Blessed Alfredo Ildefonso Cardinal Schuster after his beatification, (January 18, 1880—August 30, 1954) was a Benedictine monk and archbishop of Milan during World War II. Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
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Early life and family
Ildefonso Schuster (born Alfredo Ludovico Schuster) was born on January 18, 1880 in Rome, Italy, the son of Giovanni (Johann) Schuster, a Bavarian tailor and double widower, and Maria Ana Tutzer. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 A tailor is a person whose occupation is to sew and scissor menswear style jackets and the skirts or trousers that go with them Schuster's sister, Giulia, entered the Order of Sisters of Charity of S. Vincenzo di Paul. Schuster also had three half-siblings from his father's second marriage. As a young child Schuster was briefly kidnapped and served as an altar boy at the church of the Teutonic Cemetery, next to St. Peter's Basilica. An altar server or Acolyte is a lay assistant to a member of the Clergy during a religious service The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St [1]
Schuster completed his early studies, ginnasiali, and liceali at Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (S. The Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls or St Paul-without-the-Walls (Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura is one of four churches considered to be the great Paolo fuori le mura) in November 1891. On November 13, 1898 he joined the Order of St. Benedict at the novitiate of the monastery of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, where he took the name Ildefonso and professed on November 13, 1900. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. Novitiate, alt noviciate, is the period of training and preparation that a Novice (or prospective) monastic or member Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar He earned a Doctor of Philosophy on June 14, 1903 and then a doctorate in theology at the Pontifical Academy of S. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Anselmo in Rome. [1]
Church career
Priest
Schuster was ordained on March 19, 1904 at the patriarchal Lateran Basilica in Rome by Pietro Cardinal Respighi, its archpriest and vicar general of Rome. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on The Basilica of St John Lateran ( Italian: Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano) is the Cathedral of the church of Rome and the official His Eminence Pietro Respighi STD JUD ( 22 September 1843 - 22 March 1913) was an Italian He joined Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in 1904, became master of novices in 1908, prior in 1916, and was elected abbot-ordinary of the abbey nullius on April 6, 1918, and also received the abatial blessing of Basilio Cardinal Pomphilj on April 14 there. The Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls or St Paul-without-the-Walls (Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura is one of four churches considered to be the great Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in [1]
He was also the Procurator general of the Congregation of Monte Cassino from 1914 to 1929 and President of the Pontifical Oriental Institute from October 7, 1919 to July 4, 1922. The Pontifical Oriental Institute ("Pontificium Institutum Orientalium" in Latin "Pontificio Instituto Orientale" in Italian is the premier center for the study of Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He visited the seminaries of Lombardy Campania and Calabria from 1924 to 1928. [1]
Bishop
Schuster was elected archbishop of Milan on June 26, 1929. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On July 13, 1929 he took an oath of loyalty to the Italian state in front of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, the first Italian bishop to do so, as required by the Lateran Treaty. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and The Lateran Treaty is one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, three agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy [1]
Cardinal
| Styles of Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster |
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 |
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| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Milan |
| Posthumous style | Blessed |
Schuster was created cardinal-priest by Pope Pius XI on July 15, 1929, receiving the title of Ss. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the Pope Pius XI ( Latin: Pius PP XI; Italian: Pio XI; May 31 1857 &ndash February 10 1939) born Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti on July 18, 1929. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was consecrated on July 21, 1929 in the Sistine Chapel by Pius XI personally, assisted by Carlo Cremonesi and Agostino Zampini. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sistine Chapel (Cappella Sistina is the best-known Chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. [1]
On August 15, 1932, he was made Papal legate to the celebration of Our Lady of Caravaggio, on March 21, 1934 legate to the 10th centennial of Einsiedeln Abbey in Switzerland, on September 15, 1937 legate to the inauguration of the new facade of the cathedral of Desio, and on August 2, 1951 legate to the National Eucharistic Conference in Assisi. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. A Papal Legate – from the Latin authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the Pope to Foreign nations or to some part of the Catholic Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Einsiedeln is a Benedictine Monastery in Einsiedeln town, in the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, dedicated to Our Lady of the Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Desio is a town and Comune in the Province of Milan, Italy History In 1277 it was the location of the battle between Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Assisi (əˈsiːzi or /əˈsiːsi/ ( Latin: Asisium) is a Town in Italy in Province of Perugia, Italy, in the Umbria [1]
Schuster participated in the papal conclave, 1939, which elected Pope Pius XII on the eve of World War II. Papabili and balloting Like St Pius X, Pope Pius XI was seen as a blunt-spoken no-nonsense pontiff and so the cardinals all sixty-two of whom participated Pope World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [1]
Relations with fascism
Before World War II
Schuster was a supporter of the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935, comparing it favorably to the Crusades and viewing it as a potential source converts. See also First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Second Italo–Abyssinian War (also referred to as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War) was a Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents [2] On October 28, 1935, while giving mass in the Duomo di Milano, Schuster asked God to protect Mussolini’s troops as "they open the door of Ethiopia to the Catholic faith and Roman civilisation. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Milan Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Milano; Milanese: Domm de Milan) is the Cathedral "[3]
April 1945
On 25 April 1945 he hosted in the archibishop's palace in Milan a meeting between the member of italian partisan and Mussolini in order to obtain a truce between the two parts, but Mussolini didn't accept the instrument of unconditional surrende as request by Marazza and Pertini the partisan delegates. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Italian Resistance movement was a partisan force during World War II. Alessandro (Sandro Pertini ( September 25, 1896 - February 24, 1990) was an Italian socialist, probably the most popular [4][5]
Death and legacy
Schuster died on August 30, 1954 in the Archiepiscopal Seminary Pio XI, Venegono Inferiore near Milan. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Venegono Inferiore is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 km northwest Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (future Pope John XXIII celebrated his funeral. Pope John (numberingBlessed He was buried on September 2, 1954 in the metropolitan cathedral of Milan, next to his two immediate predecessors. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) [1]
The diocesan process of his cause for sainthood was opened on August 30, 1957 by archbishop Giovanni Battista Montini (future Pope Paul VI) and concluded on October 31, 1963. The Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints ( Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the complex process Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Pope Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After his tomb was opened and his body found to be intact on January 28, 1985. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Schuster was beatified on May 12, 1996 by Pope John Paul II. Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Pope [1]
Notes
References
- Chadwick, Owen. 1988. Britain and the Vatican During the Second World War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Farrell, Nicholas. 2005. Mussolini: A New Life. Phoenix: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
- Lee, Stephen J. 2000. European Dictatorships, 1918-1945. New York: Routledge.
| Preceded by Eugenio Tosi |
Archbishop of Milan 1929–1954 |
Succeeded by Giovanni Battista Montini |
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