Saraydüzü Casern in
Amasya (
currently undergoing reconstruction) where Amasya Circular was prepared and
telegraphed across Turkey
Amasya Circular (Turkish: Amasya Genelgesi or Amasya Tamimi) was a joint circular issued on 22 June 1919 in Amasya by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele and Ali Fuat Cebesoy, also approved by Kazım Karabekir based in Erzurum, that is considered as the first written document putting the Turkish War of Independence in motion. Amasya (Ἀμάσεια the Amaseia of antiquity or Αμάσεια Amáseia) is the administrative district of Amasya Province in northern Turkey Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Amasya (Ἀμάσεια the Amaseia of antiquity or Αμάσεια Amáseia) is the administrative district of Amasya Province in northern Turkey Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman Huseyin Rauf Orbay (1881&ndash 16 July 1964) was a Turkish Sailor and Statesman, born in Istanbul. Ali Fuat Cebesoy (born September 1882 İstanbul – death January 10 1968, İstanbul) was a Turkish officer politician and statesman Musa Kâzım Karabekir (1882 İstanbul – January 26, 1948, Ankara) was a Turkish general and politician Theodosiopolis redirects here it is also a name of the ancient city of Apros, Thrace The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed
The circular, distributed across Anatolia, declared Turkey's independence and integrity to be in danger and called for a national conference to be held in Sivas (Sivas Congress) and before that, for a preparatory congress comprising representatives from the eastern provinces of Anatolia to be held in Erzurum in July (Erzurum Congress). Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Sivas (the late-Classical and Medieval Sebastia, sometimes spelt Sebastea or Sebasteia, Greek: Σεβάστεια, Armenian Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas Theodosiopolis redirects here it is also a name of the ancient city of Apros, Thrace Erzurum Congress was an assembly of Turkish Revolutionaries held from 23 July to 4 August 1919 in the city of Erzurum, in eastern
See also
Amasya Protocol, signed on 22 October 1919 in the same city of Amasya Circular just after Sivas Congress between Mustafa Kemal Pasha Erzurum Congress was an assembly of Turkish Revolutionaries held from 23 July to 4 August 1919 in the city of Erzurum, in eastern Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed The Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was a political event that occurred after World War I. " The establishment of the Turkish national movement " explains the creation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Turkish revolutionaries ( Turkish: Kuvâyi Milliye or Kuvva-i Milliye) were Patriots of the Turkish national movement who rebelled against The Turkish National Movement encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries which resulted with the creation and shaping of the Republic The Chanak Crisis (or Affair) in September 1922 was the threatened attack on British and French troops stationed near Çanakkale (Chanak to The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century Malta exiles (Malta sürgünleri (between March 1919 October 1920 is the term for politicians high ranking soldiers (mainly administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire Outpost Society (Karakol Cemiyeti were secret societal organizations outside of yet within the Istanbul government whose purpose was to resist the efforts of Mustafa The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former The Khilafat movement (1919-1924 was a political campaign launched mainly by Muslims in South Asia to influence the British government and to protect the The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. This page will include the revolts against the Turkish Revolutionaries. The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye ( Ottoman Turkish: قوا انضباطيّه literally "Forces of Order" Turkish: Hilafet Ordusu, or "Caliphate The Revolt of Ahmet Aznavur was a revolt during the Turkish War of Independence. Koçkiri Rebellion was a rebellion of Alevi (Kurdish dominant uprising of the 1920 in the overwhelmingly militant Kizilbash Dersim region while waged Franco-Turkish war, more often called Cilicia war ( French: La guerre en Cilicie, Turkish: Güney Cephesi - the southern front Battle of Maraş (pronounced Marash) a part as well as a cornerstone in several respects of the Turkish War of Independence, is the comprehensive term used The Occupation of İzmir was the rule in the İzmir district by Greek forces under the High Commissioner Aristidis Stergiadis, aligned with the Allied The Battle of Aydın or "The defence of Aydın" (tr Aydın savunması) 27 June 1919 to 4 July 1919, was a series The First Battle of İnönü was the first battle of the in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922, part of Turkish War of Independence. The Second Battle of İnönü took place in March 1921 near the Turkish village of İnönü during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922. The Battle of Sakarya, also known as the Battle of Sangarios, was an important engagement in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922 and Turkish War of Independence The Battle of Dumlupınar was the last battle in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922 (part of the Turkish War of Independence) The Battle of Oltu was actually two battles the first ( 18 June to 25 June, 1920) was a battle between Armenian troops and local Turkish The Battle of Sarıkamış was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement The Battle of Kars was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which The Battle of Alexandropol was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA and Turkish Revolutionaries of the Turkish National Movement which The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. In the Conference of London, ( 12 February - 24 February 1920) following World War I, leaders of Britain France and Italy met to discuss the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The San Remo Conference was an international meeting of the post- The Second Constitutional Era (ايکنجى مشروطيت دورى İkinci Meşrûtiyyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Sultan Abdülhamid Misak-ı Millî ( English: National Oath or National Pact) is the set of six important decisions made by the last term of the Ottoman Parliament The Treaty of Sèvres ( 10 August 1920) was the Peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War Turkish revolutionaries ( Turkish: Kuvâyi Milliye or Kuvva-i Milliye) were Patriots of the Turkish national movement who rebelled against The Treaty of Alexandropol (Gümrü Antlaşması was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ending the The Treaty of Moscow or Treaty of Brotherhood was a friendship treaty between Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk The Conference of London ( 21 February and 12 March 1921 and March 1922 London Great Britain) of the post- World War I Allied Cilicia Peace Treaty ( March 9, 1921) was signed between France and the Turkish national movement to end the fighting in Cilicia war The Treaty of Ankara (or the Accord of Ankara; Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara) was signed on October 20, The Treaty of Kars (Kars Antlaşması Карсский договор / Karskiy dogovor) was a friendship treaty between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Conference of London ( 21 February and 12 March 1921 and March 1922 London Great Britain) of the post- World War I Allied The Armistice of Mudanya was an agreement between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain, signed in the town of Mudanya, Turkey on The Conference of Lausanne was a conference held in Lausanne, Switzerland during 1922 and 1923 The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning This chronology of the Turkish War of Independence is a timeline of events during the Turkish War of Independence ( May 19 1919 October 29
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