America's Cup
Sport	Sailing
Founded	1851
No. Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Baseball The Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York plays two matches with the Washington club soon named Gotham of teams	13 (2009?)
Country(ies)	International  Spain (2009 Host)
Most recent champion(s)	Alinghi
Official website	http://www.americascup.com

The America’s Cup is the most prestigious regatta and match race in the sport of sailing, and the oldest active trophy in international sport, predating the Modern Olympics by 45 years. A regatta is a term used to describe either a Boat race or series of boat races A match race is a race between two competitors going head-to-head Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force ----A trophy is a reward for a specific achievement and usually afterwards serves as proof of merit Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad are an International Multi-sport event, usually quadrennial organised by the International The sport attracts top sailors and yacht designers because of its long history and prestige. Although the most salient aspect of the regatta is its yacht races, it is also a test of boat design, sail design, fundraising, and management skills. The cup, originally offered as the Royal Yacht Squadron cup, is now named after the first yacht to win the trophy, the schooner America. History Founded on the 1st of June 1815 in the Thatched House Tavern in St James’s London as The Yacht Designer The America was designed by George Steers a revolutionary designer who began the practice of giving ships a knife-like bow widening Aft The trophy remained in the hands of the New York Yacht Club of the United States from 1852 or 1857 (when the syndicate that won the Cup donated the trophy to the club) until 1983 when the Cup was won by the challenger, Australia II of Australia, ending the longest winning streak in the history of sport. Clubhouses In 1845 the club’s first clubhouse was established -- a modest Gothic-revival building in Hoboken New Jersey, on land donated by Commodore The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Australia II is a 12-metre class Yacht, and the first successful challenger for the America's Cup after 132 years For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The skipper of Australia II, John Bertrand, was quoted in saying, “This puts yacht racing back on the map!”. John Edwin Bertrand AM (born December 20, 1946 in Melbourne Victoria) is a yachtsman from Australia, who skippered

The America’s Cup regatta is a challenge-driven yacht series that currently involves a best-of-nine series of match racing (a duel between two boats). A regatta is a term used to describe either a Boat race or series of boat races A match race is a race between two competitors going head-to-head Since the 1992 match, the regatta has been sailed with the International America’s Cup Class (IACC) sloop, a monohull class. The International Americas Cup Class is a class of sailing vessels that was developed for the America's Cup competition For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project. A monohull is a type of boat having only one hull, unlike Multihulled boats which can have two or more individual hulls connected to one another Boats that conform to the IACC rules typically have a length of about 75 feet (23 m). Sail numbers for the 'new generation' International America's Cup Class (IACC yachts are issued on a sequential numerical basis Any challenger who meets the requirements specified in the Deed of Gift, which governs the regatta, has the right to challenge the yacht club that holds the Cup. Since 1983, Louis Vuitton has sponsored the Louis Vuitton Cup as a prize for the winner of the challenger selection series (which was inaugurated for the 1970 match). Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton ( pronounced /lwi vɥitɔ̃/ or sometimes shortened to LV, is a French luxury fashion See also America's Cup The Louis Vuitton Cup is one of the most famous and prestigious The America’s Cup is a race between the winner of the Louis Vuitton Cup and the current holder. If the challenging team wins the cup, the cup’s ownership is transferred from the defender’s yacht club to the winning team’s yacht club.

History

Yacht America in 1851 by Currier & Ives

The Cup itself is an ornate silver-plated Britannia metal bottomless ewer, designed and crafted in 1848 by Garrard & Co. Designer The America was designed by George Steers a revolutionary designer who began the practice of giving ships a knife-like bow widening Aft Currier and Ives was an American Printmaking firm headed by Nathaniel Currier (1813–1888 and James Merritt Ives (1824–1895 and based in Britannia metal is a Pewter -type alloy favoured for its silvery appearance and smooth surface A pitcher is a container with a spout used for pouring its contents Garrard & Co formerly Asprey & Garrard is a luxury Jewellery and Silver company founded by George Wickesin London in 1735 ^[1] The trophy is inscribed with names of the yachts that competed in the regatta’s matches. Bases matching the silver cup were added in 1958 and 2003 to accommodate more names. The cup is one of three or six that were made as off-the-shelf trophies. Sir Henry Paget, the Marquess of Anglesey bought one and donated it for the Royal Yacht Squadron’s 1851 Annual Regatta around the Isle of Wight. Marquess of Anglesey is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. History Founded on the 1st of June 1815 in the Thatched House Tavern in St James’s London as The Yacht The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the It was originally known by the Squadron as the “Royal Yacht Squadron Cup” or the “RYS Cup for One Hundred Sovereigns”. The Cup subsequently became known as the “One Hundred Guinea(s) Cup”, by the American syndicate that won it. As time went by, the Cup was also referred to as the “Queen’s Cup”, the “America Cup”, and the “America’s Cup”. Today, the trophy is officially known as the America’s Cup and affectionately called the “Auld Mug” by the sailing community.

The regatta’s origins date back to August 22, 1851 when the 30. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year 86 m schooner-yacht America, owned by a syndicate that represented the New York Yacht Club, raced 15 yachts representing the Royal Yacht Squadron around the Isle of Wight. America won by 20 minutes. Apocryphally, Queen Victoria asked who was second; the answer famously was: “There is no second, your Majesty. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ”

Volunteer turning Sandy Hook Lightship on Sept. "Volunteer" was the victorious American defender of the seventh America's Cup race in 1887 against Scottish challenger " Thistle " 27, 1887 during the seventh America’s Cup.

The surviving members of the syndicate which owned the America donated the Cup through a Deed of Gift (written in 1852) to the New York Yacht Club on July 8, 1857. The Deed of Gift is the primary instrument that governs the rules to make a valid challenge for the America’s Cup and the rules of conduct of the races Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the The trophy would be held in trust as a “challenge” trophy to promote friendly competition among nations.

See also: Deed of Gift

The Start of the Challenges

Stung by this blow to the contemporary perceptions of invincible British sea power, a succession of British syndicates attempted to win back the cup, but the New York Yacht Club remained unbeaten for 25 challenges over 113 years, the longest winning streak in the history of sport. The Deed of Gift is the primary instrument that governs the rules to make a valid challenge for the America’s Cup and the rules of conduct of the races The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Matches were held in the vicinity of New York City from 1870 and 1920, which includes the “Herreshoff Period” between 1893 and 1920, when cup defenders were designed by Nathanael Herreshoff. The City of New York Nathanael Greene Herreshoff ( March 18, 1848 – June 2, 1938) born in Bristol Rhode Island, was a Naval architect - From 1930 to 1983, the races were sailed off Newport, Rhode Island for the rest of the NYYC’s reign. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States

Shamrock III would lose to Reliance in 1903

One of the most famous and determined challengers was Scottish tea baron Sir Thomas Lipton. Reliance was the 1903 America's Cup defender the fourth America's Cup defender from the famous designer Nat Herreshoff, and reportedly the largest Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton Bt KCVO (born 10 May 1848 in Glasgow; died 2 October 1931 in London Between 1899 and 1930 he mounted five challenges, all in yachts named Shamrock, two of which were designed by William Fife. William Fife III (1857-1944 also known as Wm Fife Jr was the third generation of a family of Scottish Yacht designers and builders One of Lipton’s motivations for making so many challenges was the publicity that racing generated for his Lipton Tea company, though his original entry was at the personal request of the Prince of Wales in hopes of repairing trans-Atlantic ill-will generated by the contentious earlier challenger, Lord Dunraven. Lipton is one of the world's best-known and best-selling brands of both hot leaf and ready-to-drink Tea. Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl (sometimes spelt "Mount Earl" or "Mountearl" is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. Lipton was preparing for his sixth challenge when he died in 1931. The yachts used during the Lipton era were very large sailing sloops; for example, Shamrock V, which is still sailing today, measures 120 feet (36 m) long. For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project.

After World War II

After World War II, the huge and expensive J-class yachts were replaced by the much smaller 12-metre class yachts, which measure from approximately 65 feet to 75 feet (20 to 23 m) overall. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During the 1930s J-class yachts were built to race in the America's Cup. The New York Yacht Club’s unbeaten streak continued in eight more defenses, running from 1958 to 1980. The inventor of the cunningham sail control device to increase performance, Briggs Cunningham, skippered the Columbia during its 1958 victory in the first challenge after 1937. In Sailing, a cunningham or cunningham's eye is a type of Downhaul used on a Bermuda rigged sailboat to change the shape of a sail Briggs Swift Cunningham II ( January 19 1907 - July 2 2003) was an American sportsman who raced cars and yachts Alan Bond, a flamboyant and controversial Australian businessman made three challenges for the cup between 1974 and 1980, failing all three times, including a loss to Ted Turner in 1977, who skippered Courageous. Alan Bond (born 22 April 1938 is a notorious Australian businessman famous for high-profile business ventures including what was at the time the biggest corporate collapse Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American Media proprietor and philanthropist. He returned in 1983 with a golden spanner which he claimed would be used to unbolt the cup from its plinth, so he could take it home. A plinth is the base of a cabinet in Cabinet making. In Architecture, a plinth is the base or platform upon which a Column, Pedestal

In 1983 there were seven foreign challengers for the cup. Bond’s campaign, representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club, won the elimination series for the “right to challenge” the NYYC, the prize for which was the Louis Vuitton Cup. Club flag At a general meeting in 1891 the old blue PYC burgee was replaced with a triangular St George's Cross with a St Edward's crown in the upper See also America's Cup The Louis Vuitton Cup is one of the most famous and prestigious In the challenger series, Bond’s Australia II, skippered by John Bertrand and designed by Ben Lexcen won easily. The Australia II is a 12-metre class Yacht, and the first successful challenger for the America's Cup after 132 years Ben Lexcen AM (19 March 1936 – 1 May 1988 was an Australian yachtsman and marine architect The Australians recovered from a bad start to win the America’s Cup 4-3 in a best-of-seven format and break the 132-year winning streak.

Beaten skipper Dennis Conner won the Cup back four years later, with the yacht Stars & Stripes representing the San Diego Yacht Club, but had to fend off an unprecedented 13 challenger syndicates to do it. Dennis Conner is one of the world's most famous and successful racing sailors having competed and been successful in Olympic events the America's Cup, many different offshore Background The 1983 America's Cup off Newport Rhode Island was arguably one of the most significant in the history of the Cup Stars & Stripes is the name of a series of racing Yachts operated by Dennis Conner to compete in the America's Cup. Jr Sailing Program San Diego Yacht Club boasts one of the largest and oldest junior sailing programs in the country Bond’s syndicate lost the Defender series and did not race in the final.

The changing face of the Cup

Technology was now playing an increasing role in the yacht design. The 1983 winner, Australia II, had sported its innovative winged keel, and the New Zealand boat that Conner had beaten in the Louis Vuitton Cup final in Fremantle was the first 12-metre class to have a fibreglass hull construction rather than aluminium or wood. A winged keel is a sailboat Keel, usually of high aspect ratio, that uses a nearly horizontal foil, the " Wing " at the bottom to provide New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. WikipediaNaming All three building materials had long been permitted under the 12-metre class rules, however given the nature of building one-off boats fibreglass construction was not considered viable.

The New Zealand syndicate had to fight off demands from other challenging teams concerning the consistency of the thickness of the fibreglass hull. The 12-metre class rules stipulated that the hull had to be the same thickness throughout and could not be made lighter in the bow and stern. The demand was for “core samples” be taken from the plastic hull to show its thickness. At one press conference Tom Blackaller, the skipper of the USA syndicate from San Francisco, stated “Why would you build a plastic yacht unless you wanted to cheat?”. Dennis Conner, who was sitting next to Blackaller at the press conference, attempted to defuse the situation but it certainly added to the controversy.

The controversy over New Zealand's hull could be considered all part of the politics of the cup. The New Zealand refusal was based on the damage core samples might cause to the integrity of the hull. In turn they offered to carry out non-destructive testing. New Zealand syndicate head Sir Michael Fay's comment was that core samples would be taken "over my dead body". Eventually core samples were taken and the hull was found to be consistent and within class rules. Fay ceremonally lay down in front of the measurer before the samples were taken.

The end of the 12-metre era

In 1988, soon after Stars and Stripes’ victory had redeemed Dennis Conner’s reputation but before the San Diego Yacht Club had publicly issued terms for the next regatta, a New Zealand syndicate, again led by merchant banker Sir Michael Fay, lodged a surprise “big boat” challenge under the original rules of the cup trust deed. Stars & Stripes is the name of a series of racing Yachts operated by Dennis Conner to compete in the America's Cup. Sir Michael Fay is a New Zealand merchant banker and partner in the Merchant bank Fay Richwhite. The challenge used a gigantic yacht named New Zealand (KZ1) or the Big Boat. The KZ1 Yacht was a 1988 America's Cup challenger from New Zealand. Fay had challenged using the maximum size one-masted yacht possible – even larger than a J-class yacht – which was swiftly built and presented for the contest. Conner’s syndicate, however, recognised that a catamaran was not expressly prohibited under the rules. A catamaran (From Tamil 'kattumaram' is a type of Multihulled Boat or Ship consisting of two hulls or vakas joined by some Catamarans, due to lower mass to sail area ratios and other factors, are in general vastly quicker than monohulls. Conner did not leave anything to chance, however, and commissioned a cutting-edge design with a wing sail, also named Stars and Stripes. WING "ESPN 1410" is a commercial AM radio station in Dayton Ohio operating with 5000 watts at 1410 kHz with studios offices and transmitter located on David Stars & Stripes is the name of a series of racing Yachts operated by Dennis Conner to compete in the America's Cup. A legal battle ensued over whether Conner or Fay had broken the rules or if both had merely skirted the edges of them. Justice Carmen Ciparik of the New York State Supreme (trial) Court, which administers the Deed of Gift, ruled that Fay's challenge on behalf of Mercury Bay Boating Club (MBBC) was valid and ordered SDYC to accept it, and to negotiate mutually-agreeable terms for a match, or race under the default provisions of the Deed, or forfeit the Cup to MBBC. By then, neither side was keen to negotiate, and the two yachts raced under the simple terms of the Deed in September, 1988. New Zealand predictably lost by a huge margin. Fay then took SDYC back to court. Ciparik ruled that Conner's catamaran was not in accordance with the Deed, and awarded New Zealand the Cup. However, Ciparik's decision was overturned on appeal and SDYC's win was reinstated. Fay then appealed to New York's top court and lost, meaning SDYC had successfully defended the Cup -- on the water and off -- in what most observers described then and since as the most controversial Cup match ever.

IACC Era

In the wake of the 1988 challenge, the International America’s Cup Class (IACC) of yachts was introduced, replacing the 12-metre class that had been used since 1958. The International Americas Cup Class is a class of sailing vessels that was developed for the America's Cup competition First raced in 1992, the IACC yachts were used until the 2007 America's Cup. Challenger selection - Louis Vuitton Cup 2007 See also Louis Vuitton Cup 2007 In preparation for the 2007 America's Cup there were a series of regattas leading

• In 1992, USA-23 of the America³ team, skippered by billionaire Bill Koch and sailing legend Harry “Buddy” Melges, defeated the Italian challenger Il Moro ITA-25, owned by billionaire Raul Gardini’s Il Moro di Venezia 5-1. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Sail numbers for the 'new generation' International America's Cup Class (IACC yachts are issued on a sequential numerical basis A billionaire is a person who has a Net worth of at least one billion units of currency such as United States dollars ( USD /US$ U William Ingraham Koch (born May 3, 1940) is a wealthy American businessman sailor and collector Harry "Buddy" Melges Jr, is one of the most successful competitive Sailors in history with dozens of national and international championships in many different classes Sail numbers for the 'new generation' International America's Cup Class (IACC yachts are issued on a sequential numerical basis The Il Moro di Venezia was the Italian America's Cup Contender in 1992 (Team New Zealand led 4-1 in the Louis Vuitton final before a protest by the Italians about the use of Team New Zealand’s bowsprit for certain spinnaker manoeuvres, allowed the Italians to come back and narrowly advance to the cup final).

• In 1995, The Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron syndicate Team New Zealand, skippered by Russell Coutts, first won the challenger series in NZL 32, dubbed Black Magic because of its black hull and uncanny speed. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron is New Zealand 's most prestigious Yacht club, and the club behind New Zealand's America's Cup campaigns under Russell Coutts, born March 1 1962 in Wellington New Zealand is a competitive sailor who is considered by many to be the best match racer in the world NZL-32 or Black Magic, an International Americas Cup Class yacht that won the 1995 America's Cup. Black Magic then easily defeated Dennis Connor’s Stars & Stripes team 5–0 to win the cup for New Zealand. Stars & Stripes is the name of a series of racing Yachts operated by Dennis Conner to compete in the America's Cup. Although “Stars & Stripes” won the defender selection trials sailing “USA-34” they decided to sail USA-36 to defend the America’s Cup. Stars & Stripes is the name of a series of racing Yachts operated by Dennis Conner to compete in the America's Cup. Sail numbers for the 'new generation' International America's Cup Class (IACC yachts are issued on a sequential numerical basis USA-36 was the yacht campaigned by the Young America team in the defender trials and beaten by USA-34. Sail numbers for the 'new generation' International America's Cup Class (IACC yachts are issued on a sequential numerical basis The 1995 Cup was notable for the televised sinking of oneAustralia during the fourth round robin of the Louis Vuitton challenger selection series. See also America's Cup The Louis Vuitton Cup is one of the most famous and prestigious Luckily no-one was injured during the incident. The Australians advanced to the Louis Vuitton final using their second boat. Team New Zealand won the Louis Vuitton final 5-1 over oneAustralia.

• In March 1997, a person entered the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron’s clubroom and damaged the America’s Cup with a sledgehammer. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar A sledgehammer is a Tool consisting of a large flat head attached to a Lever (or handle The attacker, a recidivist petty criminal, claimed the attack was politically motivated; he was convicted and sent to prison. Recidivism ( IPA: /ɹɪˈsɪdɪvɪzm̩/ From recidive + ism, from Latin recidīvus "recurring" from re- The damage was so severe that it was feared that the cup was irreparable. London’s Garrards silversmiths, who had manufactured the cup in 1848, painstakingly restored the trophy to its original condition over three months, free of charge. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

• At Auckland in 1999–2000, Team New Zealand, led by Peter Blake, and again skippered by Russell Coutts, defeated Challenger Italy’s Prada Challenge from the Yacht Club Punta Ala. The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country Sir Peter James Blake, KBE ( October 1, 1948 &ndash December 6, 2001) was a New Zealand yachtsman who led Luna Rossa Challenge (originally named Prada Challenge) is an Italian sailboat racing syndicate created to compete for the America's Cup in 2000. The Italians had previously beaten the AmericaOne syndicate from the St Francis Yacht Club in the Louis Vuitton Cup Finals. This was the first America’s Cup to be contested without an American challenger or defender.

• In 2003, several strong challengers vied for the cup in Auckland during the challenger selection series. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Notably a number of original members of Team New Zealand including previous helmsman Russell Coutts were key members of the Swiss challenge “Alinghi” sponsored by pharmaceutical billionaire Ernesto Bertarelli. Russell Coutts, born March 1 1962 in Wellington New Zealand is a competitive sailor who is considered by many to be the best match racer in the world Alinghi is a Coined name of the syndicate set up by Ernesto Bertarelli to challenge for the America's Cup. Ernesto Bertarelli (born 22 September 1965) is a Swiss entrepreneur Alinghi advanced surprisingly comfortably through the Louis Vuitton series into the America’s Cup final. See also America's Cup The Louis Vuitton Cup is one of the most famous and prestigious The Alinghi team won the America’s Cup with surprising ease (5-0), multiple gear failures not helping Team New Zealand’s defence.

• In 2003, an extra 20 cm was added to the base of the Americas cup to fit the names of future winners. New Zealand's 2000 success was the first to be added.

• It was announced on November 27, 2003 that Alinghi would defend the America’s Cup in 2007 in Valencia, Spain, the first time since the original 1851 Isle of Wight race that the America’s Cup has been held in Europe. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Challenger selection - Louis Vuitton Cup 2007 See also Louis Vuitton Cup 2007 In preparation for the 2007 America's Cup there were a series of regattas leading Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The deadline to challenge for the 32nd America’s Cup was April 29, 2005, by which time 11 challengers from 9 countries had submitted formal entries. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The challenger selection series, the Louis Vuitton Cup 2007, began in Valencia on April 16, 2007 and concluded on June 6, 2007 after 122 matches. Final The Finals of the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup pitted Luna Rossa Challenge against Emirates Team New Zealand. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Emirates Team New Zealand won the challenger series 5-0 against Italians Luna Rossa and met Alinghi between June 23 and July 3, 2007. Yachting Team New Zealand (TNZ is an America's Cup sailing team which is based in Auckland and represents New Zealand. Alinghi is a Coined name of the syndicate set up by Ernesto Bertarelli to challenge for the America's Cup. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Alinghi successfully defended the America's Cup on July 3, 2007 by beating Emirates Team New Zealand 5-2. Yachting Team New Zealand (TNZ is an America's Cup sailing team which is based in Auckland and represents New Zealand. The racing was much closer than the scoreline suggests including a 1 second winning margin by Alinghi in the seventh and final race. Alinghi is a Coined name of the syndicate set up by Ernesto Bertarelli to challenge for the America's Cup.

The 33rd America's Cup

The protocols for the 33rd America's Cup were released on July 5, 2007. If the July 29 2008 court decision stands the 33rd America's Cup will occur sometime after May 29 2009

The Golden Gate Yacht Club (GGYC), on behalf of BMW Oracle Racing, lodged a complaint against the Société Nautique de Genève (SNG) in the New York Supreme Court pleading violations of the Deed of Gift. BMW Oracle Racing is an American sailboat racing syndicate initially formed to compete in the 2003 America’s Cup under the name Oracle. The Société Nautique de Genève is a Yacht club based in Geneva ( Switzerland) The Supreme Court of the State of New York is New York State 's Trial court, and is of General jurisdiction. The Deed of Gift is the primary instrument that governs the rules to make a valid challenge for the America’s Cup and the rules of conduct of the races The deed specifies the New York Supreme Court is the arbiter of last resort in the event of a dispute. The suit alleged that the Spanish club, Club Náutico Español de Vela, did not meet the terms of the Deed of Gift as a legitimate yacht club that would qualify to be the Challenger of Record^[2]. This complaint was upheld by the court in late November 2007, confirming GGYC as the Challenger of Record and leading to the expectation of a "Deed of Gift Challenge" during 2008.

SNG subsequently filed a motion to renew and reargue, and on 2008-03-17 Justice Cahn denied SNG's motion and entered a final order^[3] declaring CNEV’s challenge invalid and Golden Gate Yacht Club (GGYC) the Challenger of Record. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger

SNG appealed the final order to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, First Department in Manhattan and televised oral arguments will be heard on June 5, 2008.

On March 7, 2008 Emirates Team New Zealand (ETNZ) filed two lawsuits against Alinghi, ACM Management and Societe Nautique de Geneve before US courts asking for financial compensation due to delay of 33rd America's Cup regattas. Yachting Team New Zealand (TNZ is an America's Cup sailing team which is based in Auckland and represents New Zealand. The Société Nautique de Genève is a Yacht club based in Geneva ( Switzerland)

America’s Cup challengers and defenders

Year	Host City	Defending Club	Defender	Result	Challenger
tba Details	tba	Société Nautique de Genève	Alinghi		The challenge for the 33rd edition of the America's Cup is currently the subject of a legal dispute. If the July 29 2008 court decision stands the 33rd America's Cup will occur sometime after May 29 2009 The Société Nautique de Genève is a Yacht club based in Geneva ( Switzerland) Alinghi is a Coined name of the syndicate set up by Ernesto Bertarelli to challenge for the America's Cup. If the July 29 2008 court decision stands the 33rd America's Cup will occur sometime after May 29 2009 Hence the date and location of the next event and the challenger are currently unknown.
2007	Valencia, Spain	Société Nautique de Genève	Alinghi, SUI-100  Switzerland	5-2	Team New Zealand, NZL-92  New Zealand
2003	Auckland	Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron	Team New Zealand  New Zealand	0-5	Alinghi  Switzerland
2000	Auckland	Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron	Team New Zealand  New Zealand	5-0	Prada Challenge  Italy
1995	San Diego	San Diego Yacht Club	Young America  United States	0-5	Black Magic  New Zealand
1992	San Diego	San Diego Yacht Club	America³  United States	4-1	Il Moro di Venezia  Italy
1988	San Diego	San Diego Yacht Club	Stars & Stripes  United States	2-0	New Zealand Challenge  New Zealand
1987	Fremantle	Royal Perth Yacht Club	Kookaburra III  Australia	0-4	Stars & Stripes  United States
1983	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Liberty  United States	3-4	Australia II  Australia
1980	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Freedom  United States	4-1	Australia  Australia
1977	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Courageous  United States	4-0	Australia  Australia
1974	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Courageous  United States	4-0	Southern Cross  Australia
1970	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Intrepid  United States	4-1	Gretel II  Australia
1967	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Intrepid  United States	4-0	Dame Pattie  Australia
1964	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Constellation  United States	4-0	Sovereign  England
1962	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Weatherly  United States	4-1	Gretel  Australia
1958	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Columbia  United States	4-0	Sceptre  England
1937	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Ranger  United States	4-0	Endeavour IIl  England
1934	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Rainbow  United States	4-2	Endeavour  England
1930	Newport, Rhode Island	New York Yacht Club	Enterprise  United States	4-0	Shamrock V  Northern Ireland
1920	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Resolute  United States	3-2	Shamrock IV  Ireland
1903	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Reliance  United States	3-0	Shamrock III  Ireland
1901	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Columbia  United States	3-0	Shamrock II  Ireland
1899	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Columbia  United States	3-0	Shamrock  Ireland
1895	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Defender  United States	3-0	Valkyrie III  England
1893	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Vigilant  United States	3-0	Valkyrie II  England
1887	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Volunteer  United States	2-0	Thistle  Scotland
1886	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Mayflower  United States	2-0	Galatea  England
1885	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Puritan  United States	2-0	Genesta  England
1881	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Mischief  United States	2-0	Atalanta  Canada
1876	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Madeleine  United States	2-0	Countess of Dufferin  Canada
1871	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Columbia  United States	4-1	Livonia  England
1870	New York City	New York Yacht Club	Magic  United States	1-0	Cambria  England
1851	Isle of Wight	Royal Yacht Squadron	America  United States	1-0	Aurora  England

The defending club only lost its title five times (1851, 1983, 1987, 1995, 2003). Challenger selection - Louis Vuitton Cup 2007 See also Louis Vuitton Cup 2007 In preparation for the 2007 America's Cup there were a series of regattas leading Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Société Nautique de Genève is a Yacht club based in Geneva ( Switzerland) Alinghi is a Coined name of the syndicate set up by Ernesto Bertarelli to challenge for the America's Cup. Sail numbers for the 'new generation' International America's Cup Class (IACC yachts are issued on a sequential numerical basis Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Yachting Team New Zealand (TNZ is an America's Cup sailing team which is based in Auckland and represents New Zealand. Sail numbers for the 'new generation' International America's Cup Class (IACC yachts are issued on a sequential numerical basis New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The 2002–2003 Louis Vuitton Cup, held in the Hauraki Gulf in Auckland New Zealand saw nine teams from six countries staging 120 races over five months to select a challenger The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country The Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron is New Zealand 's most prestigious Yacht club, and the club behind New Zealand's America's Cup campaigns under Yachting Team New Zealand (TNZ is an America's Cup sailing team which is based in Auckland and represents New Zealand. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Alinghi is a Coined name of the syndicate set up by Ernesto Bertarelli to challenge for the America's Cup. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country Yachting Team New Zealand (TNZ is an America's Cup sailing team which is based in Auckland and represents New Zealand. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Luna Rossa Challenge (originally named Prada Challenge) is an Italian sailboat racing syndicate created to compete for the America's Cup in 2000. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Jr Sailing Program San Diego Yacht Club boasts one of the largest and oldest junior sailing programs in the country The United States of America —commonly referred to as the NZL-32 or Black Magic, an International Americas Cup Class yacht that won the 1995 America's Cup. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Il Moro di Venezia was the Italian America's Cup Contender in 1992 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Stars & Stripes is the name of a series of racing Yachts operated by Dennis Conner to compete in the America's Cup. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Kiwi Magic-KZ7 (also known as " New Zealand " was New Zealand 's first America's Cup Challenger during the summer of 1986/1987 in New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Background The 1983 America's Cup off Newport Rhode Island was arguably one of the most significant in the history of the Cup Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of Club flag At a general meeting in 1891 the old blue PYC burgee was replaced with a triangular St George's Cross with a St Edward's crown in the upper For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Stars & Stripes is the name of a series of racing Yachts operated by Dennis Conner to compete in the America's Cup. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the See also America's Cup The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first successful challenge to the New York Yacht Club 's 132-year defence of a Sailing Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence Clubhouses In 1845 the club’s first clubhouse was established -- a modest Gothic-revival building in Hoboken New Jersey, on land donated by Commodore The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Australia II is a 12-metre class Yacht, and the first successful challenger for the America's Cup after 132 years For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The 12-metre class Yacht Freedom (12 meter US-30 won the America's Cup in 1980, defeating the challenging yacht Australia The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence Courageous is a 12-metre class yacht It was the third boat to win the America's Cup twice in 1974 and 1977 after Intrepid in 1967 and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence Courageous is a 12-metre class yacht It was the third boat to win the America's Cup twice in 1974 and 1977 after Intrepid in 1967 and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The Intrepid is a 12-metre class Yacht which won the America's Cup in 1967 and again in 1970 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The Intrepid is a 12-metre class Yacht which won the America's Cup in 1967 and again in 1970 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Dame Pattie is an International 12-metre class racing yacht built for the America's Cup challenge series in 1967 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The J-class yacht Ranger won the 1937 America's Cup, defeating 4-0 the Endeavour II of Britain, raced at Newport The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The City of New York Reliance was the 1903 America's Cup defender the fourth America's Cup defender from the famous designer Nat Herreshoff, and reportedly the largest The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The City of New York Columbia was the defender of the tenth America's Cup race in 1899 against British challenger ''Shamrock'' as well as the defender of the eleventh The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The City of New York Columbia was the defender of the tenth America's Cup race in 1899 against British challenger ''Shamrock'' as well as the defender of the eleventh The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Shamrock was the unsuccessful Irish challenger for the 10th America's Cup in 1899 against the United States defender ''Columbia''. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The City of New York Defender was the 1895 America's Cup defender Design Defender was designed by Nathanael Greene Herreshoff and built by the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the "Valkyrie III" was the unsuccessful British challenger of the ninth America's Cup race in 1895 against American defender " Defender " England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The City of New York Vigilant was the victorious United States defender of the eighth America's Cup in 1893 against British challenger Valkyrie II. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Valkyrie II was the unsuccessful British challenger of the eighth America's Cup race in 1893 against American defender " Vigilant " England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The City of New York "Volunteer" was the victorious American defender of the seventh America's Cup race in 1887 against Scottish challenger " Thistle " The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Thistle was the unsuccessful Scottish challenger of the seventh America's Cup in 1887 against American defender Volunteer. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The City of New York Mayflower was the victorious US defender of the sixth America's Cup in 1886 against English challenger Galatea. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the "Galatea" was the unsuccessful British challenger of the sixth America's Cup race in 1886 against American defender " Mayflower " England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The City of New York Puritan was the 1885 America's Cup defender Design She was built at the George Lawley & Son yard in Boston Massachusetts and launched The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Genesta was the unsuccessful English challenger in the fifth America's Cup in 1885 against the American defender Puritan. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The City of New York "Mischief" was the victorious American defender of the fourth America's Cup race in 1881 against Canadian challenger "Atalanta" The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The City of New York Columbia was the successful defender of the second America's Cup race in 1871 against English challenger ''Livonia''. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the History Founded on the 1st of June 1815 in the Thatched House Tavern in St James’s London as The Yacht Designer The America was designed by George Steers a revolutionary designer who began the practice of giving ships a knife-like bow widening Aft The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland See also America's Cup The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first successful challenge to the New York Yacht Club 's 132-year defence of a Sailing Background The 1983 America's Cup off Newport Rhode Island was arguably one of the most significant in the history of the Cup The 2002–2003 Louis Vuitton Cup, held in the Hauraki Gulf in Auckland New Zealand saw nine teams from six countries staging 120 races over five months to select a challenger

Most wins by country

Club Nationality	Wins	Losses
United States	28	2
New Zealand	2	3
Switzerland	2	0
Australia	1	7
England	0	11
Ireland	0	4
Canada	0	2
Italy	0	2
Scotland	0	1
Northern Ireland	0	1

America’s Cup in the media

The America’s Cup series of races, particularly Dennis Conner’s quest to regain the Cup after losing it to Australia and winning it back in the subsequent series, was used as the inspiration for the 1992 film Wind starring Matthew Modine and Jennifer Grey. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Wind is a Film released in 1992 The movie was directed by Carroll Ballard and starred Matthew Modine, Jennifer Grey, and Matthew Avery Modine (born March 22, 1959) is an American Actor, perhaps most famous for playing Private Joker in Stanley Kubrick's Jennifer Grey (born March 26, 1960) is a Golden Globe nominated American actress, best known for playing Frances "Baby"

Traditionally, commercial airships or blimps built by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, of Akron, Ohio, USA, have been named after former America’s Cup winning boats. The Goodyear Blimp is the collective name for a fleet of blimps operated by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company for Advertising purposes and for use as a The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company was founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling. Akron is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Summit County. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Paul W. Litchfield, an early chairman of Goodyear, envisioned airships as “the aerial yachts of the wealthy” and began the tradition of naming blimps after A. C. boats, in 1925, with the christening of the Pilgrim. The tradition continued with Goodyear blimps named Stars & Stripes, Columbia, Ranger, Rainbow, Enterprise, Resolute, Reliance, Defender, Vigilant, Volunteer, Mayflower, Puritan and America.

See also

• America's Cup Hall of Fame
• Louis Vuitton Cup
• Citizen Cup awarded in the defenders series for the America's Cup - not raced for since 1995
• 2007 America's Cup
• Little Americas Cup
• “New” Little Americas Cup

References

External links

• Official website
• America´s Cup Historic Locations google maps
• Herreshoff Marine Museum / America’s Cup Hall of Fame
• 1890s Yacht Photography of J.S. Johnston
• CupInfo.com Features on America's Cup History
• America’s Cup High Definition Wind Modeling By ClearPoint Weather