Citizendia

Ambient music
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
1970s, UK
Typical instruments
Electronic musical instruments, Electroacoustic music instruments, and any other instruments or sounds (including World instruments) with electronic processing
Mainstream popularity Niche
Derivative forms Ambient house - Ambient techno - New Age - Chillout - Downtempo
Subgenres
Dark ambient - Drone music - Lowercase - Black ambient
Fusion genres
Ambient dub - Illbient - Psybient - Ambient industrial -Ambient house - Space music
Other topics
Ambient music artists - List of electronic music genres - Furniture music

Ambient music is a musical genre in which sound is more important than notes. At the turn of the 20th century classical music was characteristically late Romantic in style while at the same time the Impressionist movement spearheaded by Claude Debussy Minimalist music is an originally American genre of experimental or Downtown music named in the 1960s based mostly in consonant harmony, steady Krautrock is a generic name for the Experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s especially in Britain Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural Space rock is a subgenre of Rock music; the term originally referred to a group of early mostly British 1970s Progressive rock and psychedelic The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located An electronic musical instrument is a Musical instrument that produces its sounds using Electronics. Electroacoustic music includes several different sonic and Musical genres or musical techniques A folk instrument is an instrument that developed among common people and usually doesn't have a known Inventor. Ambient house, a music genre that first emerged in the late 1980s is a sub-genre of House music, combining elements of Acid house and Ambient music Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes New Age music is peaceful Music of various styles which is intended to create inspiration relaxation and positive feelings often used by listeners for Yoga, Downtempo (or Downbeat) is a laid-back Electronic music style similar to Ambient music, but usually with a beat or groove unlike Nothing is a concept that describes the lack or absence of anything at all Dark ambient is a subgenre of Ambient music that features foreboding ominous or discordant overtones Drone music, also known as drone-based music, drone ambient or ambient drone, dronescape or dronology, and sometimes simply Originally coined by minimal artist Steve Roden, lowercase is an extreme form of ambient minimalism in which very quiet sounds bookend long stretches Dark ambient is a subgenre of Ambient music that features foreboding ominous or discordant overtones Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes Illbient is a term coined by DJ Olive to describe the iconoclastic Music being produced by a community of artists based in the Williamsburg neighborhood Psybient, also known as " Ambient Psy " " Psychedelic Ambient " " Ambient Goa " " Ambient Psytrance " Ambient industrial is a post-industrial music genre that makes use of industrial principles such as use of anti-music, extra-musical elements and shock Ambient house, a music genre that first emerged in the late 1980s is a sub-genre of House music, combining elements of Acid house and Ambient music Space music, also spelled spacemusic, is an umbrella term used to describe music that evokes a feeling of contemplative spaciousness This is a list of Ambient music artists. This includes artists who have either been very important to the genre or have had a considerable amount of exposure (such as in the This is a list of Electronic music genres sub-genres and styles though for the latter not all possess their own article (in which case see the main genre article Furniture music, or in French musique d’ameublement (sometimes more literally translated as furnishing music is Background A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other [1] It is generally identifiable as being broadly atmospheric[2] and environmental[3] in nature.

Ambient music evolved from early 20th century forms of semi-audible music, from the impressionism of Erik Satie, through musique concrete and the minimalism of Terry Riley and Philip Glass, and Brian Eno's deliberate sub-audible approach. The impressionist movement in music was a movement in European Classical music, mainly in France that began in the late nineteenth century and continued into the middle Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design especially Visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental features Terry Riley (born June 24 1935) is an American composer associated with the minimalist school WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Philip Glass (born January 31 Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer

Later developments found the dreamy non-linear elements of ambient music applied to some forms of rhythmic music presented in chill-out rooms at raves and other dance events, but always with the primary feature that the music is intended to drift in and out of the listener's awareness while creating its effect on the listener's consciousness. A rave (or rave party) is a term in use since the 1980s to describe Dance Parties (often all-night events [4]

Contents

History

Turn of the century French composer Erik Satie created an early form of ambient music that he referred to as "furniture music" (Musique d'ameublement), in reference to something that could be played during a dinner whose sound would simply create an atmosphere for that activity rather than be the specific focus of attention. Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and Furniture music, or in French musique d’ameublement (sometimes more literally translated as furnishing music is Background [5]

Early electronic soundscape music and theories come from the work of Pierre Schaeffer, considered as the inventor of "Musique Concrete", who followed the futurists in classifying music into categories such as man made, natural, short and long. A soundscape is a Sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment. Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer ( August 14, 1910 &ndash August 19, 1995) was a French Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural He made some of the first electronic music using record players and natural sounds, and cutting up tape, making the first experimental music use of recording and magnetic tape. Even his work can be seen as preempted by Schopenhauer's ideas of 'soundworlds', literally worlds made up entirely of sounds. Karlheinz Stockhausen created pioneering electronic musical experiments later in 1955, and these two (amongst others) lay the groundwork for ambient music to appear decades later when music technology had developed.

Brian Eno is generally credited with coining the term "ambient music" in the mid-1970s to refer to music that, as he stated, can be either "actively listened to with attention or as easily ignored, depending on the choice of the listener", and that exists on the "cusp between melody and texture. Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer "[5] Eno, who describes himself as a "non-musician", termed his experiments in sound as "treatments" rather than as traditional performances. Eno used the word "ambient" to describe music that creates an atmosphere that puts the listener into a different state of mind; having chosen the word based on the Latin term "ambire", "to surround". [6]

The liner notes of Eno's 1978 release Ambient 1: Music for Airports includes a manifesto describing his philosophy of ambient music:

"Ambient Music must be able to accommodate many levels of listening attention without enforcing one in particular; it must be as ignorable as it is interesting. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Ambient 1 Music for Airports (1978 is an Ambient music album by Brian Eno. "Brian Eno, Music for Airports liner notes, September 1978

Eno has acknowledged the influence of Erik Satie and John Cage, in particular Cage's use of chance such as throwing the I Ching to direct a musical composition; and minimalist music in general. Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr The I Ching ( Wade-Giles) or “Yì Jīng” ( Pinyin) also called “Classic of Changes” or “Book of Changes” is one of the oldest of the Minimalist music is an originally American genre of experimental or Downtown music named in the 1960s based mostly in consonant harmony, steady This influence was manifested in Oblique Strategies, a set of cards devised by Eno and Peter Schmidt and intended to direct the musician or artist when a dilemma occurred in a working situation. Eno used the term "ambient music" to distance his work from elevator music and Muzak. Eno also acknowledged influences of the mood music of Miles Davis and Teo Macero, especially their 1974 epic piece, "He Loved Him Madly", about which Eno wrote, "that piece seemed to have the 'spacious' quality that I was after. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Teo Macero ( October 30 1925 &ndash February 19 2008) born Attilio Joseph Macero, was an American Jazz . . it became a touchstone to which I returned frequently. "[6]

Early albums by Pink Floyd (such as Ummagumma and Meddle) and by the "kosmische Musik"-oriented krautrock artists, like Tangerine Dream, Popol Vuh, and Cluster have greatly influenced the genre. Pink Floyd are Ummagumma is a Progressive rock double album by Pink Floyd, released in 1969 Meddle is an Album by English Progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Krautrock is a generic name for the Experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s especially in Britain Tangerine Dream is a German Electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. Popol Vuh was a German Krautrock band founded by pianist and keyboardist Florian Fricke in 1970 together with Holger Trulzsch (percussion and Frank Fiedler Cluster is a German experimental musical group who influenced the development of contemporary popular electronic and Ambient music. Among the first electronic ambient albums were Affenstunde (1970) and In Den Garten Pharaos (1971) by Popol Vuh. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production Popol Vuh was a German Krautrock band founded by pianist and keyboardist Florian Fricke in 1970 together with Holger Trulzsch (percussion and Frank Fiedler Another important album was Sonic Seasonings (1972) by Wendy Carlos. Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14 1939 is an American Composer and electronic Musician. Other early artists such as Klaus Schulze (a former member of Tangerine Dream and Ash Ra Tempel), Jean Michel Jarre, and Kraftwerk in the 1970s and 1980s were influential. Klaus Schulze (born August 4, 1947) is a German Electronic music Composer and musician. Tangerine Dream is a German Electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. Ash Ra Tempel are one of the most notable German Krautrock groups of the 1970s and are a notable example of cosmic or Space rock. Jean-Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948, Lyon) is a French Composer, performer and Music producer. Kraftwerk (ˈkʁaftvɛɐk German for " power plant " or " Power station " is an influential Electronic music band from In the 1970s, some ambient, krautrock, and other musicians who were influenced by new age spirituality created the eclectic genre known as New Age music, selling millions independent from the mainstream music industry by direct order or new age shops. New Age ( New Age Movement and New Age Spirituality) is a Social Collective Phenomenon and a Spiritual Nature New Age music is peaceful Music of various styles which is intended to create inspiration relaxation and positive feelings often used by listeners for Yoga,

Influences on other genres

Beginning in the 1970s, Ambient music influenced some pop bands including New Order, Depeche Mode, Simple Minds and U2. New Order are an English rock group formed in 1980 by Bernard Sumner ( vocals, Guitars Synthesizers, Peter Hook Depeche Mode (dəˌpɛʃˈmoʊd are an English Electronic music band formed in 1980 in Basildon, Essex. Simple Minds are a rock band from Scotland, who had their greatest worldwide popularity from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s Later, electronic dance music and synth pop merged in many artists' works with the dreamy, meandering sound of Eno-style ambient music. Synonyms Since around the mid-1980s electronic dance music has enjoyed popularity in many Nightclubs and as of 2006 is the predominant type of music played in Synthpop is a subgenre of New Wave and Pop music in which the Synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument Under the guise of various styles, this new genre sometimes referred to as ambient house, ambient techno, ambient dub, IDM, ambience, or simply "ambient" in common use, saw the birth of a new wave of artists like The Orb, Aphex Twin, the Irresistible Force, Geir Jenssen's Biosphere, and the Higher Intelligence Agency. Ambient house, a music genre that first emerged in the late 1980s is a sub-genre of House music, combining elements of Acid house and Ambient music Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes Dub is a form of music which evolved from Reggae in the late 1960s Intelligent dance music (commonly IDM) is a genre name invented in the early 1990s by the creators of an American online mailing list The Orb are an English Electronic music group known for popularising Chill out music in the 1990s and spawning the genre of Ambient house. Mixmaster Morris (born in Brighton, England in 1965 is an ambient DJ and underground musician Biosphere is the main recording name of Geir Jenssen (born 1962 a Norwegian musician who has released a notable catalogue of ambient Electronic music Higher Intelligence Agency, often also referred to by its acronym HIA, is the main electronic music project of Birmingham UK based Bobby Bird

Early Warp records artists, (as well as later ones such as Aphex Twin), FSOL Future Sound of London (Lifeforms, ISDN) Autechre, (Incunabula, Amber), Boards of Canada, Massive Attack, Portishead, and The KLF all took a part in popularising and diversifying ambient music. Warp Records is a pioneering independent English Record label, founded in Sheffield in 1989 notable for discovering some of the most enduring artists in The Future Sound of London (often abbreviated to FSOL) are a prolific British Electronic music band comprised of Garry Cobain and Brian Lifeforms is a 1994 double album by experimental electronica group The Future Sound of London. Autechre are an English Electronic music group consisting of Rob Brown and Sean Booth both natives of Rochdale, England. Incunabula, released by Warp Records in 1993 is the debut album by the Electronic music group Autechre, and the seventh album in the Amber (born Marie-Claire Cremers on May 9 1969, Ubbergen) is a Dutch -born and Germany -raised Singer/songwriter Boards of Canada (BoC are a Scottish Electronic music duo consisting of brothers Michael Sandison (born June 1, 1970) and Marcus Eoin Sandison Massive Attack are an English Trip hop group founded in 1988 by Robert Del Naja, Grantley Marshall, and Andrew Vowles in Bristol Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol.

Chillout is generally linked to club culture and is sometimes used as a term which includes ambient music as a subset of itself, though usually chillout music has a beat and is not completely ambient with no rhythm at all. UK techno developed in particular at Warp Records in Sheffield, where previous electronic pioneers such as Cabaret Voltaire and Autechre laid the groundwork for ambient techno to develop, and for Aphex Twin and Boards of Canada to develop later. Warp Records is a pioneering independent English Record label, founded in Sheffield in 1989 notable for discovering some of the most enduring artists in Cabaret Voltaire were a British music group from Sheffield, England. Autechre are an English Electronic music group consisting of Rob Brown and Sean Booth both natives of Rochdale, England. Boards of Canada (BoC are a Scottish Electronic music duo consisting of brothers Michael Sandison (born June 1, 1970) and Marcus Eoin Sandison From this scene developed ambient dub and ambient techno. Intelligent Dance Music is another term synonymous with this scene. Intelligent dance music (commonly IDM) is a genre name invented in the early 1990s by the creators of an American online mailing list Electroacoustic and acousmatic music are 'classical' art music forms that use electronic sound creation instead of or alongside acoustic instruments. Glitch music is a subset of this work. Glitch is a term used to describe a genre of experimental Electronic music that emerged in the mid to late 1990s Some club groups have created live ambient music, mixing dub techniques with ambient textures and dance grooves.

Soundtracks

Ambient music has been used in many television shows and motion pictures and is notable for contributing to their atmosphere, or soundscapes. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U A soundscape is a Sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment. David Lynch's 1984 film Dune, for example, forgoes the epic sci-fi adventure style theme music popularized by Star Wars in favor of a more atmospheric music score by Toto and Brian Eno. David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer This article is about the 1984 film See Frank Herbert's Dune for the 2000 television adaptation An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded Toto was a Grammy Award winning American rock band founded in 1977 by some of the most popular and experienced Session musicians of Electronic musician Paddy Kingsland is noted for the music style he brought to several serials of the television series Doctor Who which had until then relied mostly on stock music cues or minimal music for much of its history. Paddy Kingsland is a composer of Electronic music best known for his incidental music for science fiction series on BBC radio and television whilst working at the Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC.

Related and derivative genres

Ambient dub

Ambient Dub was a phrase first coined by the now defunct Beyond record label in early 1990s in Birmingham, England. Their defining series of albums "Ambient Dub 1, 2, through to 4 inspired many, including sound engineer and producer Bill Laswell, who used the same phrase in his music project Divination, where he collaborates with different musicians on each album (though sometimes the same ones are on more than one of the albums such as Tetsu Inoue and others). Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem Divination (from Latin divinare "to be inspired by a god" related to Divine, Diva and Deus) is the attempt of ascertaining Tetsu Inoue is a well-known producer of Electronic music which could be described as Ambient music with a heavy influence from Minimalist music Laswell also presented Ambient dub and Ambient house music on albums by his collaboration project Axiom Dub, featuring recording artists the Orb, Jah Wobble, Jaki Liebezeit and DJ Spooky. Ambient house, a music genre that first emerged in the late 1980s is a sub-genre of House music, combining elements of Acid house and Ambient music The Orb are an English Electronic music group known for popularising Chill out music in the 1990s and spawning the genre of Ambient house. Jah Wobble (born John Wardle, in Stepney in 1958 is an English Bass guitarist singer Poet and Composer. Jaki Liebezeit (born 26 May 1938, Dresden, Germany) is a Drummer probably best known as a founding member of Can, who has DJ Spooky That Subliminal Kid (born Paul D Miller,1970 is a Washington DC-born electronic and experimental Hip hop musician whose work is often called "

Ambient dub involves the genre melding of dub styles made famous by King Tubby and other Jamaican sound artists with DJ inspired ambient electronica, complete with all the inherent drop-outs, echo, equalization and psychedelic electronic effects. King Tubby (born Osbourne Ruddock, January 28, 1941 – February 6, 1989) was a Jamaican electronics and sound engineer As writer and performer David Toop explains in an early Beyond Records newsletter, "Dub music is like a long echo delay, looping through time. David Toop (born 5 May 1949) is an English Musician and Author, and as of 2001 was visiting Research Fellow in the Media School at London . . turning the rational order of musical sequences into an ocean of sensation. "

Organic ambient music

Organic ambient music is characterised by integration of electronic, electric, and acoustic musical instruments. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production Aside from the usual electronic music influences, organic ambient tends to incorporate influences from world music, especially drone instruments and hand percussion. The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians In music a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or Accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout much Organic ambient is intended to be more harmonious with nature than with the disco. Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Some of the artists in this sub-genre include Robert Rich, Steve Roach, Vidna Obmana, O Yuki Conjugate, Ma Ja Le, Vir Unis, James Johnson, Loren Nerell, and Tuu. Robert Rich is an Ambient musician and Composer based in California, United States. Steve Roach (born 1955 in La Mesa California) is an American Ambient music composer and performer vidnaObmana is the Pseudonym used by Belgian composer and ambient musician Dirk Serries whose music has often been described as isolationist O Yuki Conjugate is an organic ambient musical group formed in Nottingham in 1982 now sometimes based in London. James Johnson may refer to Artists authors and musicians James B Loren Nerell (born 1960 is a composer and performer of ambient American music and Balinese Gamelan. Tuu is an ambient-music group sometimes categorized as new age.

Some works by ambient pioneers such as Brian Eno, Laraaji or Popul Vuh who use a combination of traditional instruments (such as piano or hammered dulcimer or hand percussion, though usually processed through tape loops or other devices) and electronic instruments, would be considered organic ambient music in this sense. Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Laraaji is an American Musician. Born Edward Larry Gordon in 1943 in Philadelphia, he studied violin piano trombone and voice in his early years For other uses see Popol Vuh (disambiguation The Popol Vuh ( K'iche' for "Council Book" or "Book of the Community" In the 70s and 80s Klaus Schulze often recorded string ensembles and performances by solo cellists to go along with his extended Moog synthesizer workouts. Klaus Schulze (born August 4, 1947) is a German Electronic music Composer and musician. The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ The term Moog (ˈmoʊg as in 'vogue' Synthesizer can refer to any number of Analog synthesizers designed by Dr

Nature inspired ambient music

The music is composed from samples and recordings of naturally occurring sounds. Sometimes these samples can be treated to make them more instrument-like. The samples may be arranged in repetitive ways to form a conventional musical structure or may be random and unfocused. Sometimes the sound is mixed with urban or "found" sounds. Examples include much of Biosphere's Substrata, Mira Calix's insect music and Chris Watson's Weather Report. Biosphere is the main recording name of Geir Jenssen (born 1962 a Norwegian musician who has released a notable catalogue of ambient Electronic music Substrata is an ambient music album by Biosphere, released in 1997 by All Saints Records. Mira Calix, real name Chantal Passamonte is an artist signed to Warp Records, specialising in mixing her intimate vocals with jittering beats and experimental electronic textures Chris Watson is a musician and sound recordist specialising in natural history Some overlap occurs between organic ambient and nature inspired ambient. One of the first albums in the genre, Wendy Carlos' Sonic Seasonings, combines sampled and synthesized nature sounds with ambient melodies and drones for a particularly relaxing effect. Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14 1939 is an American Composer and electronic Musician. Sonic Seasonings is the third album by Synthesizer pioneer Wendy Carlos. The album Second Nature by Bill Laswell, Tetsu Inoue, and Atom Heart is an ambient album that uses processed nature sounds, with reverb and echo to create a hypnotic environment. Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem Tetsu Inoue is a well-known producer of Electronic music which could be described as Ambient music with a heavy influence from Minimalist music Uwe Schmidt (aka Atom™ Señor Coconut; born 27 august 1968 in Frankfurt, West Germany) is a German DJ and producer of

Dark ambient

Main article: Dark ambient

Dark ambient is a general term for any kind of ambient music with a "dark" or dissonant feel, but often involves extensive use of digital reverb to create vast sonic spaces for frightening, bottom-heavy sounds such as deep drones, gloomy male chorus, echoing thunder, and distant artillery. Dark ambient is a subgenre of Ambient music that features foreboding ominous or discordant overtones Dark ambient is a subgenre of Ambient music that features foreboding ominous or discordant overtones It has an eerie feel. The Robert Rich/Lustmord collaboration album Stalker epitomizes this sub-genre. Robert Rich may refer to Robert Rich (musician, American ambient musician Dalton Trumbo, American screenwriter and novelist used pen name Lustmord is also a German and Swedish word that means Lust murder. Stalker (1995 is a collaborative album by ambient musicians Robert Rich and B Related styles include ambient industrial and isolationist ambient. (See also List of dark ambient artists)

There are also a few black metal bands, such as Burzum and Beherit, who produce ambient music, be it not always with such a dark atmosphere. The following is a list of notable artists who compose or have composed Dark ambient music Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos shrieked vocals highly distorted guitars played with Tremolo picking, Burzum is the musical project of Varg Vikernes (under the pseudonym "Count Grishnackh" Beherit was a Black metal band from Finland. The band was formed in 1989 by Nuclear Holocausto (Marko Laiho Black Jesus (Arjo Wennström and Sodomatic Slaughter Illbient is another kind of dark ambient music that has more of a beat but still creates the spooky disturbing feelings. Illbient is a term coined by DJ Olive to describe the iconoclastic Music being produced by a community of artists based in the Williamsburg neighborhood

Ambient techno

A rarified, more specific re-orientation of ambient house, ambient techno is usually applied to artists such as B12, early Aphex Twin, the Black Dog, Higher Intelligence Agency, and Biosphere. It distinguished artists who combined the melodic and rhythmic approaches of techno and electro -- use of 808 and 909 drum machines; well-produced, thin-sounding electronics; minor-key melodies and alien-sounding samples and sounds -- with the soaring, layered, aquatic atmospheres of beatless and experimental ambient. Most often associated with labels such as Apollo, GPR, Warp, and Beyond, the terminology morphed into "intelligent techno" after Warp released its Artificial Intelligence series, although the music's stylistic references remained largely unchanged. Intelligent dance music (commonly IDM) is a genre name invented in the early 1990s by the creators of an American online mailing list Artificial Intelligence was a compilation album released on Warp Records on July 9, 1992 (see 1992 in music and subsequently for America

Ambient house

Main article: Ambient house

Ambient house is a musical category founded in the late 1980s that is used to describe acid house featuring ambient music elements and atmospheres. Ambient house, a music genre that first emerged in the late 1980s is a sub-genre of House music, combining elements of Acid house and Ambient music Acid house is a sub-genre of House music that emphasizes a repetitive hypnotic and trance -like style with samples or spoken lines usually used rather than sung lyrics Tracks in the ambient house genre typically feature four-on-the-floor beats, synth pads, and vocal samples integrated in an atmospheric style. "Four to the Floor" is a hit single by the band Starsailor. [7] Ambient house tracks generally lack a diatonic center and feature much atonality along with synthesized chords. In Music theory, a diatonic scale (from the Greek διατονικος, meaning " through tones" also known as the heptatonia prima and Atonality in its broadest sense describes Music that lacks a tonal center, or key.

Ambient industrial

Main article: Ambient industrial

Ambient industrial is a hybrid genre of ambient and industrial music; the term industrial being used in the original experimental sense, rather than in the sense of industrial metal or EBM. Ambient industrial is a post-industrial music genre that makes use of industrial principles such as use of anti-music, extra-musical elements and shock Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. Industrial metal is a Musical genre that draws from Industrial music and heavy metal. Electronic body music ( EBM, also known as aggropop) is a Music genre that combines elements of Industrial music and Electronic A "typical" ambient industrial work (if there is a such thing) might consist of evolving dissonant harmonies of metallic drones and resonances, extreme low frequency rumbles and machine noises, perhaps supplemented by gongs, percussive rhythms, bullroarers, distorted voices and/or anything else the artist might care to sample (often processed to the point where the original sample is no longer recognizable). Entire works may be based on radio telescope recordings, the babbling of newborn babies, or sounds recorded through contact microphones on telegraph wires.

Among the many artists who work in this area are Coil, CTI, Lustmord, Susumu Yokota, Hafler Trio, Nocturnal Emissions, Zoviet France, PGR, Thomas Köner, Controlled Bleeding, and Deutsch Nepal. Lustmord is also a German and Swedish word that means Lust murder. Susumu Yokota (横田進 Yokota Susumu, or ススム・ヨコタ Susumu Yokota) is a prolific Japanese Composer. The Hafler Trio is a conceptual and sound art collaborative between Andrew M Nocturnal Emissions is a Sound art project that has released numerous records and CDs in music styles ranging from Electro-acoustic, Musique concrete Zoviet France (also known as:$OVIETFRANCE, Soviet France,:zoviet-france and latterly usually written as:zoviet*france Thomas Köner (born 1965 in Bochum, Germany) is a multimedia artist whose main interest lies in combining visual and auditory experiences Controlled Bleeding is an experimental band originally formed in Boston around 1978 by Paul Lemos Jack Salerno and Dave Southerland Deutsch Nepal is the solo industrial/dark ambient project of Swede Lina Der Baby Doll General (ex- Njurmännen) It is important to note, however, that many of these artists are very eclectic in their output, with much of it falling outside of ambient industrial per se.

Space music

Main article: Space music

Space music, also spelled spacemusic, includes music from the Ambient genre as well as a broad range of other genres with certain characteristics in common to create the experience of contemplative spaciousness. Space music, also spelled spacemusic, is an umbrella term used to describe music that evokes a feeling of contemplative spaciousness [8][9][10] Space music ranges from simple to complex sonic textures sometimes lacking conventional melodic, rhythmic, or vocal components,[11][12] generally evoking a sense of "continuum of spatial imagery and emotion",[13] beneficial introspection, deep listening[14] and sensations of floating, cruising or flying. [15][16]

Space music is used by individuals for both background enhancement and foreground listening, often with headphones, to stimulate relaxation, contemplation, inspiration and generally peaceful expansive moods[17] and soundscapes. A soundscape is a Sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment. Space music is also a component of many film soundtracks, commonly used in planetariums, and used as a relaxation aid and for meditation. A planetarium is a Theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about Astronomy and the night sky or for training in Celestial navigation A Relaxation technique (also known as Relaxation training) is any method process procedure or activity that helps a person to relax to attain a state of increased calmness Meditation is a mental discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the conditioned "thinking" mind into a deeper state of relaxation or awareness [18]

Hearts of Space is a well-known radio show and affiliated record label, specializing in Space Music since 1984, having released over 150 albums devoted to the music style. Hearts of Space is an American weekly syndicated Public radio show featuring music of a contemplative nature drawn largely from the ambient Notable artists who have brought elements of Ambient music to Space music include Michael Hedges, Michael Stearns, Constance Demby, Jean Michel Jarre, Robert Rich, Steve Roach, Numina, Dweller at the Threshold, Klaus Schulze and Tangerine Dream (as well as the group's founder Edgar Froese). Michael Hedges ( December 31, 1953 &ndash December 2, 1997) was an American acoustic Guitarist born in Sacramento Michael Stearns (born in 1948) is a pioneering American ambient musician but also a film Composer, sound designer and Soundtrack Constance Demby is an American musician and composer Biography Demby's focus has included sculpture Jean-Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948, Lyon) is a French Composer, performer and Music producer. Robert Rich is an Ambient musician and Composer based in California, United States. Steve Roach (born 1955 in La Mesa California) is an American Ambient music composer and performer Dweller at the Threshold (DATT was an Electronic music band based in Portland, Oregon, USA from 1993 to 2005 Klaus Schulze (born August 4, 1947) is a German Electronic music Composer and musician. Tangerine Dream is a German Electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. Edgar Wilmar Froese (born 6 June 1944) is a German Artist and Electronic music pioneer best known for co-founding the electronic

Isolationist ambient music

Isolationist ambient music is also known as "isolationism", differentiated from other forms of ambient music in its use of repetition, dissonance, microtonality, and unresolved harmonies to create a sense of unresolved unease and desolation. [19] The term was popularized in the mid-1990s by the British magazine The Wire and the Ambient 4: Isolationism compilation from Virgin, this began as more or less a synonym for ambient industrial, but also inclusive of certain post-techno streams of ambient, such as Autechre and Aphex Twin. The Wire is a British Avant garde music Magazine, founded in 1982 by jazz promoter Anthony Wood and journalist Chrissie Murray Virgin Records is a British Record label founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, and Nik Powell Autechre are an English Electronic music group consisting of Rob Brown and Sean Booth both natives of Rochdale, England. [1] The Sombient label is now the primary purveyor of isolationist ambient, in particular with the "drones" compilation series. Some of the artists known for this style of ambient music include Robert Fripp and Chuck Hammer Guitarchitecture. Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946 in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England) is a Guitarist, Composer and a Record Chuck Hammer is an American Guitarist and Emmy nominated digital film Composer, known for seminal guitar-synth with Lou Reed, Guitarchitecture: is a term developed by Chuck Hammer in 1977 describing an approach to soundtrack composition employing discrete textured guitar layers

Notable musicians and works in chronological order

Main article: List of ambient artists
Artist name Influential works
Erik Satie 1917 - Furniture music (1)
1920 - Furniture music (2)
1923 - Furniture music (3)
Edgard Varèse 1934 - Ecuatorial
Pierre Schaeffer 1948 - Etude aux Chemins de Fer
Terry Riley 1964 - In C
1968 - A Rainbow in Curved Air
Miles Davis 1969 - In A Silent Way
1974 - Big Fun for "Orange Lady"
1974 - Get Up With It for "He Loved Him Madly"
Popol Vuh 1970 - Affenstunde
1971 - In den Gärten Pharaos
Cluster 1971 - Cluster
1972 - Cluster II
1974 - Zuckerzeit
1976 - Soweisoso
1977 - Cluster & Eno (with Brian Eno)
1978 - After The Heat (with Brian Eno)
1979 - Grosses Wasser
1980 - Live In Vienna (with Joshi Farnbauer)
1981 - Curiosum
1991 - Apropos Cluster
1995 - One Hour
1997 - Japan 1996 Live
1997 - First Encounter Tour 1996
Pink Floyd 1971 - Meddle
Tangerine Dream 1971 - Alpha Centauri
1972 - Zeit
1974 - Phaedra
1975 - Rubycon
1975 - Ricochet
1976 - Stratosfear
—
2000 - The Seven Letters from Tibet
Wendy Carlos 1972 - Sonic Seasonings
Klaus Schulze 1972 - Irrlicht
1973 - Cyborg
1974 - Blackdance
1975 - Timewind
1976 - Moondawn
1977 - Mirage
1977 - Body Love Vol. This is a list of Ambient music artists. This includes artists who have either been very important to the genre or have had a considerable amount of exposure (such as in the Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and Furniture music, or in French musique d’ameublement (sometimes more literally translated as furnishing music is Background Furniture music, or in French musique d’ameublement (sometimes more literally translated as furnishing music is Background Furniture music, or in French musique d’ameublement (sometimes more literally translated as furnishing music is Background WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse, whose name was also spelled Edgar Varèse Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer ( August 14, 1910 &ndash August 19, 1995) was a French Terry Riley (born June 24 1935) is an American composer associated with the minimalist school In C is an aleatoric Musical piece composed by Terry Riley in 1964 for any number of people although he suggests "a group of about 35 is A Rainbow in Curved Air is the second album by Experimental music and Classical minimalism pioneer Terry Riley. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. In a Silent Way is a 1969 album by Jazz Trumpeter Miles Davis. Big Fun is a Double album recorded between 1969 and 1972 by Miles Davis. Get Up With It is an album collecting tracks recorded between 1970 and 1974 by Miles Davis. Popol Vuh was a German Krautrock band founded by pianist and keyboardist Florian Fricke in 1970 together with Holger Trulzsch (percussion and Frank Fiedler Cluster is a German experimental musical group who influenced the development of contemporary popular electronic and Ambient music. Cluster II is the second full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster and their first album with the band reduced to a duo Zuckerzeit is the third full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster. Sowiesoso is the fourth full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster. Cluster & Eno is a collaborative album by the German Electronic music group Cluster and British ambient musician After the Heat is a 1978 Album by Brian Eno and both members of Cluster, namely Dieter Moebius and Hans-Joachim Roedelius Grosses Wasser is the seventh album by the Electronic music outfit Cluster. Live In Vienna is the eighth full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster and their first and only album with Joshi Farnbauer. Curiosum is the ninth album by the Electronic music outfit Cluster. Apropos Cluster is the ninth full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster It was also their first album after an eight year long hiatus One Hour is the eleventh full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster. Japan 1996 Live is the eleventh full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster. First Encounter Tour 1996 is the thirteenth full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster. Pink Floyd are Meddle is an Album by English Progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Tangerine Dream is a German Electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. Alpha Centauri (1971 is an album by the German Electronic music group Tangerine Dream. Zeit (meaning "time" in German) is a 1972 album by the German Electronic music group Tangerine Dream. Phaedra (1974 is an album by the German Electronic music group Tangerine Dream. Rubycon is an album released in 1975 by German Electronic music group Tangerine Dream. Ricochet is the first live album by German Electronic music group Tangerine Dream. Stratosfear is an Electronic music album released in 1976 by the German group Tangerine Dream. Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14 1939 is an American Composer and electronic Musician. Sonic Seasonings is the third album by Synthesizer pioneer Wendy Carlos. Klaus Schulze (born August 4, 1947) is a German Electronic music Composer and musician. Blackdance is the third album by Klaus Schulze. For the first time Schulze uses "real" synthesizers and a singer Timewind is the fifth album by Klaus Schulze. For many years this was his only work available in the United States and was therefore rated higher by American Moondawn is the sixth album by Klaus Schulze. It is Schulze's first album that was performed in the Berlin School style 2
1978 - X
1979 - Dune
1995 - In Blue
— With Pete Namlook:
1994 - Dark Side of the Moog I - Wish you were there
1994 - Dark Side of the Moog II - A saucerful of ambience
2002 - Dark Side of the Moog IX - Set the controls for the heart of the mother
2005 - Dark Side of the Moog X - Astro know me domina
Can 1973 - Future Days
1974 - Soon Over Babaluma
Gong 1973 - Flying Teapot for "The Octave Doctors and the Crystal Machine"
1974 - You for "A Sprinkling of Clouds"
Fripp & Brian Eno 1973 - No Pussyfooting
1975 - Evening Star
2005 - The Equatorial Stars
Kraftwerk 1975 - Radio-Activity
Harmonia 1974 - Musik Von Harmonia
1997 - Tracks and Traces
Neu! 1975 - Neu! '75
Brian Eno 1975 - Another Green World
1975 - Discreet Music
1978 - Ambient 1 / Music For Airports
1980 - Fourth World 1 / Possible Musics (with Jon Hassell)
1982 - Ambient 4 / On Land
1983 - Apollo: Atmospheres and Soundtracks
1985 - Thursday Afternoon

1992 - The Shutov Assembly
1993 - Neroli
Steve Reich 1976-1978 - Music for 18 Musicians
Jean Michel Jarre 1976 - Oxygène
1978 - Equinoxe
1990 - Waiting for Cousteau
Chuck Hammer 1977 - Guitarchitecture
Michael Stearns 1978 - Ancient Leaves
1979 - Morning Jewel
1981 - Planetary Unfolding
1984 - M'ocean
1988 - Encounter
2000 - Within
Earthstar 1978 - Salterbarty Tales
1981 - Atomkraft? Nein, Danke!
1982 - Humans Only
Robert Fripp 1981 - Let The Power Fall
1998 - Gates Of Paradise
Robert Rich 1982 Sunyata
1983 Trances
1983 Drones
1987 Numena
1992 Soma (with Steve Roach)
1997 Fissures
2001 Somnium
Steve Roach 1984 - Structures from Silence
1988 - Quiet Music
1988 - Dreamtime Return
1993 - Origins
1994 - Artifacts
1996 - The Magnificent Void
2000 - Early Man
2003 - Mystic Chords & Sacred Spaces
Coil 1984 - How to Destroy Angels
1998 - Time Machines
Hirokazu Tanaka 1986 - Metroid
The KLF 1990 - Chill Out
Enigma 1990 - MCMXC A.D.
The Orb 1991 - The Orb's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld
1992 - U.F.Orb
Biosphere 1992 - Microgravity
1994 - Patashnik
1995 - Novelty Waves (album)|Novelty Waves
1996 - Polar Sequences (album)|Polar Sequences
1997 - Insomnia
1997 - Substrata
1998 - Nordheim Transformed (album)|Nordheim Transformed
2000 - Birmingham Frequencies
2000 - Cirque
2002 - Shenzou (album)|Shenzou
2004 - Autour de la lune
2006 - Dropsonde
Aphex Twin 1992 - Selected Ambient Works 85-92
1994 - Selected Ambient Works Volume II
Pete Namlook 1992 - Silence I
1993 - Air I
1994 - Air II
1996 - Outland 2 (with Bill Laswell)
1996 - The Fires of Ork (with Geir Jensen of Biosphere)
Moby aka Voodoo Child 1993 - Ambient
1996 - The End of Everything (as Voodoo Child)
2005 - Hotel:Ambient (Disc Two) (limited edition only)
Neptune Towers (Gylve Nagell aka Fenriz) 1994 - Caravans to Empire Algol
1995 - Transmissions from Empire Algol
Kenji Yamamoto 1994 - Super Metroid
Robert Leiner 1994 - Visions of the past
Global Communication 1994 - 76:14
Alpha Wave Movement 1995 - Transcendence
2000 - Drifted Into Deeper Lands
Burzum (Varg Vikernes) 1996 - Filosofem (tracks 4 to 6)
1997- Daudi Baldrs
1999 - Hlidskjalf
Future Sound of London 1994 - Lifeforms
Richard Bone 1998 - The Spectral Ships
1999 - Ether Dome
Stars of the Lid 1996 - Gravitational Pull vs the Desire for an Aquatic Life
1997 - The Ballasted Orchestra
1998 - Per Aspera Ad Astra
1999 - Avec Laudenum
2001 - The Tired Sounds of Stars of the Lid
2007 - Stars of the Lid and Their Refinement of the Decline
Marvin Ayres 1999 - Cellosphere
2002 - Neptune
Ishq 2001 - Ishq
2001 - Orchid
William Basinski 2002 - The River
2002-2003 - Disintegration Loops I, II, III and IV
Gabriel Kalb 2007 - Collection of Works 2006 - 2007

Notable films incorporating ambient music or sound design

Film Director Composer or Sound Designer Comments
1956 - Forbidden Planet Fred Wilcox Louis and Bebe Barron (electronic tonalities) This soundtrack definitely was ahead of its time with its spacey ambient sounds
1968 - 2001: A Space Odyssey Stanley Kubrick György Ligeti (composer "Monolith" and "Beyond Saturn" themes)
Winston Ryder (sound editor)		 "A cutting edge ambient, multimedia accomplishment. "X" is the tenth album by Klaus Schulze. On "X" Schulze attempted to execute a concept album of six "musical biographies" Pete Namlook (born 1960 as Peter Kuhlmann /ˈpʰeiteər ˈkuːl Can was a musical group formed in West Germany in 1968 One of the most important Krautrock groups Can had a style grounded in the Experimental rock of Future Days is a 1973 album by the Rock music group Can. This is the last album to feature Japanese vocalist Damo Suzuki. Soon Over Babaluma is a 1974 album by the Rock music group Can. Gong is a progressive / Psychedelic rock band formed by Australian Musician Daevid Allen. Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946 in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England) is a Guitarist, Composer and a Record Evening Star (1975 is an album by the British ambient musicians Robert Fripp and Brian Eno. The Equatorial Stars is a 2004 album by British ambient musicians Robert Fripp and Brian Eno. Kraftwerk (ˈkʁaftvɛɐk German for " power plant " or " Power station " is an influential Electronic music band from For other uses of "Radio activity" and "radioactivity" see Radioactive (disambiguation. Harmonia is a Krautrock supergroup from Germany. They formed as a collaboration between Michael Rother of Neu! and Hans-Joachim Roedelius Musik Von Harmonia is the debut album from the highly influential Krautrock / Kosmische Musik group Harmonia. Tracks and Traces is the one and only album credited to Harmonia '76, but it is generally regarded as the third album by the highly influential Krautrock Neu! '75 is an album by Krautrock band Neu!. It was recorded and mixed at Conny Plank 's studio between December 1974 and January 1975 Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Another Green World is the third album by British musician Brian Eno, released in November 1975 Discreet Music (1975 is an album by the British ambient musician Brian Eno. Ambient 1 Music for Airports (1978 is an Ambient music album by Brian Eno. Jon Hassell (born March 22, 1937) is an American Trumpet player and Composer. Ambient 4 / On Land (released April 1982 is an album by the British ambient musician Brian Eno. Apollo Atmospheres and Soundtracks (1983 is an album by the British Ambient musician Brian Eno. Thursday Afternoon is a 1985 album by the British ambient musician Brian Eno consisting of one 61-minute composition of the same name The Shutov Assembly is an ambient album by British musician Brian Eno, released on November 10, 1992 on Warner Neroli oil is a plant oil similar in scent to bergamot produced from the blossom of the Bitter orange tree ( Citrus aurantium var WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Stephen Michael Reich (born October 3 Music for 18 Musicians is a seminal work of musical Minimalism composed by Steve Reich during 1974-1976 Jean-Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948, Lyon) is a French Composer, performer and Music producer. Oxygène is an album of instrumental electronic music composed produced and performed by the French composer Jean Michel Jarre. Equinoxe was the second major-label album release by Jean Michel Jarre, released in 1978 on Disques Dreyfus, licensed to Polydor. Waiting for Cousteau ( French title En attendant Cousteau) is an album by Jean Michel Jarre, released in 1990 on Disques Chuck Hammer is an American Guitarist and Emmy nominated digital film Composer, known for seminal guitar-synth with Lou Reed, Guitarchitecture: is a term developed by Chuck Hammer in 1977 describing an approach to soundtrack composition employing discrete textured guitar layers Michael Stearns (born in 1948) is a pioneering American ambient musician but also a film Composer, sound designer and Soundtrack Planetary Unfolding is an album of electronic Ambient music by the American musician Michael Stearns. M'ocean is an album of electronic Ambient music by the American musician Michael Stearns. Encounter is an album by Michael Stearns, released in 1988. Subtitled A Journey in the Key of Space, it's a collection of peaceful instrumental Earthstar was an Electronic music group originally from Utica, New York, in the United States. Atomkraft? Nein Danke! is the third full-length album by the American electronic band Earthstar. Humans Only is the fourth full-length album by the American electronic band Earthstar. Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946 in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England) is a Guitarist, Composer and a Record Robert Rich may refer to Robert Rich (musician, American ambient musician Dalton Trumbo, American screenwriter and novelist used pen name Sunyata (1982 is the debut album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. Trances (1983 is the second album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. Drones (1983 is an album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. Numena (1987 is an album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. Soma (1992 is the second collaborative album by the American Ambient musicians Steve Roach and Robert Rich. Fissures (1997 is a collaborative album by ambient musicians Robert Rich and Alio Die (Stefano Musso Somnium (2001 is an album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. Steve Roach (born 1955 in La Mesa California) is an American Ambient music composer and performer Structures from Silence (1984 is the third album by the American ambient musician Steve Roach. Quiet Music (1988 is an album by the American ambient musician Steve Roach. Dreamtime Return (1988 is a double album based on Australian Aboriginal culture and the concept of the Dreamtime, by the American ambient musician Origins (1993 is a tribal ambient album by the American artist Steve Roach. Artifacts (1994 is a tribal ambient album by the American artist Steve Roach. The Magnificent Void (1996 is an album by the American ambient musician Steve Roach. Early Man (2000 is an album by the American ambient musician Steve Roach. Mystic Chords & Sacred Spaces (2003 is a four disc album by the American ambient musician Steve Roach. How to Destroy Angels is a Studio album by Coil. At this point the group consisted only of John Balance and Peter Christopherson Time Machines is Coil 's landmark Drone music Album, released under the alias Time Machines is a Japanese Composer and Musician best known for his scores for various Video games produced by Nintendo. is the first game in the ''Metroid'' series of video games It was released first for the Famicom Disk System on August 6, 1986 Chill Out is a seminal 1990 Ambient house Concept album by The KLF, portraying a mythical night-time journey up the U Enigma is German electronic musical project founded by Michael Cretu, David Fairstein and Frank Peterson in 1990 MCMXC aD ( 1990 in Roman numerals followed by a seemingly incorrect abbreviation of " Anno Domini " is a Concept album created The Orb are an English Electronic music group known for popularising Chill out music in the 1990s and spawning the genre of Ambient house. The Orb's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld is a seminal 1991 Ambient house Concept album by the electronic music collective The Orb UFOrb is an Ambient house / Techno album by The Orb that reached #1 on the UK Album Chart. Biosphere is the main recording name of Geir Jenssen (born 1962 a Norwegian musician who has released a notable catalogue of ambient Electronic music Microgravity is the debut album by Biosphere, released in 1992 This article is about a Biosphere album For the mathematician and computer scientist see Oren Patashnik. Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity Substrata is an ambient music album by Biosphere, released in 1997 by All Saints Records. Cirque is an album by ambient musician Biosphere which was released in 2000 Autour de la Lune is an album by ambient musician Biosphere which was released on May 17, 2004. Dropsonde is an album by ambient musician Biosphere which was released on vinyl as a mini album in September 2005 Selected Ambient Works Volume II ( SAW2) released in 1994 is an ambient Double album by Richard D Pete Namlook (born 1960 as Peter Kuhlmann /ˈpʰeiteər ˈkuːl Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem Richard Melville Hall, also known as Moby (born September 11, 1965 in Harlem, New York) is an American DJ Ambient is an album by the artist Moby. It was released on August 17, 1993 and received mediocre reviews Moby did not gain any real acclaim The End of Everything is a 1996 Electronic music album written produced and performed by Moby, released under his pseudonym "Voodoo Child Hotel is an Album by the musician Moby, first released internationally on March 14, 2005 and then on March 22, Neptune Towers is an ambient side-project formed in 1993 by Fenriz of Darkthrone. Fenriz (born Leif Nagell on November 28, 1971 and later known as Gylve Fenris Nagell) is best known as the drummer and lyricist of the two-piece Caravans To Empire Algol is the first album by the ambient project Neptune Towers. Transmissions From Empire Algol is the second album by the ambient project Neptune Towers. also known as Metroid 3, is an adventure Video game developed by Nintendo R&D1 and Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo Global Communication is an Electronic music act comprised of Tom Middleton and Mark Pritchard. Alpha Wave Movement (established 1992 is the electronic music project of Gregory T Burzum is the musical project of Varg Vikernes (under the pseudonym "Count Grishnackh" Filosofem ( Norwegian for Philosophy) is the fifth release by the Norwegian Black metal artist Burzum. Dauði Baldrs ( The Death of Baldr or Baldr's Death) is an album by the Norwegian Black metal solo project Burzum. In Norse mythology, Hliðskjálf (sometimes Anglicized Hlidskjalf; from hlid "side gate" or hlifd "protection" The Future Sound of London (often abbreviated to FSOL) are a prolific British Electronic music band comprised of Garry Cobain and Brian Lifeforms is a 1994 double album by experimental electronica group The Future Sound of London. Richard Bone (born February 3, 1952 in Atlanta Georgia) is an American electronic musician Stars of the Lid is a duo specializing in drone-based Ambient music. The Ballasted Orchestra is the third studio album by Stars of the Lid and their first to have its initial release on Kranky Records. For other uses see Per aspera ad astra (disambiguation. Per aspera ad astra is a Latin phrase which literally means Avec Laudenum is the fifth studio album released by Stars of the Lid. The Tired Sounds of Stars of the Lid is the sixth studio album by ambient Drone music group Stars of the Lid. Stars of the Lid and Their Refinement of the Decline is the seventh studio LP by Stars of the Lid, which was released on the Kranky Label in April Marvin Ayres is a composer cellist pianist and violinist Ayres has recorded a diverse selection of ambient and 'string design' albums as well as produced a number of sensual jazz and (in Arabic alphabet: عشق) in Modern Persian word eshq (عشق in Turkish aşk is meaning "love" William Basinski (born 1958 in Houston Texas) is an American composer clarinetist saxophonist and sound & video artist Forbidden Planet is a 1956 Science fiction film directed by Fred M Fred McLeod Wilcox ( December 22, 1907 &ndash September 23, 1964) was an American motion picture director Louis ( 23 April, 1920, Minneapolis &ndash 1 November, 1989, Los Angeles) and Bebe Barron ( 16 June 2001 A Space Odyssey is a 1968 Science fiction film directed by Stanley Kubrick, written by Kubrick and Arthur C . . the ambient revolution, now and for the past couple of decades, owes much of its impetus to the achievement of 2001. " — D. B.  Spalding [2]
1971 - THX 1138 George Lucas Lalo Schifrin (composer)
Walter Murch (sound design)		 Murch's "Theater of Noise" offered as alternate soundtrack on Director's Cut DVD
1972 - Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes Werner Herzog Popol Vuh (composer)
1976 - Sebastiane Derek Jarman Brian Eno (composer)
1977 - Eraserhead David Lynch Alan Splet (sound design) Features innovative ambient noise sound design in place of musical score. THX 1138 is a 1971 Science fiction film directed by George Lucas, from a screenplay by Lucas and Walter Murch. George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter Lalo Schifrin (born June 21, 1932) is an Argentine pianist and Composer. Walter Scott Murch (born July 12, 1943) is an Academy Award &ndashwinning Film editor / sound designer, the son of painter Aguirre the Wrath of God (Aguirre der Zorn Gottes is an independent 1972 German Film written and directed by Werner Herzog Werner Herzog (born Werner H Stipetić; September 5 1942 is a German Film director, Screenwriter, actor and Opera director Popol Vuh was a German Krautrock band founded by pianist and keyboardist Florian Fricke in 1970 together with Holger Trulzsch (percussion and Frank Fiedler Sebastiane is a controversial 1976 film written and directed by Derek Jarman and Paul Humfress. Derek Jarman ( January 31 1942 – February 19 1994) was an English Film director, Stage designer Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Eraserhead is a 1977 Surrealist Horror film written and directed by David Lynch. David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Alan Splet (1939&ndash1995 was an Academy Award winning Sound designer and Sound editor. In atmospheric sound transmission or Noise pollution, ambient noise level is the sound pressure level at a given location normally specified as a reference level to study a
1977 - Sorcerer William Friedkin Tangerine Dream (Composer)
1980 - The Elephant Man David Lynch Alan Splet (sound design)
1981 - Halloween II Rick Rosenthal John Carpenter & Alan Howarth (composers)
1982 - Halloween III: Season of the Witch Tommy Lee Wallace John Carpenter & Alan Howarth (composers)
1984 - Starman John Carpenter Jack Nitzsche (composer)
1986 - The Hitcher Robert Harmon Mark Isham (composer)
1989 - For All Mankind Al Reinert Brian Eno (composer) Score released as Apollo: Atmospheres and Soundtracks
1989 - Sex, Lies, and Videotape Steven Soderbergh Cliff Martinez (composer) Soderbergh's instructions to Martinez were to channel Brian Eno. Sorcerer (1977 is a soundtrack album by the German band Tangerine Dream for the film Sorcerer. William Friedkin (born August 29 1935 in Chicago, Illinois) is an Academy Award-winning American movie and television director Tangerine Dream is a German Electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. The Elephant Man is a 1980 Biopic loosely based on the story of the 19th century British deformed celebrity Joseph Merrick (called John David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Alan Splet (1939&ndash1995 was an Academy Award winning Sound designer and Sound editor. Halloween II is a 1981 Horror film set in the fictional Midwest town of Haddonfield Illinois, on Halloween night 1978 Richard L "Rick" Rosenthal Jr Rosenthal helped launch Sean Penn 's career when he cast the then-unknown actor in the title role of the 1983 film Bad Boys John Howard Carpenter (born January 16, 1948) is an American Film director, Screenwriter, producer, film score Alan Thomas Howarth, Baron Howarth of Newport, CBE, PC, (born 11 June 1944 is a British politician and was a Member of Parliament Halloween III Season of the Witch is a 1982 Horror film and the third installment in the ''Halloween'' series. Tommy Lee Wallace (born September 6, 1949) is an American Film producer, director and Screenwriter. John Howard Carpenter (born January 16, 1948) is an American Film director, Screenwriter, producer, film score Alan Thomas Howarth, Baron Howarth of Newport, CBE, PC, (born 11 June 1944 is a British politician and was a Member of Parliament John Carpenter's Starman is a 1984 Science fiction and Fantasy Film directed by John Carpenter which tells the story of John Howard Carpenter (born January 16, 1948) is an American Film director, Screenwriter, producer, film score Bernard Alfred "Jack" Nitzsche ( April 22 1937  &ndash August 25 2000) was an arranger producer songwriter and Academy Award The Hitcher is a 1986 horror / thriller Film, directed by Robert Harmon and written by Eric Red. Robert Harmon is an American film director He is best known for the 1986 horror classic The Hitcher, starring Rutger Hauer, as well as Mark Isham (b September 7, 1951 in New York City) is an American Trumpeter synthesist, and Academy Award-nominated film Composer For All Mankind is a 1989 Documentary film documenting the Apollo missions of NASA. Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Apollo Atmospheres and Soundtracks (1983 is an album by the British Ambient musician Brian Eno. Sex Lies and Videotape (the film's publicity materials always display the title in Lowercase letters is a 1989 Independent film that Steven Andrew Soderbergh (born January 14 1963 is an American Film producer, Screenwriter, Cinematographer, editor, and Cliff Martinez (born February 5, 1954) is an American film score composer and former drummer for Captain Beefheart, The Dickies, The Weirdos Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Soundtrack on Virgin/EMI Records
1997 - Insomnia Erik Skjoldbjærg Biosphere (composer)
2001 - Donnie Darko Richard Kelly Michael Andrews (composer)
2001 - Traffic Steven Soderbergh Cliff Martinez (composer)
Brian Eno (composer- end title theme)		 End title them is "An Ending (Ascent)" from Apollo: Atmospheres and Soundtracks
2002 - Solaris Steven Soderbergh Cliff Martinez (composer)
2005 - Me and You and Everyone We Know Miranda July Michael Andrews (composer)
2006 - The Prestige (film) Christopher Nolan David Julyan (composer)
2007 - 30 Days of Night (film) David Slade Brian Reitzell (composer)

Notable ambient music shows on radio and via satellite

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Ambient Music, Beginnings and Implications, by Chris Melchior. Hyperreal. org.
  2. ^ Ambient Music Definition. Deepintense. com.
  3. ^ History of Ambient. Ambient Music Guide.
  4. ^ Cook, Nicholas; Anthony Pople (2004). The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press, p502. ISBN 0521662567.  
  5. ^ a b Jarrett, Michael (1998). Sound Tracks: A Musical ABC, Volumes 1-3. Temple University Press, p1973. ISBN 1566396417.  
  6. ^ a b Tingen, Paul (2001). Miles Beyond: The Electric Explorations of Miles Davis, 1967-1991. Watson-Guptill, p54. ISBN 0823083462.  
  7. ^ "Ambient House", All Music Guide (Retrieved October 4, 2006). allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  8. ^ ". . . Originally a 1970s reference to the conjunction of ambient electronics and our expanding visions of cosmic space . . . In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic. " Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, What is spacemusic?
  9. ^ "Any music with a generally slow, relaxing pace and space-creating imagery or atmospherics may be considered Space Music, without conventional rhythmic elements, while drawing from any number of traditional, ethnic, or modern styles. " Lloyde Barde, July/August 2004, Making Sense of the Last 20 Years in New Music
  10. ^ "When you listen to space and ambient music you are connecting with a tradition of contemplative sound experience whose roots are ancient and diverse. The genre spans historical, ethnic, and contemporary styles. In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic. " Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, What is spacemusic?
  11. ^ "A timeless experience. . . as ancient as the echoes of a simple bamboo flute or as contemporary as the latest ambient electronica. Any music with a generally slow pace and space-creating sound image can be called spacemusic. Generally quiet, consonant, ethereal, often without conventional rhythmic and dynamic contrasts, spacemusic is found within many historical, ethnic, and contemporary genres. "Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, sidebar "What is Spacemusic?" in essay Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined
  12. ^ "The early innovators in electronic "space music" were mostly located around Berlin. The term has come to refer to music in the style of the early and mid 1970s works of Klaus Schulze, Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, Popol Vuh and others in that scene. The music is characterized by long compositions, looping sequencer patterns, and improvised lead melody lines. " - John Dilaberto, Berlin School, Echoes Radio on-line music glossary
  13. ^ "This music is experienced primarily as a continuum of spatial imagery and emotion, rather than as thematic musical relationships, compositional ideas, or performance values. " Essay by Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, New Age Music Made Simple
  14. ^ "Innerspace, Meditative, and Transcendental. . . This music promotes a psychological movement inward. " Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled New Age Music Made Simple
  15. ^ ". . . Spacemusic . . . conjures up either outer "space" or "inner space" " - Lloyd Barde, founder of Backroads Music Notes on Ambient Music, Hyperreal Music Archive
  16. ^ "Space And Travel Music: Celestial, Cosmic, & Terrestrial. . . This New Age sub-category has the effect of outward psychological expansion. Celestial or cosmic music removes listeners from their ordinary acoustical surroundings by creating stereo sound images of vast, virtually dimensionless spatial environments. In a word — spacey. Rhythmic or tonal movements animate the experience of flying, floating, cruising, gliding, or hovering within the auditory space. "Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, in an essay titled New Age Music Made Simple
  17. ^ " Restorative powers are often claimed for it, and at its best it can create an effective environment to balance some of the stress, noise, and complexity of everyday life. " -- Stephen Hill, Founder, Music from the Hearts of Space What is Spacemusic?
  18. ^ "This was the soundtrack for countless planetarium shows, on massage tables, and as soundtracks to many videos and movies. "- Lloyd Barde Notes on Ambient Music, Hyperreal Music Archive
  19. ^ Reynolds, Simon; Chill: the new ambient, ArtForum, Jan, 1995
  20. ^ "The program has defined its own niche — a mix of ambient, electronic, world, new age, classical and experimental music. . . . Slow-paced, space-creating music from many cultures — ancient bell meditations, classical adagios, creative space jazz, and the latest electronic and acoustic ambient music are woven into a seamless sequence unified by sound, emotion, and spatial imagery. " Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined
  21. ^ "Hill's Hearts of Space Web site provides streaming access to an archive of hundreds of hours of spacemusic artfully blended into one-hour programs combining ambient, electronic, world, New Age and classical music. " Steve Sande, The Sky's the Limit with Ambient Music, SF Chronicle, Sunday, January 11, 2004
  22. ^ "STAR'S END is (with the exception of "Music from the Hearts of Space") the longest running radio program of ambient music in the world. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Since 1976, STAR'S END has been providing the Philadelphia broadcast area with music to sleep and dream to. " Star's End website background information page
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