| Alytus | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Lithuania |
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| Ethnographic region | Dzūkija | ||
| County | Alytus County | ||
| Municipality | Alytus city municipality | ||
| Capital of | Alytus County Alytus city municipality Alytus district municipality |
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| First mentioned | 1377 | ||
| Granted city rights | 1581 | ||
| Population (2007) | |||
| - Total | 68 828 | ||
| - Rank | 6th | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Alytus_(Lithuania).svg.png)
Alytus (pronunciation ),is the capital of Alytus County in southern Lithuania. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Lithuania can be divided into historical and cultural regions (called Ethnographic regions Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->The territory of Lithuania Alytus County (Lithuanian Alytaus apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Municipalities of Lithuania Alytus County (Lithuanian Alytaus apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. The Alytus district municipality is a municipality in Lithuania, located in the Dzūkija ethnographic region Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with In Lithuania there are 103 cities (in Lithuanian: singular – miestas Plural – miestai Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time Alytus County (Lithuanian Alytaus apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Its population in 2007 was 68, 835. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region. Dzūkija (dzuːkɪˈjʌ or Dainava is one of five Ethnographic Regions of Lithuania. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River. "Nieman" and "Niemen" redirects here For other uses see Neman and Nieman (disambiguation. The major highways linking Vilnius, Kaunas, Lazdijai, and Hrodna in Belarus pass through Alytus. Kaunas ( ˈkoʊnəs is the second largest City in Lithuania and a former temporary capital. Lazdijai ( is a city in Lithuania located about east of the border with Poland. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east The distance from Alytus to Kaunas is 70 km (43 mi); the distance from Alytus to Vilnius is 105 km (65 mi).
Divided onto two separate entities for centuries, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II, the earlier being a smaller town and the latter forming the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas. Microdistrict, or microraion (микрорайо́н is a residential compound—a primary structural element of the Residential area construction in the
The city's historical and ethnic names include Latvian: Alīte, Polish: Olita, Yiddish: Olita or Alite, and Russian: Алитус. Latvian language (latviešu valoda is the official state language of Latvia. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages
History
The first historical record of Alytus dates back to 1377, when it was mentioned in the Chronicles of Wigand of Marburg under the name of Aliten. Wigand of Marburg (Wigand von Marburg was a German Herald of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia and one of the notable Chroniclers of According to the chronicle the spot was occupied by a small, wooden fortress guarding the Lithuanian frontier with the Teutonic Order. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. The fort and the surrounding village gradually grew, despite being frequently a target of raids of both the Lithuanians and the Teutons. The Treaty of Lake Melno left the town on the Teutonic side of the border, but it was retaken soon afterwards. The Treaty of Melno (Melno taika Pokój melneński or Treaty of Lake Melno (Friede von Melnosee was a Peace treaty ending the Gollub War. On June 15, 1581 Grand Duke of Lithuania Stefan Batory granted the town the city rights based on the Magdeburg Law. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje This article is about the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with The event is celebrated as the Alytus Day.
Until the Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the town was a part of the Trakai Voivodeship of Grand Duchy of Lithuania and a notable centre of commerce on the Nemunas River, serving as the main route for export goods from Lithuania proper. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship (Trakų vaivadija Województwo Trockie was a unit of administrative division and local government The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje "Nieman" and "Niemen" redirects here For other uses see Neman and Nieman (disambiguation. Lithuania proper (Lithuania propria Lietuva siaurąją prasme tikroji Lietuva, literally "Lithuania in a narrow sense" "Genuine Lithuania " The town was also important as the place where one of the royal economic offices was located. In the third partition of Poland and Lithuania, in 1795, the town was divided between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising During the Napoleonic Wars, following the treaty of Tilsit, the western part was ceded to the Duchy of Warsaw. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland in the town of Tilsit The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon After the Congress of Vienna it became part of the duchy's successor state, the Kingdom of Poland. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Although the state was tied with a personal union with Russia, both parts of the town remained completely separate until the January Uprising of 1863. The January Uprising ( Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m After that date the autonomy of Poland was liquidated, but both parts of the town remained governed separately.
In late 19th century the town was incorporated into a chain of Russian fortified garrisons along the border with East Prussia. East Prussia (Ostpreußen; Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Prusy Wschodnie Восточная Пруссия or Vostochnaya Prussiya) refers to the main part It was tied with the rest of the world by a railway and a new road. In addition, the tsarist authorities constructed several barracks and an Orthodox church (in modern times converted to a Catholic church). Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post However, despite the fortification effort by the Russians, during the World War I the Central Powers managed to capture the town intact, without any major skirmish. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Central Powers ( German: "Mittelmächte" Hungarian: "Központi hatalmak" Turkish: "İttifak In 1915 the town was incorporated into the so-called Ober-Ost and both parts were once again united into a single administrative entity - for the first time since 1795. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ober Ost is short for Oberbefehlshaber der gesamten Deutschen Streitkräfte im Osten, which is a German term meaning "Supreme Command of All German Forces in the East"
Following the end of World War I the area remained contested by newly-independent Poland and Lithuania, with the actual control held by the German army stationed in the area. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All When the Germans withdrew in early 1919, the town was seized by the Red Army. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya On February 12, 1919, the town became a battlefield for the first skirmish between the Russians and the Lithuanian forces, which eventually took control over it. Since then the town has been a part of the Republic of Lithuania. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the
Following the invasion of Poland a large prisoner of war camp for Polish soldiers was established in the city. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Following the German occupation of the city in 1941, the camp was converted into a prison camp for Soviet soldiers (Stalag 343). In the nearby forest of Vidzgiris the Nazis murdered approximately 60,000 people, mostly Jews from nearby towns in occupied Poland and Lithuania. [1]
External links
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