Alikhan Bokeikhanov (Kazakh: Әлихан Нұрмұхамедұлы Бөкейханұлы, 1866 - 27 November 1937) was a Kazakh writer, political activist, and environmental scientist. The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар qɑzɑqtɑr Russian: Казахи the English name is transliterated He is famous for advocating the idea that Kazakhs should learn Russian culture and simultaneously preserve Kazakh customs and law.
Bokeikhanov's early education took place in a Russian-Kazakh school and at Omsk Technical School (1890 graduate). He later studied at the Imperial Forestry Institute in Saint Petersburg, where he graduated from the Faculty of Economics in 1894. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River During his youth, he is believed to have been influenced by socialists. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution
Upon graduating, Bokeikhanov returned to Omsk and spent the next fourteen years there working. Omsk (Омск is a city in southwest Siberia in Russia, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast. He was a participant in the 1896 Shcherbina Expedition which aimed to research and assess virtually every aspect of Russian controlled Central Asia from the environment and resources to the culture and traditions of its inhabitants. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and This was the first of a few similar missions which Bokeikhanov accepted. Among his recorded contributions is "Ovtsevodstvo v stepnom krae" (Sheep-Breeding in the Steppe Land), which analyzed animal husbandry in Central Asia.
Political life
In 1905, Bokeikhanov's political activism began when he joined the Constitutional Democratic party. The Constitutional Democratic Party ( Constitutional Democrats, formally Party of Popular Freedom, informally Kadets) was a liberal Political He was elected to the First Duma as a member of that party in 1906, and signed the Vyborg Manifesto to protest the dissolution of the Duma by the tsar. State Duma of the Russian Empire was a Legislative assembly in the late Russian Empire. Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. As a result of this action, he was arrested and prohibited from living in the Steppe Oblasts. During his exile, he relocated to Samara. Samara (Сама́ра ( Kuybyshev (ru Ку́йбышев from 1935 to 1990 is one of the largest cities in Russia.
Bokeikahnov became deeply involved with the Alash Orda - a political movement which sought to create an authonomous Kazakhstan. Alash Orda (Алаш Орда was the name of the provisional Kazakh Government between December 13 1917 - August 26 1920 After the October revolution he was elected in 1917 as president of the Alash Orda government of Alash (Kazakh) authonomy. The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution Alash Autonomy (Алаш аутономиясы was a State that existed between December 13 1917 and August 26 1920, located The same year he was a member of the Turkestan Committee and Commissar of the Provisional Government in Torghai Oblast.
In 1920, after the establishment of Soviet hegemony, Bokeikhanov joined the Bolshevik party and returned to scientific life. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction His earlier political activities caused the authorities to view him with suspicion, leading to arrests in 1926 and 1928. In 1930, the authorities banished him to Moscow, where he was arrested a final time in 1937 and executed. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
It was not until 1989 that the Soviet authorities rehabilitated him.
Writings
Bokeikhanov's major political publication was "Kirgizy" (The Kazakhs) (1910), which was released in the Constitutional Democratic party book on nationalities edited by A. I. Kostelianskii. Bokeikhanov's other activities of this period include assisting in the creation of "Qazaq" (Kazakh), a Kazakh language newspaper and writing newspaper articles for newspapers including "Dala Walayatynyng Gazeti" (Omsk), "Orenburgskii Listok", "Semipalatinskii Listok", "Turkestanskie Vedomosti" (Tashkent), "Stepnoi Pioner" (Omsk), and "Sary-Arqa" (Semipalatinsk). Kazakh (also Qazaq and variants natively kk Qazaq tili, kk Қазақ тілі; pronounced tˈlə is a Turkic language closely related to In Heraldry, variations of the field are any of a number of ways that a field (or a charge) may be covered with a pattern rather than a flat tincture He was also a contributor to "Ay Qap" and "Sibirskie Voprosy". Ay Qap (آی قاپ; Айқап in nowadays script was a Kazakh journal of opinion and debate published in Troitsk from January 1911 until September 1915 under the editorship
References
- The Geography of Civilizations: A Spatial Analysis of the Kazakh Intelligentsia's activities, From the Mid-Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century
- Alikhan Bokeikahnov History
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