FILA Greatest Wrestler of 20th Century (Greco-Roman) Alexander Karelin throws Olympian Jeff Blatnick with his "Karelin Lift". | Olympic Games }} Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Karelin, or simply Alexander Karelin, (Александр Александрович Карелин born September Jeff Blatnick (born July 26, 1957 in Schenectady New York) is a former American Super Heavyweight Greco-Roman wrestler

Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport wrestling. Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent There are two international wrestling styles performed in the Olympic Games under the supervision of FILA (Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées or International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles): Greco-Roman and freestyle. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world Freestyle wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world Freestyle is possibly derived from the English Lancashire style. Lancashire wrestling is an historic Wrestling style from Lancashire in England A similar style, commonly called collegiate (also known as scholastic or folkstyle), is practiced in colleges and universities, secondary schools, middle schools, and among younger age groups in the United States. Collegiate wrestling is the commonly-used name of the style of Amateur wrestling practiced at the College and University level in the United States Scholastic wrestling is the commonly-used name of the style of Amateur wrestling practiced at the High school and middle (junior high school level in The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Where the style is not specified, this article refers to the international styles played on a mat. A mat is a generic term for a piece of fabric or flat material generally placed on a Floor or other flat surface and serving a range of purposes including

Scoring

Greco-Roman and freestyle differ in what holds are permitted; in Greco-Roman, the wrestlers are permitted to hold and attack only above the waist. Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world Freestyle wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world In both Greco-Roman and freestyle, points can be scored in the following ways:

• Takedown: A wrestler gaining control over his opponent from a neutral position.
• Reversal: A wrestler gaining control over his opponent from a defensive position.
• Exposure or the Danger Position: A wrestler exposing his opponent's back to the mat for several seconds, also awarded if one's back is to the mat but the wrestler is not pinned.
• Penalty: Various infractions (e. g. striking the opponent, acting with brutality or intent to injure, using illegal holds, etc. ). (Under the 2004-2005 changes to the international styles, a wrestler whose opponent takes an injury time-out receives one point unless the injured wrestler is bleeding. )^[1] Any wrestler stepping out of bounds while standing in the neutral position during a match is penalized by giving his opponent a point. ^[2]

Scores no longer awarded in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling

In 2004, FILA radically changed the format and scoring of the international styles. Part of this involved eliminating two ways of scoring which are possible from the par terre, or 'on the mat,' position.

• Escape: A wrestler getting from a defensive position to a neutral position.
• Lifting: A wrestler successfully lifting an opponent in the defensive position without exposing his back. Prior to this rule change a wrestler could score 1 point simply by lifting his opponent off the mat into the air.

Scores only awarded in collegiate wrestling

As in the international styles, collegiate wrestling awards points for takedowns and reversals. Collegiate wrestling is the commonly-used name of the style of Amateur wrestling practiced at the College and University level in the United States It also awards points for escapes. Penalty points are awarded in collegiate wrestling according to the current rules, which basically penalize moves that would impair the life or limb of the opponent. However, the manner in which infractions are penalized and points awarded to the offended wrestler differ in some aspects from the international styles. Collegiate wrestling also awards points for:

• Near Fall: This is similar to the exposure (or danger position) points given in Greco-Roman and freestyle. A wrestler scores points for holding his opponent's shoulders or scapulae to the mat for several seconds while his opponent is still not pinned.
• Time Advantage or Riding Time: On the college level, the wrestler who controlled his opponent on the mat for the most time is awarded a point; provided that the difference of the two wrestlers' time advantage is at least one minute. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution.

Period Format

Women's wrestling

In the international styles, the format is now three two-minute periods. A wrestler wins the match when he has won two out of three periods. For example, if one competitor were to win the first period 1-0 and the second period 1-0, the match would be over. However, if the other competitor were to win the second period, then a third and deciding period would result. Only a fall, injury default, or disqualification terminates the match; all other modes of victory result only in period termination. ^[3]

One side effect of this format is that it is possible for the losing wrestler to outscore the winner. For example, periods may be scored 3-2, 0-4, 1-0, leading to a total score of 4-6 but a win for the wrestler scoring fewer points.

In collegiate wrestling, the period structure is different. A college match consists of one three-minute period, followed by two two-minute periods, with an overtime round if necessary. ^[4] A high school match typically consists of three two-minute periods, with an overtime round if necessary. ^[5] Under the standard rules for collegiate wrestling, draws are not possible; this rule is sometimes modified for young wrestlers.

Victory Conditions in the International Styles

Two U.S. Air Force members wrestling in a Greco-Roman match. Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world

A match can be won in the following ways:

• Win by Fall: A fall, also known as a pin, occurs when one wrestler holds both his opponents' shoulders on the mat simultaneously. ^[6]
• Win by Technical Superiority: If one wrestler gains a 15-point lead over his opponent at any point in the period, the current period is declared over, and he is the winner of that period. In Amateur wrestling, a technical fall, or technical superiority ("tech" for short slang "I teched him" is a victory condition satisfied by Also, if a wrestler executes one 5-point throw or two 3-point throws in a single period, the current period is declared over, and he is the winner of that period. ^[7]
• Win by Decision: If neither wrestler achieves either a fall or technical superiority, the wrestler who scored more points during the period is declared the winner of that period. If the wrestlers have gained the same number of points at the period's end, then the winner is determined in the following order: 1. Fewest caution points awarded to opponent 2. Most 3-point throws 3. Most 2-point throws 4. Last point scored. 5. If neither wrestler has scored a point in the period then a clinch is used to decide the winner. The referee flips a disc with a blue side and a red side. This determined which wrestler will take the opponents leg while kneeling in front of his opponent. Once the referee blows his whistle, the kneeling wrestler has 30 seconds to score a point and win the period. If he does not score or his opponent scores first, then the wrestler whose leg was taken to start the period is declared the winner. ^[8]
• Win by Default: If one wrestler is unable to continue participating for any reason or fails to show up on the mat after his name was called three times before the match begins^[9], his opponent is declared the winner of the match by default, forfeit, or withdrawal.
• Win by Injury: If one wrestler is injured and unable to continue, the other wrestler is declared the winner. This is also referred to as a medical forfeit or injury default. The term also encompasses situations where wrestlers become ill, take too many injury time-outs, or bleed uncontrollably. If a wrestler is injured by his opponent's illegal maneuver and cannot continue, the wrestler at fault is disqualified. ^[10]
• Win by Disqualification: Normally, if a wrestler is assessed three Cautions for breaking the rules, he is disqualified. Under other circumstances, such as flagrant brutality, the match may be ended immediately and the wrestler disqualified and removed from the tournament. ^[11]

Victory Conditions in Collegiate Wrestling

While having similar victory conditions with Greco-Roman and freestyle, such as wins by fall, decision, injury, and disqualification, victory conditions in collegiate wrestling differ on some points from the international styles:

• Win by Fall: A pin or fall (when a wrestler holds his opponent's shoulders or shoulder blades (scapulae) to the mat) in collegiate wrestling must be held for two full seconds for high school wrestlers^[12] or one full second for college wrestlers. In Human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the Humerus attaches to the Scapula. In Anatomy, the scapula, omo, or shoulder blade, is the Bone that connects the Humerus (arm bone with the Clavicle (collar Collegiate wrestling is the commonly-used name of the style of Amateur wrestling practiced at the College and University level in the United States ^[13] A victory by pin is worth six team points in a dual meet. ^[14]
• Win by Technical Fall: If, at any break in action, one wrestler leads the other by 15 points and a pinning situation is not imminent, the match ends. In Amateur wrestling, a technical fall, or technical superiority ("tech" for short slang "I teched him" is a victory condition satisfied by ^[15] The winning team is then awarded five team points. On the college level, five team points are awarded if the winner received points for a near fall; four team points are awarded if the wrestler did not score near fall points. ^[16]
• Win By Major Decision: In collegiate (scholastic or folkstyle) wrestling, a decision in which the winner outscores his opponent by eight or more points is a "major decision" and is rewarded with four team points in a dual meet. ^[17]
• Win By Decision: After the three wrestling periods have expired and the winning wrestler possesses a difference of one to seven in points, the wrestler is given a "decision", and the team is awarded three team points in a dual meet. ^[18]
• Win By Default: If a participant cannot continue wrestling for any reason during the course of the match (e. g. illness, injury, etc. ), his opponent wins by default^[19], worth six team points in a dual meet. ^[20]
• Win By Forfeit: If one wrestler fails to appear on the mat at the start of the match for some reason, and the other wrestler appears on the mat, the wrestler on the mat at the start of the match is automatically declared the winner. ^[21] The winning team in a dual meet is then awarded six team points. ^[22] If during the course of a tournament, a wrestler wishes to no longer participate because of illness or injury, then his opponent wins by medical forfeit^[23], worth the same number of individual and team tournament placement points as a forfeit. ^[24]
• Win By Disqualification: For flagrant misconduct or for a certain number of penalties assessed, a wrestler is disqualified from the match, and his opponent is declared the winner. ^[25] In a dual meet, this victory is worth six team points. ^[26] Rules for how penalties and disqualifications are determined vary somewhat in collegiate (scholastic or folkstyle) wrestling from the international styles.

Dual meet scoring is very similar on the high school level. ^[27]

Illegal moves

Andrell Durden (top) and Edward Harris grapple for position during the All-Marine Wrestle Offs.

Amateur wrestling is a positionally-based form of grappling, and thus generally prohibits the following:

• Biting
• Pinching or poking with the fingers, toes, or nails, including fish-hooking the nose or mouth
• Gouging or intentionally scratching the opponent – eye-gouges especially are grounds for disqualification and banned status in most amateur wrestling competitions
• Strikes using the hands, fists, elbows, feet, knees, or head
• Joint locks, including armlocks, leglocks, spinal locks, wristlocks, and small joint manipulation. Grappling refers to the gripping handling and controlling of an opponent without the use of striking, typically through the application of various Grappling holds A bite is a Wound received from the Mouth (and in particular the Teeth) of an Animal or human Fish-hooking is the act of inserting fingers into the mouth nostrils or other orifices of a person with the intention of pulling and tearing the surrounding tissue Eye-gouging is the act of pressing or tearing the eye using the fingers other bodyparts or instruments A strike is an attack with an inanimate object such as a Weapon, or with a part of the human body intended to cause an effect upon an opponent or to simply cause harm to A slap or "smack" is a broad stroke made with the open hand as opposed to a punch that is made with a closed fist In the context of Unarmed combat or Melee, a punch is "a thrusting blow esp An elbow strike (commonly referred to as simply an " elbow " is a strike with the point of the elbow the part of the forearm nearest to the elbow or In Martial arts, Combat sports or Violence, a kick is a strike using the Foot, leg, or Knee (also known as a knee A knee strike (commonly referred to simply as a knee) is a strike with the Knee, either with the Kneecap or the surrounding area A headbutt is a strike with the head typically involving the use of robust parts of the Cranium as areas of impact A joint lock is a Grappling technique involving manipulation of an opponent's Joints in such a way that the joints reach their maximal degree of motion In Grappling, an Armlock is a single or double Joint lock that hyperextends hyperflexes or hyperrotates the Elbow Joint And/Or Shoulder A leglock is a Joint lock that is directed at Joints of the leg such as the Ankle, Knee or Hip joint. A spinal lock is a multiple Joint lock applied to the Spinal column, which is performed by forcing the spine beyond its normal ranges of motion A wristlock is a Joint lock primarily affecting the Wrist-joint and possibly the Radioulnar joints through rotation of the hand For the medical procedure see Joint manipulation Small joint manipulation refers to twisting pulling or bending Fingers
• Chokeholds, strangling, suffocating, or smothering
• Spiking, or lifting and slamming the opponent head-first to the mat (though other forms of slamming are generally allowed in the international styles; in collegiate, slamming per se is illegal)
• Grasping or holding the opponent's genitals
• Using a figure-four (grappling hold) leg lock (where one knee is bent at a 90º (degree) angle and placed behind the other knee) on the torso or the head in the neutral position (It is, however, legal to figure-four the head if both wrestlers are not in the neutral position; this rule exists primarily to prevent people from using a figure-four lock of the head to prevent a 'shooting' takedown, as it is very dangerous in that circumstance. A chokehold or stranglehold (in Budo referred to as shime-waza, 絞技 "constriction technique" is a Grappling hold that A suplex is an Offensive move used in wrestling both in competitive Sport wrestling, including Olympic and collegiate wrestling and Professional wrestling A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined is any of the anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute A figure-four is a term used to describe particular Grappling holds The name "figure-four" comes from the positioning of the limbs involved in the hold which )
• Most types of amateur wrestling also discourage or prohibit the use of one's own or the opponent's clothing for grasping or performing any type of hold.

No modern sport allows biting, finger-poking, eye-gouging, or genital shots. A bite is a Wound received from the Mouth (and in particular the Teeth) of an Animal or human Eye-gouging is the act of pressing or tearing the eye using the fingers other bodyparts or instruments But many other grappling-based sports permit some or all of the other tactics listed above, including shoot wrestling, judo, jujutsu, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, mixed martial arts, and catch wrestling. Grappling refers to the gripping handling and controlling of an opponent without the use of striking, typically through the application of various Grappling holds Shoot wrestling is a Combat sport and a general term that describes a range of Hybrid fighting systems originating meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late literally meaning the " art of softness " or "way of yielding" is a collective name for Japanese martial art styles consisting of grappling Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ( BJJ) is a Martial art and Combat sport that focuses on Grappling and especially Ground fighting with the goal Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and Catch wrestling is a style of Wrestling. Catch wrestling is arguably the ancestor of modern Grappling, Professional wrestling, Mixed martial arts Different styles of amateur wrestling may also prohibit specific types of illegal holds (e. g. Greco-Roman wrestling prohibiting holds below the waist).

Equipment

Two college wrestlers in the United States with headgear competing in collegiate (scholastic or folkstyle) wrestling. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Wrestling headgear is protection that a person wears over the ears and chin during wrestling matches Collegiate wrestling is the commonly-used name of the style of Amateur wrestling practiced at the College and University level in the United States

While there is not much equipment that a wrestler wears, it is still highly specialized. A wrestling singlet is a one-piece, tight-fitting, colored, lycra uniform. A wrestling singlet (or simply singlet) is a one-piece tight-fitting colored uniform usually made of Spandex, Lycra, or Nylon, used in The uniform is tight-fitting so as not to get grasped accidentally by the opponent and allows the referee to see each wrestler's body clearly when awarding points or a pin. Women wrestlers wear a higher cut singlet usually with a sports-bra underneath.

Wrestling shoes are light, flexible, thin-soled, ankle-high sneakers that allow maximum speed and traction on the mat without giving up ankle support. Wrestling shoes are active wear used in competition and practice for the sport of wrestling. The current rules call for laces (if any) to be covered so that they do not come untied during competition.

In American high school and college wrestling especially (Although under current FILA rules, it is optionable. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Collegiate wrestling is the commonly-used name of the style of Amateur wrestling practiced at the College and University level in the United States The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international ^[28]), headgear is mandatorily used^[29][30] to protect the ears from cauliflower ear and other injuries. Wrestling headgear is protection that a person wears over the ears and chin during wrestling matches Cauliflower ear (also hematoma auris or perichondrial hematoma) is a condition most common among amateur wrestlers, rugby players, mixed Headgear is made from molded plastic polymer or vinyl coated energy absorbing foam over a rigid hard liner and strapped to the head tightly.

Wrestling is conducted on a padded mat that must have excellent shock absorption, tear resistance, and compression qualities. Most mats are made of PVC rubber nitrile foam. Recent advances in technology have brought about new mats made using closed cell, cross-linked polyethylene foam covered in vinyl backed with non-woven polyester.

World participation

The countries with the leading wrestlers in the Olympic Games and World Championships are Iran, the United States, Russia (and some of the former Soviet Union republics, especially Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan), Bulgaria, Turkey, Hungary, Cuba, Japan, South and North Korea, Germany, and historically Sweden and Finland. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe.

In the United States currently there is a decline in men's wrestling programs in colleges and universities that some attribute to Title IX. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, now known as the Patsy T It is believed by some that when schools cannot add enough opportunities for women they choose to scrap their wrestling programs (Other programs that have a primary target of men, such as golf and men's swimming, are believed to be similarly affected. Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance ). Also, colleges' and universities' budget decisions for athletic departments are also suspected to play a role in such cuts. This has caused controversy in recent years.

Women's amateur wrestling (a modified form of freestyle) is gaining popularity around the world, and has recently been added as an Olympic sport. The Olympic sports comprise all the Sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.

In some countries, people engage in simulated wrestling matches as a performance ("sports entertainment"). See professional wrestling. Professional wrestling, or pro wrestling, is a non-competitive professional Sport, where all matches are scripted by the promotion's booking staff

• Amateur wrestling in Australia
• Amateur wrestling in Europe
• Amaresu (Japan)
• Amateur wrestling in the United States

See also

• Greco-Roman wrestling
• Freestyle wrestling
• Collegiate wrestling
• Wrestling weight classes
• List of famous amateur wrestlers

Notes

1. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). Three Australians have won medals in freestyle events at the Olympics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world Freestyle wrestling is a style of Amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world Collegiate wrestling is the commonly-used name of the style of Amateur wrestling practiced at the College and University level in the United States In many styles of Wrestling, opponents are matched based on Weight ( Mass) A number of wrestlers competing in the freestyle, Greco-Roman, and collegiate styles and non-profit acting Pro are famous for their Amateur wrestling The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. p. 36. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
2. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. p. 36. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
3. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. pp. 27, 30. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
4. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. pp. WR-10, WR-40-WR-42. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
5. ^ National Federation of State High School Associations (2007-09-15). The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. 2007-08 NFHS Wrestling Rules Book. NFHS, pp. The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States 31, 34-35.  
6. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. p. 41. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
7. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. p. 55. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
8. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. pp. 30, 43-46. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
9. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. p. 27. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
10. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. pp. 30, 52-53. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
11. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. pp. 31, 50. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
12. ^ National Federation of State High School Associations (2007-09-15). The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. 2007-08 NFHS Wrestling Rules Book. NFHS, p. The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States 22.  
13. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. pp. WR-23-WR-24. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
14. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-60. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
15. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-24. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
16. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-60. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
17. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. pp. WR-25, WR-60. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
18. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. pp. WR-25, WR-60. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
19. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-25. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
20. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-60. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
21. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-25. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
22. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-60. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
23. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-25. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
24. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. pp. WR-61-WR-62. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
25. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-25. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
26. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-60. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
27. ^ National Federation of State High School Associations (2007-09-15). The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. 2007-08 NFHS Wrestling Rules Book. NFHS, p. The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States 47.  
28. ^ International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2006-12-01). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling. p. 10. FILA. The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Retrieved on 2007-08-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire
29. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2007-08-31). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. p. WR-14. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
30. ^ National Federation of State High School Associations (2007-09-15). The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. 2007-08 NFHS Wrestling Rules Book. NFHS, p. The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States 17.  

References

• International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (2007-08-31). The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, also known in French as Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA, is an international Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2008 NCAA Wrestling Rules and Interpretations. NCAA. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
• National Federation of State High School Associations (2007-09-15). The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. 2007-08 NFHS Wrestling Rules Book. NFHS. The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States  

External links

• International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA)
• TheMat.com - The Official Site of USA Wrestling
• InterMat
• The Wrestling Talk
• PA Wrestling Newsmagazine