Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Allura Red AC
IUPAC name disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-
methoxy-5-methyl-4-
sulfophenyl)azo)-2-
naphthalene-sulfonate
Other names Allura Red,
Food Red 17,
C. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general I. 16035,
FD&C Red 40,
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, or
disodium salt.
Identifiers
CAS number [025956-17-6]
Properties
Appearance dark red powder
Melting point

>300°C
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Allura Red AC is a red azo dye that goes by several names including: Allura Red, Food Red 17, C. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Azo compounds are compounds bearing the Functional group R-N=N-R' in which R and R' can be either Aryl or Alkyl. I. 16035, FD&C Red 40[1][2], 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt, and disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalene-sulfonate. It is used as a food dye and has the E number E129. A food coloring is any substance that is added to Food or Drink to change its Color. E numbers are number codes for Food additives and are usually found on Food labels throughout the European Union. Allura Red AC was originally introduced in the United States as a replacement for the use of E123 as a food coloring. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Amaranth, FD&C Red No 2, E123, CI Food Red 9, Acid Red 27, Azorubin S, or C A food coloring is any substance that is added to Food or Drink to change its Color. Its CAS registry number is 025956-17-6. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to

It has the appearance of a dark red powder. Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength It usually comes as a sodium salt, but can also be used as both calcium and potassium salts. It is soluble in water. In water solution, its maximum absorbance lies at about 504 nm. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Chemistry, a solution is a Homogeneous Mixture composed of two or more substances In Spectroscopy, the absorbance A is defined as A_\lambda = -\log_{10}(I/I_0\ where I is the intensity of light Its melting point is at >300 degrees Celsius. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale.

Allura Red AC is one of many High Production Volume Chemicals. The High Production Volume Chemicals Programme (HPV Programme is an international programme which aims to assess the potential hazard of chemicals that are produced in high volumes Some manufacturers of Allura Red AC include: Asim Products, Sanchi Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. , and Warner-Jenkinson Europe Ltd.

Despite the popular misconception, Allura Red AC is not derived from the cochineal insect. Cochineal is the name of both Crimson or Carmine Dye and the cochineal insect ( Dactylopius coccus) a scale Red AC is derived from coal tar. Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high Viscosity, which smells of Naphthalene and Aromatic hydrocarbons Coal tar is among the by-products when coal However, the red coloring carmine is derived from the female Dactylopius coccus, a South and Central American beetle. Cochineal is the name of both Crimson or Carmine Dye and the cochineal insect ( Dactylopius coccus) a scale

Related dyes include Sunset Yellow FCF, Scarlet GN, tartrazine, and Orange B. Possible health effects Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen which Scarlet GN, or CI Food Red 2, Ponceau SX, FD&C Red No 4, or C Orange B is a Food dye from the Azo dye group It is approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA for use only in Hot dog and Sausage

Contents

Health effects

Allura Red AC in sweets
Allura Red AC in sweets
Allura Red AC in strawberry soda-pop
Allura Red AC in strawberry soda-pop

Allura Red AC has fewer health risks associated with it in comparison to other azo dyes. However, some studies have found some adverse health effects that may be associated with the dye.

Behavioral and neurological effects

On 6 September 2007, the British Food Standards Agency revised advice on certain artificial food additives, including E129. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started The Food Standards Agency is a Non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

Professor Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, and author of the report, said: "This has been a major study investigating an important area of research. The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. Hyperactivity can be described as a physical state in which a person is abnormally and easily excitable or exuberant

"However, parents should not think that simply taking these additives out of food will prevent hyperactive disorders. We know that many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid. "

The following additives were tested in the research:

The study found that increased levels of hyperactivity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and lower IQ were observed in children. Azorubine, carmoisine, Food Red 3, Azorubin S, Brillantcarmoisin O, Acid Red 14, or C Ponceau 4R (also known as Food Red 7, CI 16255, Cochineal Red A, New Coccine, Acid Red 18, SX purple) is a synthetic Sodium benzoate ( E211) also called benzoate of soda, has Chemical formula NaC6H5CO2 Allura Red AC is a red Azo dye that goes by several names including Allura Red Food Red 17 C Hyperactivity can be described as a physical state in which a person is abnormally and easily excitable or exuberant Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder affecting about 3-5% of the world's population An Intelligence Quotient or IQ is a score derived from one of several different Standardized tests attempting to measure Intelligence. [4][5] Based on the study, the UK agency advises that cutting certain artificial colors (Sunset Yellow, Quinoline Yellow, Carmoisine, Allura Red, Tartrazine, and Ponceau 4R) from hyperactive children's diets might have some beneficial effects. Quinoline Yellow is a yellow/lime green dye Quinoline Yellow has two forms Quinoline Yellow SS, spirit soluble Quinoline Yellow WS, Azorubine, carmoisine, Food Red 3, Azorubin S, Brillantcarmoisin O, Acid Red 14, or C Ponceau 4R (also known as Food Red 7, CI 16255, Cochineal Red A, New Coccine, Acid Red 18, SX purple) is a synthetic [5]

On 10 April 2008, the Foods Standard Agency called for a voluntary removal of the colors (but not sodium benzoate) by 2009. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama [6] In addition, it recommended that there should be action to phase them out in food and drink in the European Union (EU) over a specified period. [7]

Carcinogen

Upon its introduction into the market, there were fears that Allura Red AC was carcinogenic; however, studies have since shown that this is not the case. The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation The initial reports of its consumption causing tumors have since been shown to have been caused by the presence of para-cresidine. para -Cresidine is an Intermediate that is used to create dyes and pigments Although para-cresidine is an important reactant in the manufacture of Allura Red AC and is a known carcinogen, further studies conducted since have found no trace of para-cresidine to be present in food-grade Allura Red AC.

Other health effects

Taken orally, it has induced a positive reaction for hypersensitivity in 15% of human subjects in an experiment conducted on 52 people.

Allura Red AC may cause an adverse reaction in the small number of people with an aspirin intolerance or allergy, manifesting itself as a skin rash (urticaria) and/or nausea. Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Allergy is a disorder of the Immune system often also referred to as Atopy.

Regulation

In Europe, Allura Red AC is not recommended for consumption by children. It is banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich [8] The European Union approves Allura Red AC as a food colorant, but EU countries' local laws banning food colorants are preserved. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in [9] In Norway it was banned between 1978 and 2001, a period in which azo dyes were only legally used in alcoholic beverages and some fish products. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional [10]

In the United States, Allura Red AC is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in cosmetics, drugs, and food. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an It is used in some tattoo inks and is used in many products, such as soft drinks, children's medications, and cotton candy. A tattoo is a permanent marking made by inserting ink into the layers of Skin to change the pigment for decorative or other reasons Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or

References

  1. ^ Henkel, John (December 1993). From Shampoo to Cereal: Seeing to the Safety of Color Additives. FDA Consumer. US Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.  “allura Red AC - the common name for uncertified FD&C Red No. 40”
  2. ^ Food Color Facts. US Food and Drug Administration (January 1993). Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.  “Name/Common Name[:] FD&C Red No. 40[/]Allura Red AC”
  3. ^ Parents warned of additives link
  4. ^ Graham Tibbetts. "Artificial colourings as harmful as leaded petrol for children", Telegraph, 7 April 2008
  5. ^ a b Agency revises advice on certain artificial colours. Food Standards Agency (2007-09-11). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Retrieved on 2008-04-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama
  6. ^ BBC Europe-wide food colour ban call 10 April 2008
  7. ^ FSA Board discusses colours advice 10 April 2008
  8. ^ "E129", UK Food Guide, a British food additives website. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Last retrieved 20 May, 2007.
  9. ^ European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC of 30 June 1994 on colours for use in foodstuffs
  10. ^ Norwegian Food Safety Authority

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic