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For other uses, see Ambassador (disambiguation).

An ambassador is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. International Organization is a peer-reviewed Academic journal that covers the entire field of International affairs. In everyday usage it applies to the ranking government representative stationed in a foreign capital. The host country typically allows the ambassador control of specific territory called an embassy, whose territory, staff, and even vehicles are generally afforded diplomatic immunity in the host country. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in Diplomatic immunity is a form of legal immunity and a policy held between governments which ensures that Diplomats are given safe passage and are considered not


The senior diplomatic officers among members of the Commonwealth of Nations are known as High Commissioners, who are the heads of High Commissions. High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment Representatives of the Holy See are known as Papal or Apostolic Nuncios. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Nuncio is an ecclesiastical Diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word Nuntius, meaning "envoy

Historically, officials representing their countries abroad were termed ministers, but this term was also applied to diplomats of the second rank. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 formalized the system of diplomatic rank under international law:

Ambassadors are ministers of the highest rank, with plenipotentiary authority to represent their head of state. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards The word plenipotentiary (from the Latin, plenus + potens, full + power has two meanings In modern usage, most Ambassadors on foreign postings as head of mission carry the full title of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. In diplomatic usage Head of Mission is the generic term used to refer to the head of a diplomatic representation such as an Ambassador, High Commissioner, Nuncio "Ordinary" Ambassadors and non-plenipotentiary status are rarely used, although they may be encountered in certain circumstances.

Moreover, a Resident Ambassador is one who resides within the country to which (s)he is accredited. A Non-Resident Ambassador does not reside within the country to which (s)he is accredited but lives in a nearby country. Thus, a resident ambassador to a country might at the same time also be a non-resident ambassador to one or more other countries; this may be phrased as "Ambassador to" . . . "with concurrent accreditation to" another country.

Among European powers, the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary (French ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire or German außerordentlicher und bevollmächtigter Botschafter) was historically deemed the personal representative of the Sovereign, and the custom of dispatching ambassadors to the head of state rather than the government has persisted. For example, ambassadors to and from the United Kingdom are accredited to or from the Royal Court of St. James's (referring to St. James's Palace). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Court of St James's is the name of the Royal court of the United Kingdom. St James's Palace is one of London's oldest Palaces It is situated on Pall Mall in London, just north of St

Because 33 members of the Commonwealth of Nations have or had a common head of state, they do not exchange ambassadors, but instead have High Commissioners which represent the government, rather than the head of state. High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment In diplomatic usage, High Commissioner is considered an equivalent rank and role to an Ambassador.

Ranking below full ambassador are the rank of Envoy, Minister resident and Chargé d'affaires. In diplomacy chargé d’affaires ( French for “charged with (in charge of matters” is the title of two classes of diplomatic agents who head a diplomatic They represent their government rather than their head of state. For further details, see diplomatic rank. The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis

While the title generally reflects the Ambassador's position as head of a diplomatic mission, in some countries the term may also represent a rank held by career diplomats, as a matter of internal promotion, regardless of the posting, and in many national careers it is quite common for them to be appointed to other functions, especially within the ministry/ministries in charge of foreign affairs, in some countries in systematic alteration with actual postings.

The formal form of address for an ambassador is generally the form that would be used to address a head of state: "(Your/His/Her) Excellency" followed by name and/or the country represented. In many countries, less formal variations are frequently used, such as "Ambassador" followed by name, or the name followed by "Ambassador of. . . ". In the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" may be used.

In some countries, a former Ambassador may continue to be styled and addressed as Ambassador throughout his or her life (in the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" or equivalent terms for females may be heard). In other countries, Ambassador is a title that accrues to the individual only with respect to a specific position, and may not be used after leaving the position. Some countries do not use the term while an Ambassador is in the home country, as the individual is not an Ambassador there; for example, a Canadian Ambassador while in Canada is not generally addressed as Ambassador, although he or she may be referred to as "Canadian Ambassador to . . . ", that is, with reference to a specific job function; they are never addressed or styled as Ambassador after leaving a position or retiring.

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Extraordinary postings

Not unlike many diplomats of the lower rank of Resident (Minister) or the usually full rank of high commissioner, or in other circumstances a Consular representative, an ambassador can in specific historical conditions be entrusted with a task that is no less administrative than diplomatic, such as representing the protector in a protectorate of the subordinate kind, e. A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types required to take up permanent residency abroad officially In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect g. posted by France in the Saar (rather a mandate territory by another name, in part of Germany). The Saar or Saar Area or Saar Protectorate or Saar Region was a French-German borderland territory twice temporarily made a protectorate

Lists of ambassadors

Non-diplomatic ambassadorships

In a less formal sense, the word is used for high-profile non-diplomatic representative of various entities (rarely states), mainly cultural and charitable organisations, often as willing figure heads to attract media attention, e. Below is a partial list of current ambassadors from Angola to other nations Belgium Canada: Miguel Maria N'Zau Puna The following is the list of Ambassadors from Serbia. The list is in alphabetical order by country Current Ethiopian Ambassadors and Consulates The following is the list of High Commissioners and Ambassadors from Australia. This is a list of Ambassadors from Egypt to other countries This is a list of ambassadors from Finland. Note that some Ambassadors are responsible for more than one country while others are directly accredited from Helsinki Current Israeli Ambassadors Ambassadors to International Organizations Current ambassadors from Israel to international organizations Consuls General Current This is a list of Israel 's ambassadors to the United States. This article contains several lists of Ambassadors from the United States. The following table lists Ambassadors to the United States sorted by the representative country This is a list of Ambassadors and High Commissioners to and from New Zealand as of 24 July 2006 This is a list of Ambassadors and High Commissioners to Canada from other countries and entities (in order of seniority Roble Olhaye The following is the list of Ambassadors and High Commissioners to the United Kingdom, or more formally to the Court of St This is a list of current heads of United Kingdom Missions abroad The below is a list of the current Permanent Representatives to the United Nations in New York together with their country and when their position was last confirmed g. film and pop stars makes appeals to the public at large for UNESCO activities (see UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors), sometimes during press-swarmed visits in the field. UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors are celebrity advocates of UNESCO (not diplomatic Ambassadors who utilize their talent or fame to spread the UNESCO ideals especially

In French speaking regions such as France, Wallonia or Quebec, the title of ambassadeur person. Wallonia, or Wallonie, (Wallonie Wallonien Wallonië Waloneye is the Meridional part of Belgium belonging to the Romance linguistic field

See also

Relevant Books

Rana, K. The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment Nuncio is an ecclesiastical Diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word Nuntius, meaning "envoy The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis (2004). "The 21st Century Ambassador: Plenipotentiary to Chief Executive" DiploFoundation ISBN 99909-55-18-2

External links

Dictionary

ambassador

-noun

  1. A minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country.
  2. An official messenger and representative.
  3. (obsolete, slang) A trick to duck some ignorant fellow or landsman, frequently played on board ships in the warm latitudes. It is thus managed: A large tub is filled with water, and two stools placed on each side of it. Over the whole is thrown a tarpaulin, or old sail: this is kept tight by two persons, who are to represent the king and queen of a foreign country, and are seated on the stools. The person intended to be ducked plays the Ambassador, and after repeating a ridiculous speech dictated to him, is led in great form up to the throne, and seated between the king and queen, who rising suddenly as soon as he is seated, he falls backwards into the tub of water. (1811 Dictionary of Vulgar Tongue)
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