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Allen Welsh Dulles
Allen Welsh Dulles
In office
February 26, 1953 – November 29, 1961
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
John F. Kennedy
Preceded by Walter Bedell Smith
Succeeded by John McCone
Born April 7, 1893
Watertown, New York
Died January 29, 1969 (aged 75)

Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was the first civilian and the longest serving (1953-1961) Director of Central Intelligence (de-facto head of the U. The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI was established by U Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of General Walter Bedell "Beetle" Smith GBE KCB ( October 5, 1895 – August 9, 1961) was Dwight Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Watertown (town New York Watertown is a city in the State of New York and the County seat of Jefferson County Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI was established by U S. Central Intelligence Agency) and a member of the Warren Commission. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as The Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963 Between stints of government service, Dulles was a corporate lawyer and partner at Sullivan & Cromwell. Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, an international Law firm headquartered in New York, is one of the world's most profitable and prestigious law firms

Contents

Early life and family

Allen Dulles was born on April 7, 1893, in Watertown, New York, and grew up in a family where public service was valued and world affairs were a common topic of discussion. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Watertown (town New York Watertown is a city in the State of New York and the County seat of Jefferson County Dulles was the son of a Presbyterian minister, the younger brother of John Foster Dulles, Eisenhower's Secretary of State and Chairman and Senior Partner of Sullivan & Cromwell, and the grandson of John W. Foster, another U. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity John Foster Dulles ( February 25, 1888 &ndash May 24, 1959) served as U Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, an international Law firm headquartered in New York, is one of the world's most profitable and prestigious law firms John Watson Foster ( March 2, 1836 – November 15, 1917) was an American military man journalist and diplomat S. Secretary of State and brother to diplomat Eleanor Lansing Dulles. Eleanor Lansing Dulles ( June 1, 1895 - October 30, 1996) was an author teacher and United States Government employee His uncle (by marriage) Robert Lansing also was a U. For the actor see Robert Lansing (actor. Robert Lansing ( October 17, 1864 &ndash October 30, 1928 S. Secretary of State. [1] His nephew, Avery Dulles, is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a Jesuit priest and noted theologian who teaches and resides at Fordham University in The Bronx, New York. Avery Dulles SJ (born August 24, 1918) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and currently the Laurence J A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Fordham University is a private University in the United States, with three campuses located in and around New York City. He graduated from Princeton University, and in 1916 entered the diplomatic service. Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. Dulles was serving in Switzerland and was responsible for reviewing and rejecting Lenin's application for a visa to the United States. In 1926 he earned a law degree from George Washington University and took a job at the New York firm where his brother, John Foster Dulles, was a partner. The George Washington University ( GW or GWU) is a private coeducational university located in Washington D John Foster Dulles ( February 25, 1888 &ndash May 24, 1959) served as U

Background in intelligence

Dulles was appointed by William J. Donovan to become head of operations in New York for the Coordinator of Information (COI), which was set up in Room 3603 of Rockefeller Center, taking over offices staffed by Britain's MI6. "Wild Bill Donovan" redirects here For the Baseball Pitcher and manager see William Edward Donovan. The Office of the Coordinator of Information was an intelligence agency of the United States Government, founded on July_11, 1941 by President Franklin Rockefeller Center is a complex of 19 commercial buildings covering 22 acres between 48th and 51st streets in New York City. The Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS) colloquially known as MI6 is the United Kingdom 's external Intelligence agency. The COI was the precursor to the Office of Strategic Services, renamed in 1942. The Office of Strategic Services ( OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II.

During the 1930s Allen Dulles gained much experience in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. An early foe of Adolf Hitler, Dulles was transferred from Britain to Berne, Switzerland for the rest of World War II, and notably was heavily involved in the controversial and secret Operation Sunrise. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately The city of Berne or Bern (, Berne, Berna, Romansh: Berna, Bernese German: Bärn) is the Bundesstadt ( Federal Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During World War II, Operation Crossword or Operation Sunrise was a series of secret negotiations conducted in March 1945 in Switzerland between representatives He is featured in the classic Soviet TV series Seventeen Moments of Spring for his role in that operation. Seventeen Moments of Spring ( 1973) ("Семнадцать мгновений весны" in Russian) also Seventeen Instants of Spring Dulles became the station chief in Berne, Switzerland, for the newly formed Office of Strategic Services (the precursor to the CIA), a logical one. The Office of Strategic Services ( OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. Dulles supplied his government with much sensitive information about Nazi Germany. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

Dulles worked on intelligence regarding German plans and activities. Dulles established wide contacts with German émigrés, resistance figures, and anti-Nazi intelligence officers (who linked him, through Hans Bernd Gisevius, to the tiny but daring opposition to Hitler in Germany itself). Hans Bernd Gisevius ( July 14, 1904 &ndash February 23, 1974) was a German Diplomat and intelligence officer during Although Washington barred Dulles from making firm commitments to the plotters of the 20 July 1944 attempt to assassinate Hitler, the conspirators nonetheless gave him reports on developments in Germany, including sketchy but accurate warnings of plans for Hitler’s V-1 and V-2 missiles. The Fieseler Fi 103, better known as V-1 (German Vergeltungswaffe 1 was an early Cruise missile used during World War Two See also Vergeltungswaffe The V-2 rocket ( Vergeltungswaffe 2 was the first Ballistic missile and first man-made object to achieve

Dulles's career was jump-started by the information provided by Fritz Kolbe, a German diplomat and a foe of the Nazis. Fritz Kolbe ( September 25, 1900 - February 16, 1971) was a German Diplomat who became America's most important spy Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Kolbe supplied secret documents regarding active German spies and plans regarding the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In 1945, he played a central role in negotiations leading to the unconditional capitulation of German troops in Italy.

After the war in Europe, Dulles served for six months as the OSS Berlin station chief. In 1947, Congress created the Central Intelligence Agency. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Dulles was closely involved with its development. His translator at this time was Henry Kissinger, who worked for Army Intelligence. Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973

Dulles' CIA Operation Paperclip assimilated Nazi scientists into the American establishment by obscuring their histories and short circuiting efforts to bring their true stories to light. Operation Paperclip (also Project Paperclip) was the code name for the O The project was led by officers in the United States Army. Although the program officially ended in September 1947, those officers and others carried out a conspiracy until the mid-fifties that bypassed both law and presidential directive to keep Paperclip going. Neither Presidents Truman nor Eisenhower were informed that their instructions were ignored. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general

In the 1948 Presidential election, Allen Dulles was Republican nominee Thomas E. Dewey's chief advisor. The United States presidential election of 1948 is considered by most Historians as the greatest election Upset in American history. Thomas Edmund Dewey ( March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1955 and the unsuccessful Republican The Dulles brothers and James Forrestal helped form the Office of Policy Coordination. James Vincent Forrestal ( February 15, 1892 &ndash May 22, 1949) was a United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United The Office of Policy Coordination (OPC was a US covert Psychological operations and paramilitary actions organization completely separate from the Central Intelligence Under President Eisenhower, Dulles became CIA director.

CIA career

In 1953, Dulles became the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence, which had been formed in 1947 as part of the National Security Act; earlier directors had been military officers. The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI was established by U The Agency's covert operations were an important part of the Eisenhower administration's new Cold War national security policy known as the "New Look". Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the National security is the entire scope of measures undertaken by the Governments of Nation-states in providing assurance of national Sovereignty Under Dulles's direction, the CIA created MK-Ultra, a top secret mind control research project which was managed by Sidney Gottlieb. Mind control is a broad range of psychological tactics able to subvert an individual's control of his own thinking, behavior emotions or decisions Sidney Gottlieb ( August 3, 1918 – March 7, 1999) was an American Military psychiatrist Dulles also personally oversaw Operation Mockingbird, a program which influenced American media companies as part of the "New Look". Operation Mockingbird was a secret Central Intelligence Agency campaign to influence domestic and foreign media beginning in the 1950s

At Dulles' request, President Eisenhower demanded that Senator Joseph McCarthy discontinue issuing subpoenas against the CIA. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14 1908 – May 2 1957 was an American politician who served as a Republican U A subpoena (səˈpiːnə is commonly defined as a written command to a person to Testify before a Court or be punished In March, McCarthy had initiated a series of investigations into potential communist subversion of the Agency. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Although none of the investigations revealed any wrongdoing, the hearings were still potentially damaging, not only to the CIA's reputation but also to the security of sensitive information. Documents made public in 2004 revealed that the CIA had broken into McCarthy's Senate office and intentionally fed disinformation to him in order to discredit him. [2]

In the early 1950s the U.S. Air Force conducted a competition for a new photo reconnaissance aircraft. Lockheed Aircraft Corporation's Skunk Works submitted a design number called the CL-282, which married sailplane-like wings to the body of a supersonic interceptor. The Lockheed Corporation (originally Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company was an American aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta This aircraft was rejected by the Air Force, but several of the civilians on the review board took notice, and Edwin Land presented a proposal for the aircraft to Dulles. Edwin Herbert Land ( May 7 1909  &ndash March 1 1991) was an American Scientist and inventor. The aircraft became what is known as the U-2 spy plane, and it was initially operated by CIA pilots. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Its introduction into operational service in 1957 greatly enhanced the CIA's ability to monitor Soviet activity through overhead photo surveillance. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Ironically, the aircraft eventually entered service with the Air force, who still operate it today.

At the direction of President Eisenhower, Dulles established Operation 40, comprised of 40 officials and agents whose primary area of operations was the Caribbean region, including Cuba. Operation 40 was a Central Intelligence Agency -sponsored undercover operation in the early 1960s which was active in the Caribbean (including Cuba) The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la On 4th March, 1960, La Coubre, a ship flying a Belgian flag, exploded in Havana Bay. It was loaded with arms and ammunition destined for the armed forces of the government of Fidel Castro. The explosion killed 75 people and over 200 were injured. Fabian Escalante, an officer of the Department of State Security (G-2), later claimed that this was the first successful act carried out by Operation 40.

Operation 40 not only was involved in sabotage operations but also, in fact, evolved into a team of assassins. One member, Frank Sturgis, claimed: "this assassination group (Operation 40) would upon orders, naturally, assassinate either members of the military or the political parties of the foreign country that you were going to infiltrate, and if necessary some of your own members who were suspected of being foreign agents. Frank Anthony Sturgis (December 9 1924 – December 4 1993 born Frank Angelo Fiorini, was one of the Watergate burglars . . We were concentrating strictly in Cuba at that particular time. "

Over the next few years Operation 40 worked closely with several anti-Castro Cuban organizations including Alpha 66. Alpha 66 is a Paramilitary group formed by Cuban exiles in Puerto Rico opposed to the Cuban government led by Fidel Castro in 1961 CIA officials and freelance agents such as William Harvey, Thomas G. Clines, Porter Goss, Gerry Patrick Hemming, E. Howard Hunt, David Sánchez Morales, Carl Elmer Jenkins, Bernard Barker, Barry Seal, Frank Sturgis, William Robert Plumlee ("Tosh" Plumlee), and William C. William King "Bill" Harvey ( September 13, 1915 in Danville Indiana - June 1976 was a CIA officer, best known for his role in Thomas G Clines was a Central Intelligence Agency covert operations agent who was a prominent figure in the Iran-Contra Affair. Porter Johnston Goss (born December 10 1938) is an American politician, who was the last Director of Central Intelligence and the first Gerald Patrick Hemming Jr (March 1 1937 &ndash January 28 2008 Fayetteville North Carolina) was a former U Everette Howard Hunt Jr ( October 9 1918 – January 23 2007) was an American Author and spy. David Sánchez Morales ( August 26, 1925 - May 8, 1978) was a CIA operative who worked in Cuba. Carl Elmer Jenkins (born October 1, 1926) is a retired Central Intelligence Agency officer Bernard Leon Barker (born 17 March 1917) was a former member of the Cuban secret police under the Batista regime Adler Berriman Seal, or "Barry Seal" ( July 16, 1939 – February 19, 1986) was a pilot with the Central Intelligence Frank Anthony Sturgis (December 9 1924 – December 4 1993 born Frank Angelo Fiorini, was one of the Watergate burglars William Robert Plumlee (b November 25, 1937) in Panama City Florida - American CIA pilot known as "Tosh" and also as William Bishop also joined the project.

Dulles went on to be successful with the CIA's first attempts at removing foreign leaders by covert means. Notably, the elected Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran was deposed in 1953 (via Operation Ajax), and President Arbenz of Guatemala was removed in 1954. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Mohammad Mosaddeq ( (, pronounced mosæddeq}} also Mosaddegh or Mossadegh) ( May 19 1882 – 5 March 1967) was a major For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The 1953 Iranian Coup d'état deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabinet, it was effected by Gen President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Colonel Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán ( September 14, 1913 &ndash January 27, 1971) was the President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954 when Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest The Guatemalan coup was called Operation PBSUCCESS. The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état was a Covert operation organized by the United States Central Intelligence Agency to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán Dulles was on the board of the United Fruit Company. The United Fruit Company was a major United States Corporation that traded tropical Fruit (primarily Bananas and Pineapples grown Dulles saw these kind of clandestine activities as an essential part of the struggle against communism.

During the Kennedy Administration, Dulles faced increasing criticism. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of The failed Bay of Pigs Invasion and several failed assassination plots utilizing CIA-recruited operatives from the Mafia and anti-Castro Cubans directly against Fidel Castro undermined the CIA's credibility, and pro-American but unpopular regimes in Iran and Guatemala that he helped put in place were widely regarded as brutal and corrupt. The Bay of Pigs Invasion (aka Playa Girón) was an unsuccessful attempt by a U AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra) is a Sicilian Criminal Secret society which is believed to have first developed in the mid-19th century Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until The reputation of the agency and its director declined after the Bay of Pigs Invasion fiasco; he and his staff (including Director for Plans Richard Bissell and Deputy Director Charles Cabell) were forced to resign (September 1961). The Bay of Pigs Invasion (aka Playa Girón) was an unsuccessful attempt by a U The Director of the National Clandestine Service (D/NCS (formerly the Deputy Director for Operations DDO is a senior United States government official in the U Richard Bissell may refer to Richard M Bissell Jr (1909-1994 CIA Director for Plans Richard Pike Bissell (1913-1977 author/playwright Charles Pearre Cabell ( 11 October, 1903 in Dallas Texas – 25 May, 1971 in Arlington Virginia) was an United States President Kennedy did not trust the CIA, and he reportedly intended to dismantle it after the Bay of Pigs failure. Kennedy said he wanted to "splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter it into the winds. "[3] Ironically, Dulles was later appointed to the Warren Commission, the official government investigation of the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as The Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963 John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of

Later life

Dulles published the book The Craft of Intelligence (ISBN 1-59228-297-0) in 1963.

On November 29, 1963, President Lyndon Johnson appointed Dulles as one of seven commissioners of the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of the U.S. President John F. Kennedy. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as The Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963 The assassination of John F Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday November 22 1963 in Dallas Texas

Despite his knowledge of the several assassination plots by the CIA against Castro, he is not documented to have mentioned these plots to any investigating authorities during the Warren Commission.

In 1969 Dulles died of influenza, complicated by pneumonia, at the age of 75. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal He was buried in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland. Green Mount Cemetery is a historic Cemetery located in Baltimore Maryland, United States.

"Dulles' Plan"

Since the late 1970s, anti-Western publications in Russia have referred to the so-called Dulles' Plan (Russian: план Даллеса). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending It is to be believed the text of a secret plan to destroy the self-consciousness of the Russian people through the ideological manipulation of the population by means of a "fifth column" and the corruption of nation's morals. A fifth column is a group of people who clandestinely undermine a larger group to which it is expected to be loyal such as a Nation. [4] The source of "Dulles' Plan" text is never quoted. Some speculate, it might have been Allen Dulles' speech to the US Congress, a secret report by him or a passage from one of his books written between 1945 - 1953. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses There are no known speeches or writings of Dulles that contain portions or in whole of the "Dulles' Plan". However, the entire text almost word-by word repeats the words spoken by a character in the second edition of The Eternal Call (Russian: Вечный зов), a novel by Anatoly Ivanov. [5].

In modern Russia, despite the public knowlage of the fact of the forgery of "Dulles' Plan" the text is quoted by prominent Russian politicians (e. g. , Vladimir Zhirinovsky[6][7], Nikolay Kondratenko[8], Sergey Glazyev[9][10]), as well as the government press, TV, Russian Orthodox priests, writers, journalists, artists. Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Влади́мир Во́льфович Жирино́вский born April 25, 1946 as Vladimir Volfovich Eidelstein) Nikolai Ignatovich Kondratenko (Николай Игнатович Кондратенко (16 Feb Deputy Sergey Yurievich Glazyev, PhD (Сергей Юрьевич Глазьев (born January 1, 1961) is a Russian politician and former candidate (e. g. Sergey Kara-Murza). Sergey Georgyevich Kara-Murza ( Russian: Сеpгей Геоpгиевич Каpа-Муpза (born January 23, 1939) Soviet and Russian Based on so called "Dulles' Plan" "facts", Russian government-controlled TV channel RENTV in April 2008 created and aired a prime-time 50-minute TV "documentary" of the title "USSR: Ordered to Destroy" (Russian - "СССР. Приказано уничтожить").

In Russian mass-media, the term Dulles' Plan may also refer to a different program, NSC 20/1 (U. S. objectives with respect to Russia), outlined by the National Security Council in 1948, which established two basic goals for U. S. policy toward the Soviet Union: reduction of the power and influence of the U.S.S.R. to the point that it would no longer threaten international stability, as well as accomplishment of a fundamental change in the theory and practice of international relations as applied by the Soviet government. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 [11] This included promotion of the gradual retraction of undue Russian power and influence from Eastern Europe and of institutions of federalism in the Soviet Union which would permit a revival of the national life of the occupied Baltic peoples, termination of the projection of the subversive communist intellectual influence far abroad and attempts to compel the Soviets to recognize the practical undesirability of international antagonism. During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were The occupation of the Baltic states refers to the occupation of the Baltic states ( Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) first by the

There are no references to Dulles' Plan on Western websites, except multiple question marks. [12]

Bibliography

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Allen Welsh Dulles - CIA director. CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  2. ^ Weiner, Tim (2007). Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA, Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-51445-4, pp. 105-106.
  3. ^ "CIA: Marker of Policy or Tool? survey finds widely feared agency is tightly controlled" New York Times. April 25, 1966
  4. ^ A translation of this text into English can be found in The Battle for Russia by Metropolitan Ioann of St. Petersburg and Ladoga (Ivan Snychev).
  5. ^ Иванов, Анатолий. Вечный зов. Т. II
  6. ^ Жириновский, В. Враги России. М. : Издание Либерально-демократической партии России, 1998.
  7. ^ Жириновский, В. Отомстим за Россию! М. : Издание Либерально-демократической партии России, 2000.
  8. ^ Кондратенко, Николай. Спасти Отечество. Zavtra No: 16(229), April 21, 1998.
  9. ^ Глазьев С. Ю. , Геноцид. - М. : ТЕРРА, 1998. ISBN 5-300-02413-9.
  10. ^ Глазьев, Сергей. Благосостояние и справедливость. Москва, Б. С. Г. -ПРЕСС, 2003.
  11. ^ NSC 20/1. In: Thomas H. Etzold and John Lewis Gaddis (eds. John Lewis Gaddis is the Robert A Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. ), Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945-1950. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. P. 173-203. , available online at http://www.sakva.ru/Nick/NSC_20_1.html
  12. ^ "Dulles' Plan" on Russian websites.

External links

Preceded by
Gen. Walter Bedell Smith		 Director of Central Intelligence
February 26, 1953 - November 29, 1961		 Succeeded by
John McCone
Preceded by
William Harding Jackson		 Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
1951 - 1953		 Succeeded by
Charles P. Cabell
Persondata
NAME Dulles, Allen Welsh
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION CIA Director
DATE OF BIRTH April 7, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 1969
PLACE OF DEATH
General Walter Bedell "Beetle" Smith GBE KCB ( October 5, 1895 – August 9, 1961) was Dwight The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI was established by U Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William Harding Jackson ( March 25, 1901 - September 28, 1971) was a U The Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA is a senior United States government official in the U Charles Pearre Cabell ( 11 October, 1903 in Dallas Texas – 25 May, 1971 in Arlington Virginia) was an United States Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
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