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An allergen is a nonparasitic antigen capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals. Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between Organisms of different Species. An antigen (from antibody-generating) or immunogen is a substance that prompts the generation of Antibodies and can cause an immune response Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction refers to undesirable (damaging discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal reactions produced by the normal immune system Atopy (/ˈætəpi/ Greek ἀτοπία - placelessness or atopic syndrome is an allergic Hypersensitivity affecting parts of the body [1]

Most humans mount significant IgE responses only as a defense against parasitic infections. In Biology, Immunoglobulin E ( IgE) is a class of Antibody (or Immunoglobulin " Isotype " that has only been found in However, some individuals mount an IgE response against common environmental antigens. An antigen (from antibody-generating) or immunogen is a substance that prompts the generation of Antibodies and can cause an immune response This hereditory predisposition is called atopy. Atopy (/ˈætəpi/ Greek ἀτοπία - placelessness or atopic syndrome is an allergic Hypersensitivity affecting parts of the body In atopic individuals, non-parasitic antigens stimulate inappropriate IgE production, leading to type I hypersensitivity. Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity) is an allergic reaction provoked by reexposure to a specific type of Antigen referred to as an Allergen Sensitivities vary from one person to another and it is possible to be allergic to an extraordinary range of substances.

Contents

Types of allergies

Dust, pollen and pet dander are all common allergens, but it is possible to be allergic to anything from chlorine to perfume. Dust is a general name for minute Solid particles with Diameters less than 500 micrometers. Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of Dander is material shed from the body of various animals similar to Dandruff or pet pollen Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living Food allergies are not as common as food sensitivity, but some foods such as peanuts (really a legume), nuts, seafood and shellfish are the cause of serious allergies in many people. Food intolerance or food sensitivity is a negative reaction to a Food that may or may not be related to the Immune system or to Food poisoning The peanut, or Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the Legume family Fabaceae native to South America, Mexico A legume is a Plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae or a Fruit of these specific plants Nut is a general term for the large dry oily Seeds or Fruit of some Plants. Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such Shellfish is a Culinary and Fisheries term for those aquatic Invertebrate animals that are used as Food: various species of molluscs

Officially, the Food and Drug Administration does recognize 8 foods as being common for allergic reactions in a large segment of the sensitive population, which includes, peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, milk, shellfish, fish, wheat and their derivatives, soy and their derivatives, and sulphites (chemical based, often found in flavors and colors in foods) at 10ppm and over. See the FDA website for complete details. It should be noted that other countries, due to differences in genetic profiles of its citizens and different levels of exposure to different foods, the "official" allergen list will change. Canada recognizes all eight of the allergens recognized by the US, and also recognizes sesame seeds. [2]

A few people have been recorded to be allergic to certain chemicals found in almost all water, and even water itself (see Aquagenic pruritus). Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Aquagenic pruritus is a skin disease characterized by the development of severe intense prickling-like epidermal itching that is without observable skin Lesions

Poison ivy is a plant that will cause an allergic reaction in 70-85% of humans. But, given enough repeated contact—like any allergy, most human bodies will learn to fight the allergen. Allergy is a disorder of the Immune system often also referred to as Atopy.

An allergic reaction can be caused by any form of direct contact with the allergen—eating or drinking a food you are sensitive to (ingestion), breathing in pollen, perfume or pet dander (inhalation), or brushing your body against an allergy-causing plant (direct contact, generally resulting in hives). Other common causes of serious allergy are wasp, fire ant and bee stings, penicillin, and latex. A wasp is any Insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a Bee nor Ant. Fire ants, (referred to as red ants in the UK) are stinging Ants with over 280 species worldwide Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of Bacterial Infections LaTeX (ˈleɪtɛ An extremely serious form of an allergic reaction, which can kill in mere minutes, is called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is an acute systemic (multi-system and severe Type I Hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other Mammals One form of treatment is the administration of sterile epinephrine (via "Epi-Pen") to the person experiencing anaphylaxis, which suppresses the body's overreaction to the food ingested, and allows for time to be transported to a medical facility (it does not "cure" the allergic reaction).

Common allergens

SEM of miscellaneous plant pollens. Pollens are very common allergens.
SEM of miscellaneous plant pollens. The scanning electron microscope ( SEM) is a type of Electron microscope that images the sample surface by scanning it with a high-energy beam of Electrons Pollens are very common allergens.
The house dust mite, its feces and chitin are common allergens around the home
The house dust mite, its feces and chitin are common allergens around the home

In addition to foreign proteins found in foreign serum (from blood transfusions) and vaccines, common allergens include:

See also

References

  1. ^ Goldsby, Richard A. The house dust mite (sometimes abbreviated by Allergists to HDM) is a cosmopolitan guest in Human habitation Chitin ( C 8 H 13 O 5 N)n (ˈkaɪtən is a long-chain Polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine Blood transfusion is the process of transferring Blood or blood-based products from one person into the Circulatory system of another A vaccine is a biological preparation which is used to establish or improve immunity to a particular disease The Protein Fel d 1, produced largely by Cat Saliva Cat allergy in humans is an allergic reaction to Cat glycoprotein Fel d 1 secreted by the cat's Sebaceous glands. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. Dander is material shed from the body of various animals similar to Dandruff or pet pollen Cockroaches (or simply "roaches" are Insects of the order Blattaria. The house dust mite (sometimes abbreviated by Allergists to HDM) is a cosmopolitan guest in Human habitation A drug allergy is an Allergy to a Drug, most commonly a Medication. Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of Bacterial Infections There are several sulfonamide-based groups of drugs The original antibacterial sulfonamides (sometimes called simply sulfa drugs are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide Salicylic acid (from the Latin word for the willow tree Salix, from whose bark it can be obtained is a Beta hydroxy acid (BHA with the formula The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible Local anesthesia and a loss of Nociception. A food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food protein See also Wild celery Apium graveolens is a plant species in the family Apiaceae, and yielding celery and Celeriac Celeriac ( Apium graveolens Rapaceum Group is also known as 'celery root' 'turnip-rooted celery' or 'knob celery' Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Egg allergy is a type of Food allergy. It is a Hypersensitivity to dietary substances from the yolk or whites of eggs, causing an overreaction Albumen redirects here For other uses see Albumen (disambiguation. Fruit allergy is a type of Food allergy. Fruit allergy is a relatively rare allergy given that ninety percent of food allergies are caused by other foods Pumpkin is a Gourd -like squash of the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae (which also includes gourds A legume is a Plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae or a Fruit of these specific plants Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal A pea (inaccurately called a '''sweet pea''' by food distubutors is most commonly the small spherical Seed or the seed-pod of the Legume Pisum Peanut allergy is a type of Food allergy, distinct from nut allergies. Seafood allergy is a type of Food allergy. It is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from Shellfish, scaly Fish, or Crustaceans Sesame ( Sesamum indicum) is a Flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. Soy allergy is a type of Food allergy. "Soy allergy" ( U The Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis, commonly misspelled illinoensis) is a species of Hickory, native to south-central North America The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L Wheat Allergy, also known as wheat hypersensitivity is most commonly a Food allergy, but can also be a respiratory or contact allergy resulting Insect sting allergy is the term commonly given to the allergic response of an animal in response to the bite or sting of an Insect. Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea This article is about the class of Biotoxins For other uses see Venom (disambiguation and Venomous (disambiguation. A wasp is any Insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a Bee nor Ant. Mosquitoes are insects in the family Culicidae. They have a pair of scaled wings a pair of Halteres, a slender body and long legs In Biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions Latex allergy is a medical term encompassing a range of Allergic reactions to natural Rubber Latex. The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of Hay Fever is a comic play written by Noel Coward in 1924 and first produced in 1925 with Marie Tempest as the first Judith Bliss Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include Ryegrass ( Lolium) is a genus of nine species of tufted Grasses family Poaceae. Timothy-Bailey ( Phleum pratense) is an abundant perennial grass native to most of Europe except for the Mediterranean region WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format Ragweeds ( Ambrosia) also called bitterweeds and bloodweeds, are a Genus of flowering Plants from the sunflower Plantago is a Genus of about 200 species of small inconspicuous plants commonly called plantains. Nettle is the common name for between 30-45 species of Flowering plants of the genus Urtica in the family Urticaceae, with a cosmopolitan though Artemisia vulgaris ( mugwort or common wormwood) is one of several species in the genus Artemisia with names containing mugwort Chenopodium album is a fast-growing Weedy Annual plant in the genus Chenopodium. Common sorrel ( Rumex acetosa) also known as spinach dock, is a perennial herb that is cultivated as a garden Herb or A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Alder is the common name of a Genus of Flowering plants ( Alnus) belonging to the Birch family (Family Betulaceae) The hazels ( Corylus) are a genus of Deciduous Trees and large Shrubs native to the temperate northern hemisphere Plants in the genus Carpinus ( Cár-pi-nus) are commonly called Hornbeams. For the South African Thoroughbred racehorse see Horse Chestnut (horse. Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of Flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. Platanus is a small genus of Trees native to the Northern Hemisphere. Tilia is a Genus of about 30 species of Trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in Asia (where the greatest Olea is a Genus of about 20 species in the family Oleaceae, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of southern Europe, Africa Juniperus ashei ( Ashe Juniper) is a Drought -tolerant evergreen Shrub or small Tree, native to northeastern Mexico Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are A bioaerosol is a biological Aerosol. These particles are very small and range in size from less than one micrometer (0 Eczema (from Greek έκζεμα) is a form of Dermatitis, or Inflammation of the Epidermis. The eggshell skull rule (or thin-skull rule) is a Legal doctrine used in both Tort law and Criminal law that holds an individual liable Hypoallergenic is a term coined by advertisers (based on the Greek prefix Hypo meaning "below normal" or "slightly" and first used in a cosmetics A toxin ( Greek:, toxikon, lit (poison for use on arrows is a Poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms that is active at very low Immunodiagnostics is a diagnostic methodology that uses an antigen-antibody reaction as their primary means of detection et al. ,Immunology. 5th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2000.
  2. ^ Health Canada: Food Allergies. Retrieved on 2007-06-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits
  3. ^ Bublin M; Radauer C; Wilson IBH; Kraft D; Scheiner O; Breiteneder H & Hoffmann-Sommergruber K (2003), “Cross-reactive N-glycans of Api g 5, a high molecular weight glycoprotein allergen from celery, are required for immunoglobulin E binding and activation of effector cells from allergic patients”, FASEB 17: 1697–1699, <http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/17/12/1697> 

Dictionary

allergen

-noun

  1. A substance which causes an allergic reaction.
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