| Ambrose Bierce | |
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 Ambrose Bierce, ca. 1866 |
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| Born | June 24, 1842 Meigs County, Ohio, USA |
| Died | 1914(?) Chihuahua, Mexico |
| Occupation | Journalist, Writer |
| Genres | Satire |
| Literary movement | Realism |
| Notable work(s) | An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, The Devil's Dictionary |
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Influences
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Influenced
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Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (June 24, 1842 – 1914(?)) was an American editorialist, journalist, short-story writer and satirist. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Meigs County is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Literary realism most often refers to the trend beginning with certain works of nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century For the Twilight Zone episode of the same name see An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (film. The Devil's Dictionary, by Ambrose Bierce, is a satirical book published in 1911 Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, William March (born William Edward Campbell September 18 1893 – May 15 1954 was an American World War I veteran short-story writer and novelist cited Julio Cortázar, born Jules Florencio Cortázar ( August 26, 1914 &ndash February 12, 1984) was an Argentine Author Stephen Crane (November 1 1871 &ndash June 5 1900 was an American novelist short story writer poet and journalist Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Today, he is best known for his short stories, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and The Devil's Dictionary. For the Twilight Zone episode of the same name see An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (film. The Devil's Dictionary, by Ambrose Bierce, is a satirical book published in 1911
The sardonic view of human nature that informed his work – along with his vehemence as a critic – earned him the nickname, "Bitter Bierce. The word critic comes from the Greek el κριτικός ( el-Latn kritikós) "able to discern" which in turn derives from the word A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. " Despite his reputation as a searing critic, however, Bierce was known to encourage younger writers, including the poet, George Sterling and the fiction writer, W. C. Morrow. George Sterling ( 1 December 1869 - 17 November 1926) was an American Poet based in California who during his William Chambers Morrow (born 7 July 1854, Selma Alabama; died 1923 was an American writer now noted mainly for his short stories
In 1913, Bierce traveled to Mexico to gain a firsthand perspective on that country's ongoing revolution. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana was a major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I While traveling with rebel troops, the elderly writer disappeared without a trace.
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Early life and military career
Bierce was born in rural Meigs County, Ohio, and grew up in Kosciusko County, Indiana, attending high school at the county seat of Warsaw. Meigs County is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. Kosciusko County is a County located in the US state of Indiana. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Warsaw is a city in Indiana and the County seat of Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States He was the tenth of 13 children, whose father, Marcus Aurelius Bierce (1799–1876), gave all of them names beginning with the letter "A". In order of birth, the Bierce siblings were Abigail, Amelia, Ann, Addison, Aurelius, Augustus, Almeda, Andrew, Albert, Ambrose, Arthur, Adelia, and Aurelia. His mother, née Laura Sherwood, was a descendant of William Bradford. William Bradford ( March 19, 1590 – May 9, 1657) was a leader of the separatist settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts
At the outset of the American Civil War, Bierce enlisted in the Union Army's 9th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. The 9th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In February 1862 he was commissioned first lieutenant, and served on the staff of General William Babcock Hazen as a topographical engineer, making maps of likely battlefields. First Lieutenant is a Military rank. The rank of Lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations (see Comparative military ranks William Babcock Hazen ( September 27, 1830 &ndash January 16, 1887) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Bierce fought at the Battle of Shiloh (April 1862), a terrifying experience that became a source for several later short stories and the memoir, What I Saw of Shiloh. Background and opposing forces After the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862 Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston withdrew for other uses see Memoir (disambiguation As a literary Genre, a memoir (from the French: mémoire
He continued fighting in the Western theater, at one point receiving newspaper attention for his daring rescue, under fire, of a gravely wounded comrade at the Battle of Rich Mountain, West Virginia. Photo gallery West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by In June 1864, he sustained a serious head wound at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, and spent the rest of the summer on furlough, returning to active duty in September. Traumatic brain injury. THIS PAGE IS FOR INFORMATION ON HEAD INJURY (NOT SPECIFICALLY THE BRAIN--> Head injury is The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was fought on June 27, 1864, during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. ˈfɝloʊ}} is a temporary leave of absence especially from duty in the [[armed services]] or from a [[prison]] term He was discharged from the army in January 1865. His military career resumed, however, when in the summer of 1866 he rejoined General Hazen as part of the latter's expedition to inspect military outposts across the Great Plains. The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada The expedition proceeded by horseback and wagon from Omaha, Nebraska, arriving toward year's end in San Francisco, California. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city
Personal life
Bierce married Mary Ellen ("Mollie") Day on Christmas Day, 1871. They had three children; two sons, Day (1872–1889) and Leigh (1874–1901), and a daughter, Helen (1875–1940). Both of Bierce's sons predeceased him: Day was shot in a brawl over a woman, and Leigh died of pneumonia related to alcoholism. Bierce separated from his wife in 1888 after discovering compromising letters to her from an admirer, and the couple finally divorced in 1904. Mollie Day Bierce died the following year.
Ambrose Bierce suffered from lifetime asthma as well as complications arising from his war wounds. For health reasons, he traveled to London, where he befriended a number of notable literary personalities. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. .
Journalism
In San Francisco, Bierce received the rank of brevet major before resigning from the Army. In the UK and US military brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a Commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily but usually without receiving Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country He remained in San Francisco for many years, eventually becoming famous as a contributor and/or editor for a number of local newspapers and periodicals, including The San Francisco News Letter, The Argonaut, the Overland Monthly, The Californian and The Wasp. This article is about the nineteenth century magazine For the nineteenth century newspaper published in Nauvoo Illinois see The Wasp (newspaper.
Bierce lived and wrote in England from 1872 to 1875, contributing to Fun magazine. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Fun was a Victorian weekly Magazine, first published on September 21 1861. Returning to the United States, he again took up residence in San Francisco. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city From 1879 to 1880, he travelled to Rockerville and Deadwood, South Dakota in the Dakota Territory, to try his hand as local manager for a New York mining company, but when the company failed he returned to San Francisco and resumed his career in journalism. Rockerville is a small unincorporated community in Pennington County in the Black Hills of the U Deadwood, named for the dead trees found in its Gulch, is a city in and the County seat of Lawrence County, South Dakota, Dakota Territory was the name of an organized territory of the United States that existed from 1861 to 1889 New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people
In 1887, he published a column called The Prattle and became one of the first regular columnists and editorialists to be employed on William Randolph Hearst's newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, eventually becoming one of the most prominent and influential among the writers and journalists of the West Coast. For other people named William Randolph Hearst see William Randolph Hearst (disambiguation William Randolph Hearst I (April 29 1863 &ndash The San Francisco Examiner is a US daily Newspaper. It has been published continuously in San Francisco, California, since The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States He remained associated with Hearst Newspapers until 1906. Hearst Communications Inc is a privately-held American -based Media conglomerate based in the Hearst Tower in New York City, USA
Railroad Refinancing Bill
The Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroad companies had received massive loans from the U. The Central Pacific Railroad was the California-to-Utah portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in North America S. government to build the First Transcontinental Railroad—on gentle terms, but Collis P. Huntington persuaded a friendly member of Congress to introduce a bill excusing the companies from repaying the money, amounting to $130 million (nearly 3 billion dollars in 2007 money). This article refers to a railroad built in the United States between Omaha and Sacramento completed in 1869 Collis Potter Huntington ( April 16 or October 22 1821 – August 13 1900) was one of The Big Four of western railroading (along with The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses
In January 1896 Hearst dispatched Bierce to Washington, D.C. to foil this attempt. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The essence of the plot was secrecy; the railroads' advocates hoped to get the bill through Congress without any public notice or hearings. When the angered Huntington confronted Bierce on the steps of the Capitol and told Bierce to name his price, Bierce's answer ended up in newspapers nationwide: "My price is one hundred thirty million dollars. If, when you are ready to pay, I happen to be out of town, you may hand it over to my friend, the Treasurer of the United States". Bierce's coverage and diatribes on the subject aroused such public wrath that the bill was defeated. Bierce returned to California in November.
McKinley accusation
Because of his penchant for biting social criticism and satire, Bierce's long newspaper career was often steeped in controversy. On several occasions his columns stirred up a storm of hostile reaction which created difficulties for Hearst. One of the most notable of these incidents occurred following the assassination of President William McKinley when Hearst's opponents turned a poem Bierce had written about the assassination of Governor Goebel in 1900 into a cause célèbre. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last William J Goebel (January 4 1856 – February 3 1900 was an American politician who served as Governor of Kentucky for a few days in 1900 after having been mortally A cause célèbre (plural causes célèbres, French famous case) is
Bierce meant his poem, written on the occasion of the assassination of Governor William Goebel of Kentucky, to express a national mood of dismay and fear, but after McKinley was shot in 1901 it seemed to foreshadow the crime:
- "The bullet that pierced Goebel's breast
- Can not be found in all the West;
- Good reason, it is speeding here
- To stretch McKinley on his bier. William J Goebel (January 4 1856 – February 3 1900 was an American politician who served as Governor of Kentucky for a few days in 1900 after having been mortally The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. "
Hearst was thereby accused by rival newspapers—and by then Secretary of State Elihu Root—of having called for McKinley's assassination. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Elihu Root ( February 15, 1845 &ndash February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman and the 1912 recipient of the Despite a national uproar that ended his ambitions for the presidency (and even his membership in the Bohemian Club), Hearst neither revealed Bierce as the author of the poem, nor fired him. The Bohemian Club is a prominent private club in San Francisco, California, USA.
Literary works
His short stories are held among the best of the 19th century, providing a popular following based on his roots. He wrote realistically of the terrible things he had seen in the war in such stories as "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge", "Killed at Resaca", and "Chickamauga". Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South For the Twilight Zone episode of the same name see An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (film.
Bierce was considered a master of "Pure" English by his contemporaries, and virtually everything that came from his pen was notable for its judicious wording and economy of style. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States He wrote in a variety of literary genres.
In addition to his ghost and war stories, he also published several volumes of poetry and verse. His Fantastic Fables anticipated the ironic style of grotesquerie that turned into a genre in the 20th century.
One of Bierce's most famous works is his much-quoted book, The Devil's Dictionary, originally an occasional newspaper item which was first published in book form in 1906 as The Cynic's Word Book. The Devil's Dictionary, by Ambrose Bierce, is a satirical book published in 1911 It consists of satirical definitions of English words which lampoon cant and political double-talk. Cant is an example of an Argot or cryptolect a characteristic or secret language used only by members of a group often used to conceal the meaning from those outside the group
Under the entry "leonine", meaning a single line of poetry with an internal rhyming scheme, he included an apocryphal couplet written by the apocryphal Bella Peeler Silcox (Ella Wheeler Wilcox) in which an internal rhyme is achieved in both lines only by mispronouncing the rhyming words:
The electric light invades the dunnest deep of Hades. Ella Wheeler Wilcox ( November 5, 1850 &ndash October 30, 1919) was an American author and poet. " Electric Light " is a song by Infernal, scheduled to be their next single after " Whenever You Need Me " off their album Electric Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient
Cries Pluto, 'twixt his snores: "O tempora! O mores!"
Bierce's twelve-volume Collected Works were published in 1909, the seventh volume of which consists solely of The Devil's Dictionary, the title Bierce himself preferred to The Cynic's Word Book. The Catiline Orations or Catilinarian Orations were speeches given in 63 BC by Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Consul The Devil's Dictionary, by Ambrose Bierce, is a satirical book published in 1911
Disappearance
In October 1913, the septuagenarian Bierce departed Washington, D.C., for a tour of his old Civil War battlefields. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South By December he had proceeded on through Louisiana and Texas, crossing by way of El Paso into Mexico, which was in the throes of revolution. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. In Ciudad Juárez he joined Pancho Villa's army as an observer, and in that role participated in the battle of Tierra Blanca. Ciudad Juárez, also known as just Juárez, is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua formerly known as El Paso del Norte. Doroteo Arango Arámbula ( June 5 1878 &ndash July 20 1923) better known as Francisco or " Pancho " Villa The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana was a major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I
Bierce is known to have accompanied Villa's army as far as the city of Chihuahua. Chihuahua is the name of both a state in Mexico and that state's capital city After a last letter to a close friend, sent from there December 26, 1913, he vanished without a trace, becoming one of the most famous disappearances in American literary history. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Several writers have speculated that he headed north to the Grand Canyon, found a remote spot there and shot himself, though no evidence exists to support this view. All investigations into his fate have proved fruitless, and despite an abundance of theories his end remains shrouded in mystery. The date of his death is generally cited as "1914?".
In one of his last letters, Bierce wrote the following to his niece, Lora:
- "Good-bye — if you hear of my being stood up against a Mexican stone wall and shot to rags please know that I think that a pretty good way to depart this life. It beats old age, disease, or falling down the cellar stairs. To be a Gringo in Mexico—ah, that is euthanasia!"
Legacy and influence
At least three films have been made of Bierce's story, "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge". Gringo (feminine gringa) is a Spanish and Portuguese word used in Latin America to denote foreign non-native A silent film version was made in the 1920s. A French version called La Rivière du Hibou, directed by Robert Enrico, was released in 1962. Robert Georgio Enrico ( April 13, 1931 - February 23, 2001) was a French Film director and scriptwriter This black-and-white film faithfully recounts the original narrative using voice-over. Another version, directed by Brian James Egan, was released in 2005. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
The 1962 film was also used for an episode of the television series The Twilight Zone: "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge". A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U The Twilight Zone is an American Television series created by Rod Serling. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge ( La Rivière du hibou) is a 1962 French Short film based on the short story of the same name by A copy of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" appeared in the ABC television series Lost ("The Long Con", airdate February 8, 2006). The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American serial drama television series. The second season of the American serial Drama television series Lost commenced airing in the United States Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Prior to The Twilight Zone, the story had been adapted as an episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an Anthology Television series hosted by Alfred Hitchcock.
The Robert Heinlein story Lost Legacy presents Bierce as a very old and kindly man living with a group of psychic adepts hiding on Mount Shasta. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Lost Legacy ( 1941) is a novella by Robert A Heinlein. It tells of the rediscovery of psychic powers by a trio from a California university (a woman student Mount Shasta ( Úytaahkoo, Karuk) or the "White Mountain" in English a 14179-foot (4322 m Stratovolcano, is the second-highest peak in the Seeing that the First World War was coming he decided to withdraw from the human race. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes wrote Gringo Viejo (The Old Gringo), a fictionalized account of Bierce's disappearance. Carlos Fuentes Macías (born March 11,1928 is a Mexican writer and one of the best-known living novelists and essayists in the Spanish -speaking world Fuentes' novel was later adapted as Old Gringo, a film starring Gregory Peck in the title role. Old Gringo is a 1989 film directed by Luis Puenzo and co-written with Aída Bortnik, based on the novel Gringo Viejo by Gregory Peck (April 5 1916 &ndash June 12 2003 was an Academy Award -winning and four-time Golden Globe Award-winning American Film [1]
Bibliography
Books
- The Fiend's Delight (1873)
- Cobwebs from an Empty Skull (1874)
- The Dance of Death (with Thomas A. Harcourt and William Rulofson, as William Herman) (1877)
- Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (also known as In the Midst of Life) (1891)
- Black Beetles in Amber (1892)
- The Monk and the Hangman's Daughter (1892)
- Can Such Things Be? (1893)
- Fantastic Fables (1899)
- The shadow on the dial, and other essays (1909)
- The Devil's Dictionary (1911) (first published in book form as The Cynic's Wordbook, 1906)
- Collected Works (1909)
- Write It Right (1909)
- A Horseman in the Sky, A Watcher by the Dead, The Man and the Snake (1920)??
- A Vision of Doom: Poems by Ambrose Bierce (1980)
Short stories
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- Revenge
See also
- Authors
- Bolesław Prus (career similarities). William Herman Rulofson ( September 27 1826 – November 2 1878) was a Canadian-American Photographer, who with his partner The Devil's Dictionary, by Ambrose Bierce, is a satirical book published in 1911 "A Horseman in the Sky" is a Short story by Ambrose Bierce. A Vision of Doom Poems by Ambrose Bierce is a collection of poems by Ambrose Bierce and edited by Donald Sidney-Fryer. " An Inhabitant of Carcosa " (also printed as part of “ Can Such Things Be? ” in the San Francisco Newsletter of December 25, 1886 For the Twilight Zone episode of the same name see An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (film. " Moxon's Master " is a Short story by the late 19th century American author Ambrose Bierce that speculates on the nature of Life and "A Horseman in the Sky" is a Short story by Ambrose Bierce. An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created Bolesław Prus (pronounced [bɔ'lεswaf 'prus]; Hrubieszów, August 20 1847 &ndash May 19 1912 Warsaw) whose actual name was
- Critic
- Cultural critic
- Commentator
- Short story
- Satire
- List of horror fiction authors
- List of people who have disappeared
- Journalist
- Writer
- List of atheists
References
- ^ Carlos Fuentes, Gringo Viejo (Planeta, 2004) ISBN 9686941673
Sources
- Bleiler, Everett (1948). The word critic comes from the Greek el κριτικός ( el-Latn kritikós) "able to discern" which in turn derives from the word A cultural critic is a Critic of a given Culture, usually as a whole and typically on a radical basis The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human This is a list of some (not all notable Writers in the Horror fiction genre. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Carlos Fuentes Macías (born March 11,1928 is a Mexican writer and one of the best-known living novelists and essayists in the Spanish -speaking world Everett Franklin Bleiler (born 1920 is an editor and bibliographer of Science fiction and Fantasy. The Checklist of Fantastic Literature. Chicago: Shasta Publishers, 32, 147.
- Carey McWilliams, Ambrose Bierce: A Biography, 1929 (reprinted 1967), Archon Books. Carey McWilliams ( 13 December 1905 &ndash 27 June 1980) was an American Author, editor, and Lawyer
- Richard O'Connor, Ambrose Bierce: a Biography, with illustrations, Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1967.
External links
- Poems by Ambrose Bierce at PoetryFoundation.org
- The Ambrose Bierce Site
- The Ambrose Bierce Appreciation Society
- The Ambrose Bierce Project
- Laika Poetry Review article
- Ambrose Bierce Quotes
- "Ambrose Bierce, 'the Old Gringo': Fact, Fiction and Fantasy"
- One of Bierce's last letters
- Biography and quotes of Ambrose Bierce
- Ambrose Bierce
- Works by Ambrose Bierce at Project Gutenberg
- A reading of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" and a discussion of the life and writing of Ambrose Bierce - RealAudio at Wired for Books. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Wired for Books is an online educational project of the WOUB Center for Public Media at Ohio University in Athens Ohio.
- WikiSource material
- Ambrose Bierce Stories
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bierce, Ambrose |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bierce, Ambrose Gwinnett |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | American journalist and writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 24, 1842 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Meigs County, Ohio |
| DATE OF DEATH | after 1913 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Chihuahua, Mexico |
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