| Aluminium phosphide | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Other names | Aluminium(III) phosphide Aluminium monophosphide Phostoxin Fumitoxin |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [20859-73-8] |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | AlP |
| Molar mass | 58. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 0 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow or gray crystals |
| Density | 2. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 42 g/cm³, solid |
| Melting point |
>1000 °C |
| Solubility in water | soluble |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| EU classification | Toxic (T); Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| NFPA 704 |
 4
4
2
|
| Flash point | >800 °C |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Aluminium phosphide is the chemical compound with the formula AlP. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes This colourless solid is generally sold as a grey-green-yellow powder due to the presence of impurities arising hydrolysis and oxidation. Hydrolysis is a Chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state This material is a wide band gap semiconductor and is used as a fumigant. In Solid state physics and related applied fields a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states Fumigation is a method of Pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous Pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within
Contents |
Structure, synthesis, and properties
AlP crystallizes in the cubic zinc blende motif, wherein all atoms have tetrahedral coordination. A tetrahedron (plural tetrahedra) is a Polyhedron composed of four triangular faces three of which meet at each vertex. Related materials crystallize similarly, including GaAs. Gallium arsenide ( GaAs) is a compound of two elements Gallium and Arsenic.
Crude aluminium phosphide can be prepared in the laboratory by igniting a mixture of red phosphorus and powdered aluminium. [1]
Aluminium phosphide reacts with water or acids to release phosphine. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Phosphine is the common name for phosphorus hydride (PH3 also known by the IUPAC name phosphane and occasionally phosphamine. [2]
- AlP + 3 H2O → Al(OH)3 + PH3
- AlP + 3 H+ → Al3+ + PH3
Pesticide
AlP is used as a rodenticide, insecticide and fumigant for stored cereal grains. Rodenticides are a category of Pest control Chemicals intended to kill Rodents Single feed baits are chemicals sufficiently An insecticide is a Pesticide used against Insects in all developmental forms Fumigation is a method of Pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous Pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within It is used to kill small verminous mammals such as moles, rabbits, and rodents. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world Rodentia is an order of Mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously-growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must The tablets or pellets typically also contain other chemicals which evolve ammonia which helps to reduce the potential for spontaneous ignition or explosion of the phosphine gas. Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor An explosion is a sudden increase in Volume and release of Energy in an extreme manner usually with the generation of high Temperatures and the release Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade phosphine has a highly unpleasant odor like garlic or rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphine (P2H4).
As a rodenticide, aluminium phosphide pellets are provided as a mixture of food for the consumption by the rodents. Rodenticides are a category of Pest control Chemicals intended to kill Rodents Single feed baits are chemicals sufficiently The acid in the digestive system of the rodent reacts with the phosphide to generate the toxic phosphine gas. Other pesticides similar to aluminium phosphide are zinc phosphide and calcium phosphide. Zinc phosphide ( Zn3[[Phosphorus P2]] is an Inorganic Chemical compound. Calcium phosphide ( CP, Ca3P2 is a chemical that has uses in Incendiary bombs It has the appearance of red-brown crystalline powder or grey lumps
As a rodenticide, aluminium phosphide can be encountered under names eg. Celphos, Fumitoxin, Phostoxin, and Quick Phos.
Semiconductor applications
Industrially, AlP is a semiconductor material that is usually alloyed with other binary materials for applications in devices such as light-emitting diodes (e. A semiconductor' is a Solid material that has Electrical conductivity in between a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has g. aluminium gallium indium phosphide). Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (, also AlInGaP, InGaAlP, etc [3]
References
- ^ Wayne E. White, A. H. Bushey (1953). "Aluminum Phosphide". Inorganic Syntheses 4: 23–25. Inorganic Syntheses is a book series which aims to publish "detailed and foolproof" procedures for the synthesis of inorganic compounds doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Holleman, A. F. ; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- ^ D. E. C. Corbridge "Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology" 5th Edition Elsevier: Amsterdam 1995. ISBN 0-444-89307-5.