folk performer Robert Bernard Sherman (born December 19, 1925) (see also " Sherman Brothers " is an American Songwriter who specializes The Sherman Brothers are Academy Award -winning American Songwriters who specialize in Musical films. Jerome "Jerry" Leiber (born April 25, 1933) and Mike Stoller (born March 13, 1933) are among the most influential Jeff Barry (born April 3, 1938) is an American pop music Songwriter, Singer, and Record producer. Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American Singer-songwriter and occasional Actor. Lewis Allan Reed (born March 2 1942 is an American rock Singer-songwriter and Guitarist. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13 1941 is an American Songwriter, Musician, and member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Jerome David "J D" Salinger (born January 1 1919 (ˈsælɨndʒɚ is an American author best known for his 1951 Novel The Catcher in the Rye Joseph Heller (May 1 1923 – December 12 1999 was an American Satirical novelist Short story writer and playwright Ayn Rand (ˈaɪn ˈrænd &ndash March 6 1982 born Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum (Алиса Зиновьевна Розенбаум was a Russian born American Edgar Lawrence Doctorow (born January 6, 1931, New York New York) is an American Author whose critically acclaimed and award winning fiction Lillian Florence Hellman ( June 20, 1905 &ndash June 30, 1984) was an American playwright linked throughout her life with many Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Harlan Jay Ellison (born May 27, 1934) is a prolific American Writer of Short stories, Novellas, Teleplays
On the countercultural and radical political front, Jewish hippies Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, with help from Allen Ginsberg, formed the controversial Youth International Party ("Yippies"), and the four main organizers of the 1969 Woodstock Festival concert were all Jewish, as was Max Yasgur, the man on whose farm the legendary concert took place. Abbot Howard "Abbie" Hoffman (November 30 1936 &ndash April 12 1989 was a radical social and political activist in the United States who co-founded the Jerry Rubin ( July 14, 1938 – November 28, 1994) was a high-profile left-wing American social activist during the 1960s and Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. The Youth International Party, whose members were commonly called Yippies, was a highly theatrical and Anti-authoritarian Political party established in Max B Yasgur (December 15 1919&mdashFebruary 9 1973 was an American Farmer, best known as the owner of the In addition, master sound mixer and producer Eddie Kramer was Jewish, as is Bob Dylan, born Robert Allen Zimmerman, his first wife, Sara and sons Jesse and Jakob. Eddie Kramer (born 1941 in Cape Town, South Africa) is an Audio engineer and producer who has worked with Led Zeppelin, Triumph Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Sara Dylan (born October 28, 1939 in Wilmington Delaware) born as Shirley Marlin Noznisky and later known as Sara Lownds, was the Jesse Byron Dylan (born January 6 1966, New York City) is the eldest son of musician Bob Dylan and his first wife Sara Dylan. Jakob Luke Dylan, born December 9, 1969 in New York City, is best known as the lead singer and songwriter of the famous Rock band The Wallflowers Bob Dylan did convert to Christianity in the late 1970s, but he returned to his Jewish roots in the 1980s. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major
Many Jews have been at the forefront of women's issues. Jewish Women's rights activist Gloria Steinem once became a Playboy Bunny in order to write a book on how women were treated at their clubs. Gloria Marie Steinem (born March 25, 1934) is an American feminist icon Journalist and women's rights advocate A Playboy Bunny is a waitress at the Playboy Club. The Playboy Clubs were originally open from 1960–1988
Jews have also done well in the field of sport. The most notable of all would be Jewish Swimmer Mark Spitz who won 7 gold medals at the 1972 Munich Olympics, which is still an Olympic record for a single year in any sport. Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10 1950 is a retired American Swimmer, best known for winning seven gold medals at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Munich, in what was
Facebook creator Mark Zuckerberg has recently gained international prominence with the immense popularity of this online social networking site. Facebook is a social networking Website launched on February 4 2004 Mark Elliot Zuckerberg, (born May 14, 1984) is an American computer programmer and entrepreneur
Government and military
Since 1845, a total of 29 Jews have served in the Senate, including present-day senators Chuck Schumer (D-NY), Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ), Arlen Specter (R-PA), Norm Coleman (R-MN), Russ Feingold and Herb Kohl (both D-WI), Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein (both D-CA), Carl Levin (D-MI), Ron Wyden (D-OR), and Joe Lieberman (Independent-CT). The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Clinton is a town in and the Parish seat of East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States. This is a list of famous Jewish American politicians arranged chronologically This is a list of famous Jewish American in the US military Charles Ellis "Chuck" Schumer (born November 23, 1950) is the senior U Frank Raleigh Lautenberg (born January 23 1924 is an American businessman and Democratic Party Politician. Arlen Specter (born February 12 1930) is the senior United States Senator from Pennsylvania and a member of the Republican Party Norman Bertram "Norm" Coleman Jr (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician who has served as a U Russell Dana "Russ" Feingold (born March 2, 1953) is an American politician from the U Herbert H "Herb" Kohl (born February 7, 1935) is an American politician business leader and philanthropist Barbara Levy Boxer (born 11 November 1940 is an American Democratic Politician and the current junior U Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein (ˈfаɪnˌstаɪn (born June 22, 1933) is the senior U Carl Milton Levin (born June 28, 1934) is a Democratic United States Senator from Michigan and is the Chairman of the Senate Ronald Lee Wyden (born May 3, 1949) is an American politician Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24 1942 is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. In 2007, the number of Jews in the Senate rose to thirteen with the additional of Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and Ben Cardin (D-MD). Bernard "Bernie" Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is the junior United States Senator from Vermont, elected on November Benjamin Louis "Ben" Cardin (born October 5 1943) is a Democratic member of the United States Senate representing the state of The number of Jews elected to the House rose to an all time high of 30. Seven Jews have been appointed on the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.
Sixteen American Jews have been awarded the Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. Judah P. Benjamin was a member of the Confederate cabinet. Judah Philip Benjamin ( August 6, 1811 &ndash May 6, 1884) was an American politician and lawyer The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
World War II
After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the American entry into World War II, hundreds of thousands of Jews joined national service. The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including More than 550,000 served in the U.S. military during World War II; about 11,000 were killed and more than 40,000 were wounded. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States There were three recipients of the Medal of Honor, 157 recipients of the Army Distinguished Service Medal, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Distinguished Service Cross, or Navy Cross, and about 1600 recipients of the Silver Star. This article concerns the United States Army Distinguished Service Medal The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Army, awarded for extreme The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. The Silver Star is the third highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of any branch of the United States Armed Forces. About 50,242 other decorations. citations and awards were given to Jewish military personnel, for a total of 52,000 decorations. During this period, Jews were approximately 3. 3 percent of the total U. S. population but constituted about 4. 23 percent of the U. S. armed forces. About 60 percent of all Jewish physicians in the United States under 45 years of age were in service as military physicians and medics. Medic is a general term for a person involved in medicine especially emergency or first-response medicine such as an Emergency Medical Technician, Paramedic, or [26]
Many Jewish physicists were involved in the Manhattan Project, the secret World War II effort to develop the atomic bomb. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Many of these were refugees from Nazi Germany or from antisemitic persecution elsewhere in Europe. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility Jewish scientists involved in the Manhattan Project include Robert Oppenheimer, Richard P. Feynman, Wolfgang Pauli, Leo Szilard, Albert Einstein, John von Neumann, Isidor I. Rabi, Edward Teller, Eugene Wigner, Otto Frisch, Samuel Goudsmit, Jerome Karle, Stanisław Ulam, Robert Serber, Louis Slotin, Walter Zinn, Robert Marshak, Felix Bloch, Emilio G. Segrè, James Franck, Joseph Joffe, Eugene Rabinowitch, Hy Goldsmith, Samuel Cohen, Victor F. Weisskopf, and David Bohm. Richard Phillips Feynman (ˈfaɪnmən May 11 1918 – February 15 1988 was an American Physicist known for the Path integral formulation of quantum Leó Szilárd (Szilárd Leó February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was an Hungarian - American Physicist who Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Isidor Isaac Rabi ( July 29, 1898 &ndash January 11, 1988) Galician born Physicist, and Nobel laureate. Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15 1908 &ndash September 9 2003 was a Hungarian -American theoretical Physicist Eugene Paul "EP" Wigner ( Hungarian Wigner Pál Jenő) ( November 17, 1902 &ndash January 1, 1995) was a Otto Robert Frisch ( 1 October 1904 &ndash 22 September 1979) Austrian British Physicist. Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (born July 11, 1902 Den Haag, The Netherlands, died December 4, 1978 in Reno Nevada Jerome Karle (born June 18, 1918) is an American Jewish Physical chemist. Stanisław Marcin Ulam ( April 13, 1909 &ndash May 13, 1984) was a Polish Mathematician who participated in the Manhattan Robert Serber ( March 14 1909 - June 1 1997) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project. Louis Alexander Slotin (December 1 1910 – May 30 1946 was a Canadian Physicist and Chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project. Robert Eugene Marshak ( October 11, 1916 – December 23, 1992) was an American Physicist dedicated to learning research and education This page addresses only the Swiss physicist for the man accused of espionage see Felix Bloch (diplomatic officer Felix Bloch ( October 23 Emilio Gino Segrè ( February 1, 1905 – April 22, 1989) was an Italian Physicist and Nobel laureate in James Franck ( August 26, 1882 &ndash May 21, 1964) was a German -born Physicist and Nobel laureate from Eugene Rabinowitch (1901-1973 was a Russian born American biophysicist who is best known for his work in relation to Nuclear weapons, especially as a co-author Samuel T Cohen (born 1921 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Physicist who is known for inventing the W70 warhead and the "enhanced Weisskopf redirects here For people known under English version of that name see Whitehead. David Joseph Bohm ( December 20 1917, Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania – October 27 1992, London) was an American Hans Bethe and Niels Bohr both had Jewish mothers, which also necessitated their fleeing from Nazi-occupied lands during the war. Hans Albrecht Bethe (/hans ˈalbʀɛçt ˈbeːtə/ ( July 2 1906 &ndash March 6, 2005) was a German - American Physicist Niels Henrik David Bohr (nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ in Danish 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962 was a Danish Physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding
Science, business, and academia
Ashkenazi Jews have traditionally been drawn to business and academia (see Secular Jewish culture for some of the causes), and have made major contributions in science, economics, and the humanities. This page is a list of lists of notable American Jews. The Jewish population of the United States is currently the largest Jewish population in the world Note Please ensure that EVERY item entered here is properly sourced for being both Jewish and an American businessperson This page is a list of lists of notable American Jews. The Jewish population of the United States is currently the largest Jewish population in the world Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena above all it is the Culture of secular communities of Jewish people but it can also include Of American Nobel Prize winners, 37% have been Jewish Americans (19 times the percentage of Jews in the population), as have been 71% of the John Bates Clark Medal winners (thirty-five times the Jewish percentage). The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature The biennial John Bates Clark Medal is awarded by the American Economic Association to "that American economist under the age of forty who is adjudged to have While Jewish Americans only constitute roughly 2. 5% of the U. S. population, they occupied 7. 7% of board seats at U. S. corporations. [27]
Distribution of Jewish-Americans
According to the Glenmary Research Center, which publishes Religious Congregations and Membership in the United States [18], the 100 counties and independent cities in 2000 with the largest Jewish communities, based by percentage of total population, were:
|
|
Major Jewish-American communities
(Alphabetically by state and region)
| Colorado |
|---|
| Denver |
| Connecticut |
|---|
| Hamden · Stamford · West Hartford · Westport · Woodbridge |
| Georgia |
|---|
| Atlanta |
| Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| New Orleans | Uptown |
| Illinois |
|---|
| Arlington Heights · Buffalo Grove · Chicago (Gold Coast · Hyde Park · West Rogers Park) · Deerfield · Des Plaines · · Highland Park · Glencoe · Lincolnwood · Long Grove · Morton Grove · Northbrook · Skokie · |
| Maryland · District of Columbia |
|---|
| Baltimore · Owings Mills · Pikesville · Reisterstown · Aspen Hill · Bethesda · Chevy Chase · Gaithersburg · Kemp Mill · Kensington · Olney · Potomac · Rockville · Silver Spring · Takoma Park · Washington, D.C. · Wheaton · White Oak |
| Massachusetts |
|---|
| Boston · Brighton · Brookline · Cambridge · Lexington · Marblehead · Newton · Sharon · Sudbury · Wayland |
| Michigan | |
|---|---|
| Ann Arbor · Detroit (Bloomfield Hills · Bloomfield Township · West Bloomfield · Farmington Hills · Huntington Woods · Oak Park · Southfield) | |
| Minnesota |
|---|
| Minneapolis (St. Louis Park · Minnetonka) · St. Paul |
| Missouri |
|---|
| St. Louis (University City · Clayton · Ladue · Creve Coeur · Chesterfield) |
| New Jersey[31] |
|---|
| Cherry Hill · East Brunswick · Edison · Elizabeth · Englewood · Fair Lawn · Highland Park · Lakewood · Livingston · Manalapan Township · Marlboro Township · Millburn · Morristown · South Orange · West Orange · Passaic · Short Hills · Springfield · Teaneck · Tenafly · Wayne · Woodcliff Lake · Englewood Cliffs · Paramus · Fort Lee · Westfield |
| North Carolina |
|---|
| Cary · Charlotte · Gastonia · Greensboro · Raleigh |
| Ohio | |
|---|---|
| Cincinnati | Amberley · Blue Ash · Reading |
| Cleveland | Beachwood · Cleveland Heights · Lyndhurst · Mayfield Heights · Moreland Hills · Orange · Pepper Pike · Shaker Heights · Solon · South Euclid · University Heights |
| Columbus | Bexley |
| Texas | |
|---|---|
| Dallas | North Dallas (Preston Hollow, Devonshire, Melshire Estates, Bluff View, Greenway Parks, Turtle Creek, Bent Tree, Far North Dallas) · Plano |
| Houston | Meyerland · Memorial · Maplewood · Braeburn · Inwood Forest · Addicks · Cypress · Jersey Village · Piney Point Village · Bunker Hill Village · Hedwig Village · Hilshire Village · Hunters Creek Village · West University Place · Sugar Land · Champions Forest · The Woodlands · Klein · |
| Virginia |
|---|
| Alexandria · Fairfax · Falls Church |
| Washington |
|---|
| Bellevue · Mercer Island · Seattle · Seward Park |
| Wisconsin |
|---|
| Bayside · Glendale · Fox Point · Mequon · Whitefish Bay (All in metro Milwaukee) |
Notes and references
- ^ Mark R. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Northern California is the northern portion of the US state of California. Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. March 11, 1889 | Oakland (ˈoʊklənd founded in 1852 is the eighth-largest city in the U Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, incorporated in 1894 The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Santa Clara County is a County located in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U Walnut Creek is a Suburban community located 16 miles east of the city of Oakland Southern California, or So Cal, is defined as the southern portion of the U Agoura Hills is a city (incorporated in 1982 in Los Angeles County, California, and has the ZIP code Bel Air is a wealthy and prominent faux-gated residential community in the Westside of the city of Los Angeles California, United States. Brentwood is an affluent district in western Los Angeles, California, United States; it is not to be confused with Brentwood California, in Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County California, United States. Calabasas is a city in Los Angeles County California in the western United States. The Coachella Valley ( pronounced /koʊəˈtʃɛlə/ in English) is a large stretch of land in Southern California that is populated by close to a million The Fairfax District is an area of neighborhoods in the Mid-City West area of Los Angeles, California. Glendale ( is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Irvine ( is an incorporated city in Orange County California, United States Lake Forest is a city in Orange County, California, United States. Palm Springs is a desert city in Riverside County, California, approximately 111 miles (177 km east of Los Angeles and 136 miles (225 km northeast of Pasadena ( is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The San Fernando Valley or The Valley is an urbanized Valley located in the north-western section of the city of Los Angeles California, United States Tarzana (/tɑɹˈzænə/ is a district in the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles, California, United States. Thousand Oaks, commonly referred to as "TO" by residents is a city in southeastern Ventura County, California, in the United States. Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the US state of California ( Southern California) West Hollywood, a city in Los Angeles County California, was incorporated on November 29, 1984. Westlake Village is a community which straddles the Ventura and Los Angeles County line encompassing all of the area surrounding the lake at West Los Angeles (also known as West LA or the Westside) comprises the Los Angeles city communities of Bel Air, Beverly Crest The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. Stamford is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. "West Hartford" redirects here For the unincorporated community in Vermont, see West Hartford, Vermont. Westport is a coastal town located on Long Island Sound in Fairfield County, Connecticut, 47 miles north of New York City in the United Woodbridge is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Central Florida is the central region of the United States state of Florida, on the East Coast Ormond Beach is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States. Aventura is a planned City located in northeastern Miami-Dade County Florida. Bradenton is a city in Manatee County, Florida, United States. Boca Raton ("bōkə rə-tōn" is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida incorporated in May 1925 Boynton Beach is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. Delray Beach is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population Fort Lauderdale, known as the "Venice of America" due to its expansive and intricate Canal system is a city in Broward County, Florida, Golden Beach is a town located in the northeast corner of Miami-Dade County Florida, between the Intracoastal Waterway and Atlantic Ocean. Lake Worth is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, which takes its name from the body of water along its eastern border originally called "Lake Worth" Sarasota is a city located in Sarasota County on the southwestern coast of the state of Florida in the United States. Sunny Isles Beach is a city located on a barrier island in northeast Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. West Palm Beach, also known as West Palm, is the most populous city in Palm Beach County, Florida, USA. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Uptown is a section of New Orleans Louisiana on the East Bank of the Mississippi River encompassing a number of neighborhoods between the French Quarter The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Arlington Heights is a village in Cook County, Illinois and a northwestern Suburb of Chicago. Buffalo Grove is a village located in Northwest suburban Cook and Lake counties in Illinois, United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Neighborhoods Cabrini-Green See also Cabrini-Green Cabrini-Green was a notorious Public housing project History (Hyde Park Paul Cornell a successful businessman real-estate speculator and Abolitionist, purchased of land between 51st and 55th Streets along the Lake West Ridge or West Rogers Park is one of 77 well-defined Chicago Illinois community areas. Deerfield is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. Highland Park is a city in the Moraine Township of Lake County, Illinois, United States. Glencoe is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Lincolnwood (formerly Tessville is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Long Grove is an Affluent Village located in Lake County Illinois, approximately northwest of Chicago. Morton Grove is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Northbrook is a village located at the northern edge of Cook County Illinois. Skokie (formerly Niles Center is a Village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Owings Mills is an Unincorporated community and a Census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Pikesville is an Unincorporated community and a Census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Reisterstown is an Unincorporated community and Census-designated place in Baltimore County Maryland. Aspen Hill is a Census-designated place and an unincorporated area in Montgomery County Maryland. Bethesda is an Unincorporated area in southern Montgomery County Maryland, just Northwest of Washington D Chevy Chase is the name of both a Town and an unincorporated Census-Designated Place (CDP in Montgomery County Maryland. Gaithersburg is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland. As of 2005, the city had an estimated total population of 57698 making it the fourth largest in Kemp Mill is a Census-designated place and an unincorporated census area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Kensington is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Olney, a Census-designated place and an unincorporated area of Montgomery County Maryland, located in the north central part of the state twenty miles north of Potomac is a Census-designated place and an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Rockville is the County seat of Montgomery County Maryland, United States. Silver Spring is an urbanized Unincorporated area in Montgomery County Maryland, USA Takoma Park is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland. The population was 17299 at the 2000 census Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Wheaton is an unincorporated urbanized area in Montgomery County Maryland, USA, north of Washington D White Oak is a Census-designated place and an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Brighton is a neighborhood of the City of Boston, Massachusetts, located in the northwest corner of the city Brookline is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States, which borders on the cities of Boston and Newton. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. Lexington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Marblehead is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The City of Newton in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, is an important residential Suburb of Boston, which abuts it on the east Sharon is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Sudbury is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Wayland is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Ann Arbor is a city in the US state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. Bloomfield Hills is a City in Oakland County of the US state of Michigan, northwest of Detroit (18 miles from downtown Detroit Bloomfield Township is the name of some places in the US state of Michigan Bloomfield Township Huron County Michigan Bloomfield Township Missaukee West Bloomfield Township is a Charter township and suburb of Detroit in Oakland County in the U Farmington Hills is an affluent as well as the most populous city in Oakland County in the U Huntington Woods is a city in Oakland County in the US state of Michigan. Oak Park is a city in Oakland County of the US state of Michigan. Southfield is a city in Oakland County of the US state of Michigan. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers St Louis Park is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, and a first ring- Suburb immediately west of Minneapolis. Minnetonka is a Suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, eight miles west of Minneapolis. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee University City is a city in St Louis County, Missouri, United States. Clayton is the county seat of St Louis County Missouri, part of the Greater St Ladue is a city in west St Louis County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census the city had a Population of 8645 Creve Coeur, derived from French for "broken heart" ( Crève Cœur) is a city in west St Chesterfield is the largest city in west St Louis County, Missouri, United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Cherry Hill Township is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. This article is about the township in New Jersey for the suburb in Melbourne Victoria see Brunswick East Victoria East Brunswick is a Suburban Edison Township (usually known as Edison) is a township in Middlesex County New Jersey, United States. Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. Englewood is a city located in Bergen County, New Jersey. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 26203 Fair Lawn is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Highland Park is a Borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. Lakewood Township is a township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Livingston is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Manalapan Township is a Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Marlboro is a Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Millburn is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. This article is about the Town of Morristown in New Jersey Other places in New Jersey with similar names are Morris Township, Morris Plains, and Moorestown South Orange Village is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. West Orange is a township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Short Hills is an unincorporated area located within the township of Millburn, in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. see also Springfield Township Burlington County, New Jersey for another township in New Jersey with the same name Springfield Township Teaneck (ˈtiːnɛk is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey, and is a Suburb in the New York metropolitan area. Tenafly (ˈtɛnəflaɪ is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Wayne is a Township in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States, located less than 15 miles from midtown Manhattan. Englewood Cliffs is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Paramus (pəˈræməs is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Fort Lee is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Westfield is a town in Union County, New Jersey, United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches Baldwin is the name of some places in the US state of New York Baldwin Chemung County New York (town Baldwin Nassau County New York Commack (/KO-mack/ or /KOM-mack/ KOM-mack is the original pronunciation and used by long time inhabitants of the area KO-mack is used by the majority of population who have or whose Dix Hills is census-designated hamlet located in western Suffolk County New York on Long Island. East Hampton New York can refer to East Hampton (town New York, a town in Suffolk County New York, USA The Five Towns also refers to Stoke-on-Trent in Arnold Bennett 's novels Great Neck is a Village in Nassau County, New York, in the US The Town of Huntington is a town located on the North Shore of Long Island, in northwestern Suffolk County, New York. Jericho is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) in Nassau County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. Merrick is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) in Nassau County, New York, USA. Massapequa is a hamlet (and a Census-designated place) located in Nassau County New York. Oceanside is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) located in the south part of the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County New York. Old Bethpage is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) located in the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County New York, USA. Plainview is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) located in the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County New York, USA. Roslyn (/ROHZ-lin/ is a Village in Nassau County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. Port Washington is a hamlet and Census Designated Place in Nassau County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. Syosset is a hamlet (and a Census-designated place) in Nassau County, New York, within the Town of Oyster Bay. West Hempstead is a Suburban community (and Census-designated place) in Nassau County, New York, United States. The City of New York Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Bensonhurst is a neighborhood located in the south-central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Borough Park (usually spelled by its residents Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438 Coney Island is a Peninsula, formerly an island in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA with a Beach on the Atlantic Ocean Crown Heights is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. Dyker Heights is a residential neighborhood in the southwest corner of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City, USA. Midwood is a Neighborhood in the south central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, New York, USA, roughly halfway Prospect-Lefferts Gardens is the name given to a neighborhood in Flatbush in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Prospect Heights is a Neighborhood in the northwest of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Sheepshead Bay is a Bay separating the Mainland of Brooklyn, New York City from the eastern portion of Coney Island, the latter originally Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint, Bedford-Stuyvesant, and Bushwick Castle Hill is a mostly working to middle-class residential neighborhood geographically located in the New York City borough of The Bronx. City Island is a small Island approximately 15 mi (24 km long by. Co-op City is the largest cooperative housing development in the world Norwood is a working class residential neighborhood geographically located in the northwest Bronx, New York City. Pelham Gardens is a working class neighborhood geographically located in the east Bronx borough of New York City in the United States. Pelham Parkway is a working class neighborhood geographically located in the east Bronx borough of New York City in the United States. Riverdale (population approximately 45000 according to the 2000 U Van Cortlandt Park is a 1146 acre (46 km² park located in the Bronx in New York City. Woodlawn (population 7741 is a neighborhood in the borough of The Bronx in New York City. Forest Hills is a neighborhood in the central part of the New York City borough of Queens. Kew Gardens is a neighborhood in central Queens bounded to the north and east by the Jackie Robinson Parkway (formerly Interborough Parkway) Queens Little Neck is a community in the New York City Borough (New York City of Queens. Fresh Meadows is a residential Neighborhood in northeastern portion of the New York City borough of Queens. Rego Park is a diverse neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The Lower East Side is a Neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Inwood is the northernmost neighborhood on Manhattan Island in the New York City Borough of Manhattan. See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial The Upper West Side is a neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City that lies between Central Park and the Hudson River Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name Willowbrook is a neighborhood in Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of the U New Springville is a neighborhood in Staten Island New York. The island makes up one of the five boroughs of New York City; the city is the largest in the United Orange County is a County located in the US state of New York. Kiryas Joel (also known as Kiryas Yo'el or KJ) ( Hebrew: קרית יואל " Town of Joel " is a Village Rockland County is a County located in the US state of New York, 12 miles north-northwest of New York City. Kaser is a village in the Town of Ramapo Rockland County, New York, United States located north of Monsey; east of Monsey is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) in the Town of Ramapo Rockland County, New York, United States located Montebello is a village in the Town of Ramapo Rockland County, New York, United States located north of Suffern; east of New City is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) in the Town of Clarkstown Rockland County, New York, United States. See related article Skver (Hasidic dynasty New Square (Hebrew שיכון סקווירא) is an all-Hasidic village Spring Valley, incorporated on July 9th 1902 is a village in the Town of Ramapo Rockland County, New York, United States Suffern is a village in the Town of Ramapo Rockland County, New York, United States located north of the State of New Jersey Viola is a hamlet (and Census-designated place) in the Town of Ramapo Rockland County, New York, United States located Wesley Hills is a village in the Town of Ramapo Rockland County, New York, United States located north of Viola; east of Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U Chappaqua is a hamlet and census-designated place in northern Westchester County, New York. Harrison is a town/village in Westchester County, New York, United States. Hartsdale is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP located in the town of Greenburgh, Westchester County New York. Irvington, sometimes known as "Irvington-on-Hudson" is an affluent suburban village in the Town of Greenburgh in Westchester County Larchmont is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. Mamaroneck New York may refer to two places in the United States Mamaroneck (town New York, a town in Westchester County Mamaroneck (village New Rochelle ( French: Nouvelle-Rochelle) is a city in the south-east portion of the U Rye is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. The City of White Plains is the County seat of Westchester County New York. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Cary (ˈkeər'i is a town in Wake and Chatham counties in the U Gastonia is a city in North Carolina, United States. It is the County seat of Gaston County. Raleigh (pronounced rah-lee) is the Capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County, USA Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Amberley Village is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Blue Ash is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, just outside Cincinnati. Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ rhyming with "bedding" is a City in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Cleveland Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, a suburb of Cleveland. Lyndhurst is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 15279 at the 2000 census. Mayfield Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Moreland Hills is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Orange is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is an affluent Suburb of Cleveland. Pepper Pike is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Shaker Heights is a City in the US state of Ohio. As of the 2000 Census, the city population was 29405 and was the tenth-largest city in Solon is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and is an affluent Suburb of Cleveland in the Northeast Ohio Region the 14th largest South Euclid is a City in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. University Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County Ohio, United States. Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Bexley is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. Incorporated as a village in 1908 Bexley is an old tree-lined suburb of Ohio's capital The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Cheltenham Township is a township bordering Philadelphia in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Elkins Park is an Unincorporated community, portions of which are located in both Cheltenham Township and Abington Township in the Suburbs Overbrook is a neighborhood behind West Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lower Merion Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and part of the Pennsylvania Main Line. Bala Cynwyd is a Village in Lower Merion Township which is located in the Main Line in southeastern Pennsylvania, bordering the western Gladwyne is a suburban community in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Merion is a community in Pennsylvania state of the United States. Wynnewood Pennsylvania is a Suburban community located outside of Philadelphia in Lower Merion Township Pennsylvania, United States Narberth is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Oxford Circle is a neighborhood in in the lower Northeast section of Philadelphia PA. Rhawnhurst is a residential neighborhood in the Northeast section of Philadelphia, named for George and William Rhawn by area real estate developers The Bustleton section of Northeast Philadelphia is located in the Far Northeast north of Rhawnhurst and Fox Chase and south of Somerton; sitting Richboro is a Census-designated place (CDP in Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Spring House is a Census-designated place (CDP in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Upper Dublin Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Abington Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Dresher is a community in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, USA. Fort Washington is an unincorporated Census-designated place and suburb of Philadelphia in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United The Borough of West Chester is the County seat of Chester County Pennsylvania, United States. Squirrel Hill is a large residential Neighborhood in the east end of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. North Dallas is an expansive area of numerous communities and neighborhoods in Dallas, Texas ( United States) Preston Hollow is a neighborhood in north Dallas, Texas, USA. Devonshire is an upscale and affluent neighborhood in north Dallas, Texas ( USA) bounded by the Dallas North Tollway on the east Melshire Estates is a neighborhood in north Dallas, Texas ( USA) Bluffview is an upscale neighborhood in north Dallas, Texas ( USA) Greenway Parks is a neighborhood in north Dallas, Texas ( USA) bounded by the Dallas North Tollway on the east Mockingbird Lane For the creek see Turtle Creek (Dallas County Texas. For the road see Turtle Creek Boulevard. Plano (ˈpleɪnoʊ is a city in Collin and Denton Counties in the U Meyerland is a community in southwest Houston Texas, outside of the 610 Loop and inside Beltway 8. The Memorial area of Houston Texas is a wealthy district west of the Downtown Houston and northwest of Uptown Houston. Maplewood is a community in Houston, Texas. Maplewood is located outside of the 610 Loop and inside Beltway 8. Braeburn is a group of subdivisions in southwest Houston Texas along Brays Bayou west of Hillcroft Avenue and south of the Sharpstown community Inwood Forest is a community of 1200 homes in near-northwest Houston Texas. Addicks is an area of Houston that was formerly its own community Cypress (often referred to as Cypress-Fairbanks or Cy-Fair is an Unincorporated area of Harris County, Texas, United States located completely Jersey Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. Piney Point Village is a city in Harris County Texas. The population was 3380 at the 2000 census Bunker Hill Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. Hedwig Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. Hilshire Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. Hunters Creek Village is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. West University Place, often called West University or West U for short is a city located in the U Sugar Land is a city located in Fort Bend County along the Gulf Coast region in the U The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Alexandria is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This article refers to the independent city of Fairfax Va For the surrounding unincorporated area of Fairfax County with a Fairfax postal address please see Fairfax County Virginia Falls Church is an Independent city in Virginia, United States. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Bellevue ( "BELL-view") is a rapidly growing city in King County, Washington, U Mercer Island is a city in King County, Washington, USA The population was 22036 at the 2000 census Seward Park is a 300 acre (120 ha Park in Seattle Washington that occupies all of Bailey Peninsula, a forested Peninsula off south Seattle Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Bayside (ZIP code 53217 is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. Glendale is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. Fox Point is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. Mequon (MEK-wan is a city in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. Whitefish Bay is a Village in Milwaukee County in the US state of Wisconsin. Levy and Michael S. Kramer, The Ethnic Factor (1973) p. 103
- ^ 2006 exit polls at [1] They were 74% for John Kerry, a Catholic, in 2004. [2]
- ^ See Ynet News at [3]
- ^ See Ynet News at [4]
- ^ Joachim Prinz March on Washington Speech
- ^ http://www.crmvet.org/info/mowprog.htm
- ^ Staub (2004) p. 80
- ^ Staub (2004)
- ^ Roberta Strauss Feuerlicht. “The Fate of the Jews, A people torn between Israeli Power and Jewish Ethics”. Times Books, 1983. ISBN 0812910605
- ^ ARIS Key Findings at http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm
- ^ Pfeffer, Anshel. Jewish Agency: 13.2 million Jews worldwide on eve of Rosh Hashanah, 5768. Haaretz Daily Newspaper Israel. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ Brandeis University Study Finds that American-Jewish Population is Significantly Larger than Previously Thought - Press Release
- ^ Gold, Steven & Phillips, Bruce, “Israelis in the United States”, American Jewish Yearbook, 1996 96: 51 - 101, <http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1996_3_SpecialArticles.pdf>
- ^ Database on immigrants and expatriates:Emigration rates by country of birth (Total population). Organisation for Economic Co-ordination and Development, Statistics Portal. Retrieved on April 15, 2008.
- ^ Postrel, Virginia (May 1993). "Uncommon Culture". Reason Magazine.
- ^ ARIS 2001
- ^ While Most Americans Believe in God, Only 36% Attend a Religious Service Once a Month or More Often
- ^ a b Milton Friedman and Rose D. Friedman, Two Lucky People: Memoirs (1998) p. 58 online
- ^ Morton Keller, Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University. (2001), pp 75, 82, 97, 212, 472.
- ^ Hillel's Top 10 Jewish Schools
- ^ Hillel's Top 10 Jewish Schools
- ^ Brandeis University
- ^ Northwestern University
- ^ Washington University
- ^ Mark R. Levy and Michael S. Kramer, The Ethnic Factor (1973) p. 103
- ^ Brody, Seymour. "Jewish Heroes and Heroines in America: World War II to the Present, A Judaica Collection Exhibit. "
- ^ Mother Jones, the Changing Power Elite, 1998. Retrieved on 2007-01-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.
- ^ Manhattan
- ^ Brooklyn
- ^ Staten Island
- ^ a b c d New Jersey, New York City, Long Island and Westchester County each have large Jewish communities, but the areas listed within and without have the highest concentrations. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name
Bibliography
- Antler, Joyce. , ed. Talking Back: Images of Jewish Women in American Popular Culture. 1998.
- Cohen, Naomi. Jews in Christian America: The Pursuit of Religious Equality. 1992.
- Cutler, Irving. The Jews of Chicago: From Shtetl to Suburb. 1995
- Diner, Hasia. The Jews of the United States, 1654 to 2000 (2004) online
- Dinnerstein, Leonard. Antisemitism in America. 1994.
- Dollinger, Marc. Quest for Inclusion: Jews and Liberalism in Modern America. 2000.
- Eisen, Arnold M. The Chosen People in America: A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology. 1983.
- Glazer, Nathan. American Judaism. 2nd ed. , 1989.
- Goren, Arthur. The Politics and Public Culture of American Jews. 1999.
- Gurock, Jeffrey S. From Fluidity to Rigidity: The Religious Worlds of Conservative and Orthodox Jews in Twentieth Century America. Jean and Samuel Frankel Center for Judaic Studies, 1998.
- Hyman, Paula, and Deborah Dash Moore, eds. Jewish Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. 1997
- Lederhendler, Eli. New York Jews and the Decline of Urban Ethnicity, 1950–1970. 2001
- Moore, Deborah Dash. To the Golden Cities: Pursuing the American Jewish Dream in Miami and L. A. 1994
- Moore, Deborah Dash. GI Jews: How World War II Changed a Generation (2006)
- Novick, Peter. The Holocaust in American Life. 1999.
- Raphael, Marc Lee. Judaism in America. Columbia U. Press, 2003. 234 pp.
- Sarna, Jonathan D. American Judaism Yale University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-300-10197-X 512pp
- Shapiro, Edward S. A Time for Healing: American Jewry since World War II. Jewish People in America, vol. 5. 1992.
- Sorin, Gerald. Tradition Transformed: The Jewish Experience in America. 1997.
- Staub, Michael E. ed. The Jewish 1960s: An American Sourcebook University Press of New England, 2004; 371 pp. ISBN 1-58465-417-1 online review
- Svonkin, Stuart. Jews against Prejudice: American Jews and the Fight for Civil Liberties. 1997
- Waxman, Chaim I. "What We Don't Know about the Judaism of America's Jews. " Contemporary Jewry (2002) 23: 72-95. Issn: 0147-1694 Uses survey data to map the religious beliefs of American Jews, 1973-2002.
- Wertheimer, Jack, ed. The American Synagogue: A Sanctuary Transformed. 1987.
- Whitfield, Stephen J. In Search of American Jewish Culture. 1999
External links
- American Jewish Historical Society
- Short article on the archaeology of immigrant California Jews see Chapter 3.
- Resources > Jewish communities > America > Northern America The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Feinstein Center. Comprehensive collection of links to Jewish American history, organizations, and issues.
- United Jewish Communities of North America. Also site of population survey statistics.
- Jews in America from the Jewish Virtual Library.
- Jewish-American Literature
- Thoughts About The Jewish People By American Thinkers
- Jewish-American History on the Web
- Jewish American Hall of Fame
- The Jewish Impact on America
- Jewish Success In The American Media
- 2000-01 National Jewish Population Survey
- 2005 Great Boston Jewish Community Study
American Jews
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