All Souls' Day
All Souls' Day by William Bouguereau
Also called	Feast of All Souls; Defuncts' Day; Commemoration of the Faithful Departed
Observed by	Western liturgical churches and Eastern Christians
Type	Christian
Date	(West) November 2 (East) Several times during the year
Observances	Prayer for the departed, observances in cemeteries, special meals
Related to	All Saints Day

In Western Christianity, All Souls' Day commemorates the faithful departed. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 For the British girl group see All Saints (band. All Saints' Day (also called All Hallows or Hallowmas) often Western Christianity is a term used to cover the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, the Churches of the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Church AfterLife is a film drama set in Scotland directed by Alison Peebles made in 2003 about an ambitious Scottish journalist forced to choose between This day is observed in the Roman Catholic Church, churches of the Anglican Communion, Old Catholic Churches, and to some extent among Protestants. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Old Catholic Church is a Christian denomination originating with churches (many of them German -speaking that split from the Roman Catholic Church in Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Eastern Orthodox Church observes several All Souls' Days during the year. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Roman Catholic celebration is based on the doctrine that the souls of the faithful which at death have not been cleansed from venial sins, or have not fully atoned for mortal sins, cannot attain the beatific vision in heaven yet, and that they may be helped to do so by prayer and by the sacrifice of the Mass (see Purgatory). According to Roman Catholicism, a venial sin (meaning "forgivable" Sin) is a lesser sin that does not result in a complete separation from God Mortal sin, according to the beliefs of Roman Catholicism, and some Protestant denominations is a Sin that unless confessed and absolved (or at least In Roman Catholic Theology, the beatific vision is the eternal and direct perception of God enjoyed by those who are in Heaven, imparting supreme Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond Prayer is the act of attempting to communicate with a Deity or spirit The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification

All Souls' Day is also known as the Feast of All Souls, Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed. The official Latin designation Commemoratio omnium Fidelium Defunctorum, on which this last name is based, is rendered more literally in Portuguese Comemoração de todos os Fiéis Defuntos and many other languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos or de los Difuntos) is used in Spanish-speaking countries, and in Lebanon (Yom el Maouta). The Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية

The Western celebration of All Souls' Day is on 2 November and follows All Saints' Day, which commemorates the departed who have attained the beatific vision. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 For the British girl group see All Saints (band. All Saints' Day (also called All Hallows or Hallowmas) often If 2 November falls on a Sunday, the Mass is of All Souls, but the Office is that of the Sunday. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. This article refers to the Liturgy of the Hours as a specific manifestation of public prayer in the Roman Catholic Church. However, Morning and Evening Prayer (Lauds and Vespers) for the Dead, in which the people participate, may be said. Before the revision of the rubrics in 1969, whenever 2 November was a Sunday, All Souls Day was celebrated instead on 3 November, a practice still followed by Traditionalist Catholics. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical

The Eastern Orthodox Church dedicates several days throughout the year to the dead, mostly on Saturdays, because of Jesus' resting in the tomb on Saturday. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos

The Western celebration

The custom of setting apart a special day for intercession for certain of the faithful departed is very old. But the celebration of general intercession on 2 November was first established by St. Odilo of Cluny (d. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Saint Odilo of Cluny was the fifth Benedictine Abbot of Cluny. 1048) at his monastery of Cluny in 998. The town and commune of Cluny or Clugny lies in the modern-day département of Saône-et-Loire in the région The decree ordaining the celebration is printed in the Bollandist Acta Sanctorum (Saec. Acta Sanctorum ( Acts of the Saints ' is an encyclopedic text in 68 folio volumes of documents examining the lives of Christian saints in essence a critical VI, pt. i. p. 585). From Cluny the custom spread to the other houses of the Cluniac order, which became the largest and most extensive network of monasteries in Europe. The celebration was soon adopted in several dioceses in France, and spread throughout the Western Church. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It was accepted in Rome only in the fourteenth century. While 2 November remained the liturgical celebration, in time the entire month of November became associated in the Western Catholic traditionwith prayer for the departed. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000

A legend became associated with the institution of the celebration. According to Jesse Voyles in his Life of St Odilo, a pilgrim returning from the Holy Land was cast by a storm on a desolate island. A pilgrim is one who undertakes a Pilgrimage, literally 'far afield' The Holy Land ( Arabic: الأرض المقدسة al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah;Ancient Aramaic: ארעא קדישא Ar'a Qaddisha; Hebrew: ארץ_הקודש A storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere, especially affecting its surface and strongly implying Severe weather. A hermit living there told him that amid the rocks was a chasm communicating with purgatory, from which perpetually rose the groans of tortured souls. A hermit (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying " Desert " "uninhabited" hence "desert-dweller" adjective "eremitic" See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification The hermit also claimed he had heard the demons complaining of the efficacy of the prayers of the faithful, and especially the monks of Cluny, in rescuing their victims. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective Upon returning home, the pilgrim hastened to inform the abbot of Cluny, who then set 2 November as a day of intercession on the part of his community for all the souls in purgatory. The Abbot of Cluny was the head of the powerful monastery of Cluny Abbey in medieval France. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000

Eastern Orthodox Church

Among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Christians there are several All Souls' Days during the year. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See Most of these fall on Saturday, since it was on a Saturday that Jesus Christ lay in the Tomb, and are referred to as Soul Saturdays. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos They occur on the following occasions:

• The Saturday of Meatfare Week (the second Saturday before Great Lent)—the day before the Sunday of the Last Judgement
• The second Saturday of Great Lent
• The third Saturday of Great Lent
• The fourth Saturday of Great Lent
• Radonitsa (Monday or Tuesday after Thomas Sunday)
• The Saturday before Pentecost
• Demetrius Saturday (the Saturday before the feast of Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki—26 October)

(In the Serbian Orthodox Church there is also a commemoration of the dead on the Saturday closest to the Conception of St. John the Baptist—September 23)

Saturdays throughout the year are devoted to general prayer for the departed, unless some greater feast or saint's commemoration occurs. The Paschal cycle in the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Churches is the cycle of the Moveable feasts built around Pascha (Easter Great Lent, or the Great Fast, is the most important Fasting season in the Church year in Eastern Christianity, which prepares Christians Radonitsa ("Day of Rejoicing" is a holiday in the Eastern Orthodox Church which falls on the Monday or (more commonly Tuesday of Saint Thomas Week&mdasheight The Octave Day of Easter, sometimes known as Low Sunday (and also known historically as White Sunday Whitsunday St Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, pentekostē, "the fiftieth day" is one of the prominent feasts in the Christian Liturgical year, celebrated the Saint Demetrius redirects here For another saint see Demetrius of Alexandria. The Serbian Orthodox Church ( Serbian: Српска Православна Црква / Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva; СПЦ / SPC) or the Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Sep 22 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - Sep 24 All fixed commemorations below celebrated on Oct The feast of the Resurrection of Jesus, called Pascha (Easter is the greatest of the feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity

Protestantism

At the Reformation the celebration of All Souls' Day was fused with All Saints' Day in the Anglican Church, though it was renewed individually in certain churches in connection with the Catholic Revival of the 19th century. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time For the British girl group see All Saints (band. All Saints' Day (also called All Hallows or Hallowmas) often See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches The Oxford Movement or Tractarianism was an affiliation of High Church Anglicans, most of whom were members of the University of Oxford, who sought The observance was restored with the publication of the 1980 Alternative Service Book, and it features in Common Worship as a Lesser Festival called "Commemoration of the Faithful Departed (All Souls' Day)". The Alternative Service Book 1980 (ASB was the first complete prayer book produced by the Church of England since 1662 Common Worship is the name given to the series of services authorised by the General Synod of the Church of England and launched on the first Sunday of Advent Lesser Festivals are a type of observance in the Church of England, considered to be less significant than a Principal Feast, Principal Holy Day, or

Among continental Protestants its tradition has been more tenaciously maintained. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Even Luther's influence was not sufficient to abolish its celebration in Saxony during his lifetime; and, though its Ecclesiastical sanction soon lapsed even in the Lutheran Church, its memory survives strongly in popular custom. Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Just as it is the custom of French people, of all ranks and creeds, to decorate the graves of their dead on the jour des morts, so German people stream to the graveyards once a year with offerings of flowers. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also

Pagan roots

Certain popular beliefs connected with All Souls' Day are of pagan origin and immemorial antiquity. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Thus the dead are believed by the peasantry of many Catholic countries to return to their former homes on All Souls' Night and partake of the food of the living. In Tyrol, cakes are left for them on the table and the room kept warm for their comfort. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East In Brittany, people flock to the cemeteries at nightfall to kneel, bareheaded, at the graves of their loved ones, and to anoint the hollow of the tombstone with holy water or to pour libations of milk on it. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into A headstone, tombstone or gravestone is a marker normally carved from stone, placed over or next to the site of a Burial Holy water can also refer to water that has been blessed, such as by a Priest, and is considered Holy. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. At bedtime, the supper is left on the table for the souls.

In Bolivia, many people believe that the dead eat the food that is left out for them. Some claim that the food is gone or partially consumed in the morning.

See also

• Prayer for the dead
• Office of the Dead
• Samhain, Halloween
• Anthesteria
• Day of the Dead
• Zaduszki
• Saturday of Souls
• Dia de los Muertos

External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia: All Souls' Day
• American Catholic: Feast of All Souls
• Saturday before PentecostPDF (17. Wherever there is a belief in the continued existence of Man 's personality through and after Death, Religion naturally concerns itself with the relations The Office of the Dead is a prayer cycle of the Liturgy of the Hours in the Roman Catholic Church, said for the repose of the soul of a deceased Samhain (ˈsaʊn or /ˈsɑːwɪn/ Irish /ˈsˠaunʲ/ from the Old Irish samain) is the word for November in a few Gaelic languages Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a Holiday celebrated on the night of October 31. Anthesteria, one of the four Athenian festivals in honour of Dionysus ( Dionysia) was held annually for three days the eleventh to thirteenth of the month The Zaduszki (also dzień zaduszny) is a Polish tradition of lighting candles ( Znicze ' and visiting the graves of the relatives on All Souls Day Saturday of Souls (or Soul Saturday) is a day set aside for commemoration of the dead within the Liturgical year of the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic The 1 KiB) Notes on Russian Orthodox observance by N. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International Bulgakov
• Saturday of Meatfare WeekPDF (13. 9 KiB) N. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International Bulgakov