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Ambroise Paré.
Ambroise Paré.

Ambroise Paré (born in Bourg-Hersent, near Laval, France, c. Laval is a commune in the Mayenne département of France. It lies on the threshold of Brittany and on the border between This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 1510 – Paris, December 20, 1590) was a French surgeon. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental He was the great official royal surgeon for the kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III and is considered as one of the fathers of surgery. Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Francis II (François II (19 January 1544 &ndash 5 December 1560 King-consort of Scotland (1558&ndash1560 and King of France (1559 &ndash 1560 was born Charles IX (27 June 1550 &ndash 30 May 1574 born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death Henry III of France (Henri III Henryk ( September 19 1551 – August 2, 1589) He was a leader in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially the treatment of wounds. Battlefield medicine, also called field surgery and more recently combat casualty care, is the treatment of wounded Soldiers in or near an area of combat He was also an anatomist and the inventor of several surgical instruments.

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Biography

After his apprenticeship at the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris between 1533 and 1536, Paré soon became a military surgeon during the campaigns in Italy. The Hôtel-Dieu is regarded as the oldest hospital in the city of Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city In this occasion, he discovered a remedy against the pain of the wounded by firearms. A firearm is a Tool that projects either single or multiple Projectiles at high velocity through a controlled explosion Much of Paré's experience with wounds was acquired on the battlefield . In 1545 and 1553, he published the first and second editions of his treatise on the treatment of wounds by firearms and arrows, which is considered as milestone of surgical art. An arrow is a pointed Projectile that is shot with a bow. It predates recorded history and is common to most Cultures. In 1561, Paré published his universal anatomy of the human body. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration Paré also published other scholarly treatises on the treatment of wounds and illnesses.

After a battle Ambroise Paré used egg yolk, oil of roses, and turpentine for war wounds instead of boiling oil. An egg yolk is the part of an egg which serves as the Food source for the developing Embryo inside Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine gum turpentine is a fluid obtained by the Distillation of Resin obtained from trees This was an ancient roman turpentine remedy. The following day, he observed that it was more efficient for healing wounds than the traditional boiling oil. The wounds were also less painful and weren't swollen.

Paré also introduced the ligature of arteries instead of cauterization during amputation. In medicine a ligature is a device similar to a Tourniquet, usually of thread or string tied around a limb blood vessel or similar to restrict blood flow Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. Cauterize redirects here For the band see Cauterize (band Cauterization is a medical term describing the burning of the body to remove Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or Surgery. Although ligatures often spread infection, it still was an important breakthrough in surgical practice. During his work with injured soldiers, Paré documented the pain experienced by amputees which they perceive as sensation in the amputated limb. He believed that phantom pain occurred in the brain and are not the remnants of the limb, which is still the consensus of the medical community today. Phantom pain sensations are described as perceptions that an individual experiences relating to a limb or an organ that is not physically part of the body [1]

Paré was also an important figure in the progress of obstetrics in the middle of the 16th century. Obstetrics (from the Latin obstare, "to stand by" is the surgical speciality dealing with the care of a woman and her offspring during Pregnancy He revived the operation of podalic version and showed how surgeons with this operation could often rescue an infant even in cases of head presentation, instead of breaking it up and extracting the infant piecemeal. Podalic version is an Obstetric procedure wherein the fetus is turned within the womb such that one or both feet present through the Cervix during Childbirth

Paré was ably seconded by his pupil Guillemeau, who translated his work into Latin, and at a later period himself wrote a treatise on midwifery. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Midwifery is a Health care profession where providers give Prenatal care to expecting Mothers attend the birth of the Infant An English translation of it was published in 1612 with the title Child Birth; or, The Happy Deliverie of Women.

In 1552, Paré was accepted into royal service of the Valois Dynasty under Henry II; he was however unable to cure the king's fatal blow to the head, which he received during a tournament in 1559. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 Paré stayed in service of the Kings of France to the end of his life in 1590, serving Henri II, Francis II, Charles IX, and Henri III.

According to Henri IV's Prime Minister, Sully, Paré was a Huguenot and on August 24, 1572,the day of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, Paré's life was saved when King Charles IX locked him in a clothes closet. The St Bartholomew's Day massacre ( Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy in French) was a wave of Roman Catholic Mob violence against the Huguenots While there is evidence that Paré may have been sympathetic to the Huguenot cause, he was twice married, was buried, and had his children baptized into the Catholic faith.

A collection of Paré's works was published at Paris in 1575. They were frequently reprinted, several editions appeared in German and Dutch, and among the English translations was that of Thomas Johnson (1665). Thomas Johnson, Tom Johnson or Tommy Johnson may refer to Public officials Thomas Johnson (Liverpool merchant (1664&ndash1728

Bezoar Stone experiment

In 1565, Ambroise Paré described an experiment to test the properties of the Bezoar Stone. At the time, the Bezoar stone was commonly believed to be able to cure the effects of any poison, but Paré believed this to be impossible. It happened that a cook at Paré's court was caught stealing fine silver cutlery, and was condemned to be hanged. The cook agreed to be poisoned, on the conditions that he would be given some bezoar straight after the poison and go free in case he survived. The stone did not cure him, and he died in agony seven hours after being poisoned. Thus Paré had proved that the Bezoar stone could not cure all poisons.

Paré in popular culture

Vincent Delerm recently named a song "Ambroise Paré" on his 2006 album, Les Piqûres d'araignée. Vincent Delerm (born 31 August 1976 in Évreux) is a French Singer-songwriter, Pianist and composer

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External links

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